1. The earliest known human in China is Yuanmou, about 1.7 million years ago.
2. Beijingers are primitive humans living in Zhoukoudian, north of Beijing, about 700,000-200,000 years ago.
3. The change of Beijingers shows that labor has played an important role in the evolution from apes to humans.
Beijingers have learned to use natural fire. The use of fire has improved the ability of primitive humans to adapt to the natural environment, and promoted the development of physique and the evolution of the brain.
Banpo settlement is located in banpo village, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, about 6000 years ago, which is the representative of the Yellow River Basin. Banpo residents first planted millet, widely used ground stone tools and invented painted pottery.
6. Hemudu settlement is located in Hemudu village, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, which is about 7000 years ago and is the representative of the Yangtze River basin. Hemudu residents first planted rice, generally used ground stone tools, and lived in dry-column houses.
7. Emperor Yan, known as Shennong, was the founder of primitive agriculture and medicine.
8. Yan Di Tribe and Huangdi Tribe formed an alliance, forming the future Chinese nation. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are revered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation.
9. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are revered as the ancestors of human beings in China.
10. The method of electing the leader of the tribal alliance is called abdication. Yao, Shun and Yu inherited the status of tribal alliance leaders through abdication system.
1 1, Yu's main achievement is water control. He was honored as "Dayu" by combining damming and dredging rivers to successfully control water.
12 years, in 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, which was the first country in the history of China. His son inherited his father's throne and began the history of "being at home in the world". Since then, the hereditary system of the throne has replaced the abdication system
13, the Tang dynasty destroyed the summer and established the Shang dynasty. After Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin, the Shang Dynasty ruled stably, which was called "Pan Geng moved to Yin" in history. Shang Dynasty was one of the largest countries in the world at that time.
In 14 BC and 1046 BC, Zhou Wuwang wiped out the Shang Dynasty through the battle of Makino, and established the Zhou Dynasty, calling it the Western Zhou with its capital. In 77 1 year BC, Gourong broke through Haojing and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
BC 15 and 2 1 century were 500 years earlier than BC16th century.
16, in order to strengthen the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the enfeoffment system was implemented. In succession to the throne, the eldest son inheritance system is implemented.
17, the social class is distinguished by kinship, which mainly includes three levels: noble, civilian and slave. 18, Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, two means by which the state ruled the people: violent repression and etiquette education.
In 770 BC 19, it moved eastward to Luo, which was called "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period (770- 476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475-22 BC1).
20. The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period: Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang. Among them, Qi Huangong is the first dominant. He appointed Guan Zhong as Prime Minister, attached importance to economic development, reformed internal affairs, and soon made Qi rich and strong. He also put forward the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries", and finally established the hegemonic position of "Aoi Yume".
2 1. The battle that decided Jin Wengong to become the overlord of the Central Plains was the battle of Chengpu. The idiom "Winning the Central Plains" comes from Chu Zhuangwang.
22. Seven Heroes of the Warring States: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin. The combination of the north and the south of the six countries, * * * with the anti-Qin, is called "alliance"; The State of Qin took advantage of the contradictions among the six countries, made friends with them, attacked them, and defeated them one by one, which was called "Lian Heng". Military strategists include Zhang Yi of Qin State and Gongsun Yan of Wei State.
23. The use and popularization of iron and Niu Geng have greatly improved the production efficiency and made individual production possible.
Basic knowledge points of seventh grade history
Lesson 65438
1. Yuanmou people, about 1.7 million years ago, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, the Yangtze River Basin. At present, the earliest known human in China.
2. Peking man, about 700,000-200,000 years ago, Zhoukoudian, Beijing, Yellow River Valley. Still retains some physical characteristics of apes. Natural fire was used. Social life (the most primitive form of human social organization).
3. Neanderthals, about 30,000 years ago, Zhoukoudian, Beijing, Yellow River Valley. Not much different from modern people. You can start a fire manually. Family life.
Whether you can make tools is the fundamental difference between people and animals.
5. China has the largest number of ancient human sites in the world.
6. What progress has the life of cavemen made compared with that of Beijingers?
Peking man has retained some characteristics of ape-man, and cavemen are basically the same as modern people.
Beijingers use rough stone tools, and cavemen have mastered grinding and drilling techniques.
Beijingers use natural fires, and cavemen can make artificial fires.
People live in Beijing, and cavemen enter the clan period.
Lesson 2
1. Banpo aborigines, about 6,000 years ago, lived in banpo village, the Yellow River Valley, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Semi-basement Planting millet, China is the first country to grow millet in the world. Stone grinding tools (diamond axes) are widely used. Pottery is the main appliance (fish-patterned painted pottery basin).
