"Zhongxing" means the transition from decline to revival, so all ancient dynasties basically experienced the situation of "Zhongxing". For example, Guangwu Zhongxing, Yuanhe Zhongxing and Hongzhi Zhongxing have all heard of it more or less, but the situation of these "ZTE" has lasted for a long or short time. Of course, the development process of each dynasty is different. After a period of time, every dynasty may "revive". This time, I want to introduce the "revival" moments of various dynasties, from the Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and see how they revived.
Zhou: Wang Xuan Zhongxing
When Zhou Xuanwang ascended the throne, he experienced the Western Zhou Dynasty under the rule of Zhou Liwang. Because of the corruption of the official administration and the distraction of the people, Zhou Xuanwang ordered the restoration of public office, issued suggestions, solved the people and repaired weapons. Tian Shou inherited Fa, Wu, Cheng and Kang, and immediately appointed Zhao Mugong, Zhong, Xiu, Guo Wengong, Shen Bo, Han Hou, Xian Fu and Shi Shu to assist the court. One by one, they waged wars against neighboring tribes to restore the authority of the declining Zhou royal family, and the princes returned to appear before the emperor. All dressed up by foreigners. They are called "Wang Xuan Zhongxing".
Western Han Dynasty: Zhao Xuanzhong
At the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to long-term violence and severe punishment, class contradictions became increasingly acute and peasant uprisings continued. Faced with the strong dissatisfaction of the people, two years before his death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty announced in his next volume "Luntai New Evonne" that "today's work is to ban violence, stop making good use of talents and strengthen agriculture". He said that we should start from the people and develop production, which is closely related to the people.
After the death of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty and Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty came to power one after another. The history of the Western Han Dynasty entered the Zhao Xuan period. During the reign of Xuanhe and Xuanwu, both imperial capitals attached great importance to rest and recuperation, and the national strength seriously consumed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was restored. Liu Xiang praised Xuan Di, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, for "clear rules of politics and religion, proper laws and regulations, peaceful borders, friendship among foreigners, single responsibility, prosperity of the world, well-being of the people, and Liu Xiangzhi's reign as Emperor Taizong". The history of Zhao Xuanzong's rule is called "Zhao Xuanzong".
Eastern Han Dynasty: Guangxu Zhongxing
Wang Mang usurped the throne of the Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the country name was changed to the new country name. After the failure of Wang Mang's reorganization, the Greenwood Red Eyebrow Uprising broke out, and the Xin Mang regime finally disintegrated. Liu Xiu, a descendant of Hanwang, seized the opportunity to restore the Han Dynasty. His title is still Han. He is known as the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Liu Xiu is Emperor Guangwu. Xin Mang Tianfeng's agriculture and handicrafts were severely damaged in the war. Under his rule, it was restored and developed from Tianfeng four years to the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Under the painstaking efforts of Emperor Guangwu, the Eastern Han Dynasty presented a prosperous society. Wang Fuzhi believes that "Guangwu rules the world for three generations". Historically, it was called "the revival of light weapons".
Tang Dynasty: Yuan and Zhongxing
After the middle Tang Dynasty, the state power declined, and the problem of military and political separatism appeared. Some local leaders supported the army and became independent countries, which affected the central government's control over the localities and weakened the central government's ruling power. Among them, Heshuo three towns are the most domineering. When Tang Dezong was in power, due to the shortage of the Central Army, he adopted a policy of appeasement to the captaincy, but its disadvantages gradually emerged. After they acceded to the throne, they made up their minds to "exclude vassal States according to law." They are determined to fight against the powerful vassal state. Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other places have been besieged by powerful vassal States for many years and are now under the jurisdiction of the central government. When the Tang Dynasty returned to reunification, it was called Yuan and Zhongxing in history.
Tang Dynasty: Dazhong Zhongxing
Li Chen, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, worked hard politically and strived for rule. He likes reading Zhenguan dignitaries very much. He rectified the bureaucracy and restricted the relationship between the emperor and eunuchs. Except Zheng He and Li, he brought all the officials who died in the Ganlu rebellion to justice. He also tried to get rid of eunuchs, but he didn't take any action because of the warning of manna change. Xuanzong ruled the country diligently, cared about the people, reduced taxes, attached importance to talent selection, eased class contradictions and promoted people's prosperity. As a result, there was a prosperous situation of "Zhongxing" in the Tang Dynasty with serious corruption, which was called "the rule of large and medium-sized enterprises". History gave Li Chen a high evaluation: "Xuanzong was observant and selfless, listened to opinions with an open mind, cherished official rewards, advocated frugality and benefited the people. Therefore, large and medium-sized administrative institutions ended with the demise of the Tang Dynasty. People think and praise it. It's called "Little Emperor Taizong"
Song Dynasty: The Rule of Gan Chun
During the period of Zhao, politics was clear, society was stable, economy was prosperous and culture was prosperous. Song Dynasty entered a relatively prosperous period. Xiaozong rehabilitated Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment and used the war-oriented people to recover the Central Plains. In internal affairs, Xiaozong actively rectified the official system, eliminated redundant staff, punished corruption, strengthened centralization and attached importance to agricultural production. Generally speaking, the internal affairs of the Song Dynasty improved. Song Xiaozong is good at psychology and politics. Its people are rich, its food is abundant, and it is peaceful. History calls it "the rule of incorruptibility".
Ming Dynasty: Hongzhi Zhongxing
Xiao Zong's "Hongzhi revival" in Zhu Youtang is a short-term "ruling the world". Although there are many disadvantages in governing the country, the political behavior of filial piety, the numerous gentlemen in Hongzhi period and the harmonious relationship between monarch and minister brought a good reputation to this period. When Xiaozong was in office, he "resumed ordinary politics and spoke widely", thus improving the corrupt and flattering administrative situation since Chenghua. Filial piety in the Ming Dynasty was known as the "revival leader". During his reign, the national politics was clear, the economy was prosperous, the people were rich, and the world was rich, so later historians called him "Hongzhi Zhongxing".
Qing Dynasty: Tongguang Revival
China entered a specific period, that is, "Tongguang Renaissance", which is also called "the last flashback of feudal society" in history books. In "On Coastal Defence", Li Hongzhang described the Qing Dynasty as "a strong enemy for three thousand years". "Tongguang Renaissance" is a new road explored by the Qing Empire in such a complex and dangerous environment. Although Emperor Tongzhi and Emperor Guangxu did not see the British monarch, Empress Dowager Cixi, who controlled the government, was very cunning, and clever kings and ministers such as Prince Gong, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Hu Linyi and Zhang Zhidong also wholeheartedly assisted the country. From the fall of Tianjin in 1864 and the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement to the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the country was basically stable for 30 years, and bureaucrats pursued wealth and power. With the introduction of western technology, capital and talents, the establishment and training of new navy and army, the establishment of a large number of modern military and civilian enterprises and new schools, and the continuous dispatch of overseas students, the "Westernization Movement" has flourished. After the Sino-Japanese War, the revival of this school came to an abrupt end. The history of China has turned a new page.