For example, the sculptures in Qin and Han dynasties were rough and bold, the sculptures in Wei and Jin dynasties were vigorous and chic, and the sculptures in Tang and Song dynasties were rich and beautiful. China's ancient sculptures are also full of vivid features, and few of them meet the real standards in reality like ancient Greek works.
It is not used to playing with the surface and details of sculpture works, but prefers the feeling and artistic conception derived from the external image, thus creating a series of daydream spaces and leading people to an artistic world. The themes of ancient sculpture mainly include mausoleum sculpture, religious sculpture, working life and folk sculpture.
Art categories include circular sculpture, relief sculpture, memorial sculpture, desk sculpture, decorative sculpture of buildings and utensils, etc. Carving materials are also rich and varied, except bronze, stone, brick, clay, pottery and other materials, as well as jade carving, tooth carving, wood carving, bamboo carving and so on. China's original sculptures are mainly pottery sculptures of people and various animals, and most of the figures are decorations attached to practical objects, which are very casual and simple and naive.
Sculpture works in Shang and Zhou Dynasties are mainly bronze casting, and the patterns on bronze mainly include animal patterns and geometric patterns. The bronze ritual vessels of Shang Dynasty are peculiar in shape, full of majestic, mysterious, lofty and weird aesthetic feeling.
However, there were no statues in a large number of sculptures excavated during this period, which is a unique phenomenon in the history of world sculpture art. After the Western Zhou Dynasty, its style tended to be realistic and rational.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it became rich and colorful. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, in addition to ritual vessels, there were some practical bronzes, stone carvings, bone carvings, jade carvings, or figures or animals, such as brackets and bases, which were cleverly shaped and finely made.
Sculptures in the Qin and Han Dynasties were unprecedentedly prosperous, and the most typical one was the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Sculptures in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. Contrary to the mysterious and weird style of bronzes, terracotta warriors and horses are full of lofty masculine beauty.
These tens of thousands of terracotta warriors and horses show their affirmation of human power. Figures and horses are the same size as real ones, without exaggeration.
It has a huge volume, a large number, a real image and a shocking artistic charm. The stone carvings of large animals in front of the tomb of Huo Qubing, a famous Western Han Dynasty, are concise and summarized, showing the beauty of great power in richness.
Among them, Horse Treading on Xiongnu once again experienced the freehand brushwork and vividness of China's sculpture art. Although the horse is rough and clumsy, it still has a kind of agility. The lightly carved strokes are horse legs, which are integrated with the upper body of the horse. There is no unnecessary stone that is not carved, but a complete image of a horse.
In the Han Dynasty, the heavy burial style produced many sculptures of animal figurines and figures, with simple shapes and exaggerated expressions, emphasizing dynamic trends. The secular life of Han Dynasty became the material of sculpture. Scenes such as beating rice, picking taro, making wine and dancing with hundreds of plays exist in relief in the Han dynasty portrait bricks, and also show the life of local doctors such as feasting, driving and hunting.
Of all the religions in the world, Buddhism is the most artistic. With the prevalence of Buddhism, Buddha sculpture became the mainstream of sculpture art in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the four grottoes of Yungang, Dunhuang, Longmen and Maijishan were all excavated in this era.
Generally speaking, the statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty were influenced by Indian or Western styles in form and style, solemn and simple, and showed the power of Buddha in silence. Buddhist sculptures in the Southern and Northern Dynasties merged with the aesthetic fashion of Han intellectuals, forming a new style of praising clothes, showing bones and images.
Sui and Tang Dynasties are the heyday of ancient Chinese sculpture, and its achievements are first manifested in grotto sculptures, such as the stone carvings of Fengxian Temple in Longmen Grottoes. Its carving techniques are fluent and skillful, creating a completely nationalized modeling style, which not only embodies the broad and vigorous spirit of the times in the Tang Dynasty, but also shows the rich imagination and superb carving skills of the Tang people.
If Buddhism was first introduced to China by imitating Indian statues, by the time of Lushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple, Longmen, Tang Dynasty, China sculptors had matured their skills and had a deep understanding of the essence of Buddha sculpture. The Buddha statue in Lushe is already the Buddha statue in China.
"Six Horses in Zhaoling" is a relief in front of Emperor Taizong's tomb, which comes down in one continuous line with the Terracotta Warriors. "Six Horses in Zhaoling" embodies the realism of ancient sculpture in China, without false exaggeration or vague and strange shapes. These sculptures also show the affirmation of the power of nature and people. In addition, tricolor figurines and Sichuan Dazu Grottoes are the most representative sculptures in the Tang Dynasty.
The ordinary people in Dazu Grottoes are more vivid and realistic, and many works can be regarded as portraits of ordinary people. The increase of secular themes and the development of realistic style are the main characteristics of sculpture art in Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties. The colored sculptures of Jinci Temple in Shanxi, Lingyan Temple in Changqing, Shandong and Shengsi in Jiangsu all vividly show the modality of the world and have a strong realistic color.
The statue of Bodhisattva in Xiahuayan Temple in Datong, Liao Dynasty is elegant, subtle and meaningful, well dressed, and has a great legacy of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, small clay sculptures have reached a high level in realism.
