At the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, many people suspected that his position was not right. Because this result was not said by Kangxi himself, but was "relayed" by Long Keduo.
According to Yongzheng's own memory, on 1 1 month 13, my father sent someone to recall me from Nanjiao Zhai. Before I arrived at Changchun Garden, my father ordered the Seven Princes and Long Keduo, the ministers, to go to the imperial couch, announcing that the four sons of the emperor were of noble character and would certainly inherit the Great Unity and succeed me as emperor. -"Justice"
The fourth son of the emperor was born in a noble family, especially one like me, who will definitely ascend to the throne and be ordered to succeed me as emperor. According to Yongzheng's memory, at that time, there were seven princes who listened to the decree with Longkeduo, and four princes were waiting outside the bedroom. Let's take a look at these 1 1 princes.
The seven princes who obeyed the imperial edict were: the third son: Yun Zhi, the seventh son: Yunyou, the eighth son: Yunyou, the ninth son: Yunyou, the tenth son: Yunyou, the twelfth son: Min Yun, and the thirteenth son: Yun Xiang.
The four princes waiting outside the bedroom are: the fifteenth prince: Yun Qi, the sixteenth prince: Yun Lu, the seventeenth prince: Li Yun, and the twentieth prince: Yi Yun.
When Yongzheng entered the palace to meet him, Kangxi told him why his illness was getting worse and worse, and Yin Zhen comforted him with tears. At nine o'clock that night, Kangxi died. Yin Zhen was crying and really didn't want to live. At this time, Longkodo was describing Kangxi's testamentary edict, and Yin Zhen was stunned.
This was the situation at that time, and it was also an almost consistent version of the official records later. Regarding the mystery of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, the theory of succession at that time in Historical Records was indeed full of loopholes. The specific reasons are as follows:
First, don't say it to your face. Kangxi was seriously ill in the early morning, so he called Prince Yong in the southern suburb to the palace and knew that he was seriously ill. Succession is a great event. Before the arrival of Yin Zhen, Kangxi had announced that Prince Yong had succeeded him as the Seventh Prince and Long Keduo. However, after Prince Yong entered the palace, Kangxi spoke easily and kept a clear head. Why not express your entrustment to Yongzheng and just tell him that his condition is so serious?
Second, Kangxi has time to say. At noon that day, Yin Zhen entered the palace, and then three or five times. Kangxi died in the evening, indicating that Kangxi had enough time to tell him his own decision to succeed to the throne. If it's for the sake of secrecy, but it's already been announced to the Seven Princes and Long Keduo, what else can be kept secret? What's more, there is no need to keep secrets at this time, but to tell the world to show that there is a big position and avoid the princes fighting each other.
Third, why didn't others say anything? The Seven Princes and Roncodo learned that they had been transferred to Yin Zhen. Why did Yin Zhen arrive and wait for Kangxi with Yin Zhen for ten hours, but they didn't respond? Do they have no time or no chance? Obviously not.
Fourth, why did you declare inheritance after death? Since the Seven Princes and Long Keduo had heard the imperial edict before Yin Zhen arrived, that is, before ten o'clock, why not announce it when Kangxi was awake or even dying, so that Yin Zhen could kowtow to his father, but not until after Kangxi's death?
In short, there were sixteen hours from the moment Kangxi announced his succession to the moment he died. Eight hours later, the ownership of Dabao has spread throughout the palace. Even when Yin Zhen arrived in the bedroom, it took five hours and ten hours until Kangxi died. It is absolutely impossible for Yin Zhen to pass on the emperor's testamentary edict after Kangxi's death. He only knew that Dabao was his own, so he showed the appearance of being hit hard. This is quite different from logic and reason, especially Kangxi's consistent style.
According to academic research, the plot of the so-called seven kings and Longkeduo listening to the purport together was forged by Yongzheng. Because the book Mystery of Justice written by Yongzheng himself is the first and a household name, while the book A Record of the Holy Father of Qing Dynasty is the last, and the latter book can't deny the previous book, so the author of the record compiled it into the record according to the book Mystery of Justice distributed to all counties in the country, but this is not the real situation when Kangxi died.