2. The original inhabitants of Hemudu lived in Yuyao, Zhejiang, about 7000 years ago. China is the first country to grow rice in the world. Grinding stone tools and bones are widely used. Pottery is the main tool (black pottery bowl depicting pig patterns).
About four or five thousand years ago, the original inhabitants of Dawenkou lived in Dawenkou, Shandong Province in the Yellow River valley. Polarization between rich and poor. Black pottery and white pottery in Dawenkou.
Explanation: They live a stable life. Get rid of the dependence on nature, expand the activity space and improve the quality of life. Superb skills in architecture. Can creatively build houses according to regional characteristics. Shows the ingenuity of the original inhabitants. At that time, productivity improved and people's ability to overcome difficulties improved.
Seventh grade history book 2 knowledge
Prosperous sui dynasty
1. Opening of the Grand Canal:
(1) Time and Person: Since 605, Emperor Yang Di has opened a Grand Canal running through the north and south.
(2) The Canal is divided into three parts: The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty is centered on Luoyang, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, reaching Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south. This is the longest canal in the ancient world.
(3) The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty is divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hanjiang River and Jiangnan, and is connected with five rivers: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.
(4) The opening function of the Grand Canal: ① Strengthening the north-south traffic; (2) consolidated the rule of the Sui Dynasty; (3) greatly promoted the economic exchanges between the north and the south of China.
The demise of the sui dynasty
1. Sui Dynasty perished: 6 18. Emperor Yang Di was killed in Jiangdu and the Sui Dynasty perished.
2. The establishment of the Tang Dynasty: In June18, Li Yuan set up an army in Taiyuan to resist Sui Dynasty and entered Chang 'an to establish the Tang Dynasty.
3. Wu Zetian and her rule: The only female emperor in China history was Wu Zetian, who proclaimed herself emperor in her later years and changed her name to Zhou. During her reign, she continued to carry out the policy of developing agricultural production and selecting talents, which further developed the society of the Tang Dynasty and enhanced the national strength. She is called her rule "open the door to politics and govern macro-honesty".
4. Rule of Zhenguan: Emperor Taizong attached importance to developing production and reducing farmers' tax service; Pay attention to appointing talented people and accept counseling with an open mind. He appointed Du Ruhui, who was resourceful and good at breaking great events, as Prime Minister and called him "Fang Mou Du Duan". Wei Zhi, who dares to speak out, is regarded as a famous admonisher. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, and the national strength gradually increased. Historically, the rule at that time was called "the rule of chastity".
Kaiyuan Shi Sheng
1. Social economy in Tang Dynasty:
(1) Tea planting: Tea production occupies an important position in the south of the Yangtze River, and the wind of drinking tea prevails throughout the country.
(2) Improvement of agricultural production tools: Qu Yuan plough and irrigation tool trolley.
(3) Ceramic industry: Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang Sancai are the most famous. Tri-colored Tang Dynasty is a treasure of world craft.
(4) Commerce: During the Tang Dynasty, China's metropolises were Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu. 2. Chang 'an City is divided into Fang and Shi, Fang is a residential area and Shi is a bustling commercial area.
Chang 'an was not only a national exchange center at that time, but also an international metropolis.
4. In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history.
Induction of seventh grade history knowledge points
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty 1, due to economic prosperity and strong national strength, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was able to carry out a large-scale counterattack against the Xiongnu.
The famous generals who fought against Xiongnu in Han Dynasty were Wei Qing and Huo Qubing. They chased all the way to Mobei, so that the Xiongnu could no longer compete with the Central Plains dynasty.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty adopted a pro-Xiongnu policy because its national strength was not strong enough.
In 65438 BC+065438 BC+09 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once again launched a war against the Huns. The commanders of the Han army were Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, and the battle took place in Mobei area. After this war, the Huns were unable to compete with the Western Han Dynasty, and some Huns began to move westward.
The military unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was mainly manifested in seizing Hetao and Hexi Corridor.
The two main relations between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions are war relations and friendly relations. Both have positive effects. Emperor Wu counterattacked the Huns' victory and stabilized the border. The typical and famous Zhaojun's departure from the fortress occurred in the Han and Yuan Dynasties. The kinship between China and Hungary has promoted the friendly coexistence and cultural exchanges between the two major ethnic groups.
7 Huo Qubing's achievements:
He put national interests above personal interests, and went to Xiongnu for six times, with footprints as far as the North Sea. He attacked the Qilian Mountain, Yanqi Mountain, Yinshan Mountain and Xushan Mountain in Wan Li one by one, fulfilling the long-cherished wish of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty, driving the Huns to the desert and bringing the court to Korea from all over the world.