China ancient sculpture has some limitations. Compared with the west, the imperial power and artistic views of China's court aristocrats are also for the purpose of showing off power and praising virtue. The nobles in China's court avoided molding themselves directly, and used dragons, phoenixes, lions, unicorns and other animals, as well as servants, troops and warriors to set off their greatness and sacredness. Similarly, among Buddhist sculptures, the only ancient sculptors who can give full play to their realistic description skills are Luohan, Bodhisattva and Guanyin, while the main Buddha has the most limited creative freedom.
Classical sculpture may easily be considered too old and traditional, but the author believes that respecting tradition means acknowledging the continuity of art history, and sculpture art needs constant innovation and exploration, but any innovation is not whimsical and unconventional, and innovation also means inheriting tradition. Today's traditional art is increasingly challenged by western modernism, and new thoughts will destroy all the old traditions. But why do today's artists go back to the destroyed ruins to find the remaining traditional culture? Dust to dust, dirt to dirt.
Let's step on the dust of history and relive the artistic charm of China's classical sculpture.
2. Who is the ancient celebrity sculpture Fan Li (536- 448 BC), also known as KATTO, Di Yizipi and Tao Zhugong? Chu (present-day Nanyang, Henan) Wansan clan. A famous politician, strategist and strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Proficient in military strategy, resourceful, worshipped as a doctor and named as a general.
Fan Ceng (277- 204) was born in Tongcheng, Anhui. The famous king of Chu at the end of Qin Dynasty was an important minister, politician and strategist. He was the main counselor of overlord Xiang Yu in the peasant war in the late Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-206 BC). When Xiang Yu named him Hou of Liyang, he was respectfully called "father".
Fan Changsheng (2 18-3 18), A Yanjiu, also known as Chongjiu, or a famous article (A Zhi), is a character. Fuling (now Qianjiang, Sichuan) was born in Danxing and became famous in the Western Jin Dynasty. The leader of the Prime Minister's Road in the Great City of the Western Jin Dynasty, a famous Taoist priest of heaven and earth, was Hou of Xishan.
Ye Fan (398-445), a native of Yang Shun, Nanyang, was the son of Fan Tai. A famous historian and essayist in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a masterpiece with a history of nearly 200 years from Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty to Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty.
Fan Zhen (about 450-5 15) was a Yin dancer in Nanxiang (now Biyang, Henan). A famous philosopher, thinker and atheist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. The author of "The Extinction of Immortals" was once tempted to change his point of view by promotion, but he did not "sell the theory to get an official".
Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), a native of Wuxian, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), was a famous politician, writer, thinker and strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty. He used to be involved in politics. After his death, he was named King Chu and posthumous title was named "Zheng Wen". Author of Fan Wenzheng's public collection. Fan Chunren was the prime minister when he was a philosopher, Fan Chunli was the right minister of Shangshu, and Fan was the straight bachelor of Longtuge.
Fan Qin (1506- 1585) was a famous bibliophile in the Ming Dynasty. In the eleventh year of Jiajing (1532), he was a scholar and a right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Together with Zhang and Tu Dashan, they are also called "Three Sima in the East China Sea". He is the owner of Tianyi Pavilion, the oldest existing library in China.
Fan Wencheng (1597- 1666) was born in Shenyang, Liaoning. The famous founder of the Qing Dynasty, Zaifu, was a civilian leader, an outstanding politician and strategist. Known as "the first civil servant in the early Qing Dynasty", he was once a university student and minister of internal secretariat, and was named a teacher and a prince, and posthumous title was a "Wen Su". The sage of Qing Dynasty personally mentioned the plaque of "Fu Yuan Peak" for him. His descendants, such as Fan, Fan Shiyi, were appointed as governors, ministers, assistant ministers and other important positions, and there were so many family officials in high positions that it was rare in the history of China.
3. What ancient celebrity sculptures are there on campus? They are generally to commemorate the great figures in history. Their specific existence is to carry forward their cultural spirit and to serve as another continuation of their lives. Celebrity sculptures are commonly found on campus, or in museums, celebrity memorial halls and other places.
Celebrity sculptures on campus are generally stone carvings and figures. Generally, according to the founding background of the school, some well-known literary soul figures are selected, such as Lu Xun, Zhang Heng, Wu, Noble, Yu Chuanjian and Zhang Boling. Generally speaking, campus celebrity sculptures have a far-reaching influence on students and are their learning and inheritance goals.
Stone carving and celebrity sculpture are popular sculpture materials at present. Because the material is as strong as a tall building, it is also strong and durable enough under the baptism of years. Long service life and durability. The advantages of celebrity sculpture are widely used in various outdoor, square, park, theme place and other large-scale sculpture construction. Celebrity sculpture is a wonderful practice of absorbing national traditions and the best way to nourish creation. In fact, many sculptors have also done it in celebrity sculpture creation. It can be asserted that thousands of years of traditional treasures have been, are and will continue to be pregnant with the constant interpretation of celebrity sculptures.
Ancient sculptors can give full play to their realistic description ability, followed by Lohan, then Bodhisattva, and the freedom of creation of the main Buddha is the most limited. The ordinary people in Dazu Grottoes are more vivid, and many works can be regarded as portraits of ordinary people and sculptures of celebrities. Celebrity sculptures are widely used in squares, campuses, cities, towns, temples, companies, parks and other large places.