However, there is actually another person who can prove that Yongzheng forged the scene of succession! He is what Yongzheng said about waiting outside the bedroom. Liu Yun, the 17th brother of Kangxi, was born in the 36th year of Kangxi at the age of 25. It is Yongzheng himself who proves that Yunli is not at the scene. On the night of Kangxi's death, Liu Yun, the 17th elder brother, was on duty in ouchi of the Forbidden City. When he learned of his father's death, he immediately rode to Changchun Garden. When he arrived at Xizhimen Street, he happened to meet Long Keduo, the commander of the police.
When they met, Longkodo told him that Kangxi appointed Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Emperor Yong, to inherit the throne. The news of Yin Zhen's accession to the throne came as a bolt from the blue. After listening, Liu Yun looked perverse and crazy. He immediately turned his horse's head and ran back to his mansion, neither mourning nor welcoming his father's coffin in the Forbidden City. Liu Yun was not shocked by his father's death, but he seemed crazy when he heard that Mei had succeeded to the throne. This reaction is not personal, but universal.
Brother Jiuyun Zen has always been straightforward. Knowing that it was Yin Zhen who acceded to the throne, he suddenly ran to Mei's place, extremely arrogant and rude, and deliberately demonstrated to Yin Zhen, showing that he didn't take this heir seriously at all. Yongzheng later recalled that "its meaning is unpredictable." If I hadn't been calm and forbearing, I would have caused trouble. At the same time, on May 8 and May 3, after learning that Yin Zhen had acceded to the throne, they whispered for a long time in the yard, and did not discuss countermeasures until late at night.
On the day of Kangxi's death mentioned by Yongzheng, several princes learned of the overreaction of being transferred to him, which only explained two points: first, everyone was surprised; Second, everyone knows that Yin Zhen is cunning and meticulous, and he will threaten his life.
As for the testamentary edict, it is also foggy. Before and after the testamentary edict, there are two surprising things that show that this process is "abnormal".
The first thing happened before the imperial edict was promulgated. The Ministry of Rites made a program to read out the testamentary edict of the great emperor. Yongzheng was not satisfied after reviewing it, saying: Why is there only Wang in this program and I am not discussed? The Ministry of Rites replied: The testamentary edict was issued to the world. The etiquette of past dynasties only recorded the "testamentary edict" held from the palace, but did not record the place where the emperor saluted. We put it forward as usual. Yongzheng was greatly dissatisfied with this explanation, and rebuked does, saying: "The testamentary edict was held out from Gan Qing Palace, and how to settle down and salute me was discussed by the Prime Minister and does.". "
Before Yongzheng ascended the throne, the minister knew that he was a particularly difficult Lord. Soon after Yongzheng acceded to the throne, he sent Chen Yuanlong, a minister of does, commonly known as "Old Chen Ge of Haining", to handle the affairs of the mausoleum, found a reason to get home, and all the benefits he was entitled to were cancelled. His successor was the later famous Zhang. Wang Huitong did an exception and added a link: when presenting the testamentary edict, the emperor stood outside the main gate, the university student presented the testamentary edict from the middle road, and the emperor knelt down. Once the testamentary edict is passed, it is a return. The second thing happened when the testamentary edict was issued. The testamentary edict issued this time is only "Wen Qing", that is, Manchu, and the testamentary edict was not read in Chinese. Almost all the ministers in the Han Dynasty didn't know what to say. This is contrary to common sense, and Bao Yang and others immediately joined forces to impeach the officials of Crack Temple: How can you not read China's testamentary edict on such an important matter? Yongzheng came out to beat around the bush and deliberately talked about Manchu-Chinese relations. He said: "Bao Yang and others participated in this case. Although it is not a major event, it is also related to this matter. If I submit this matter to the Ministry for investigation and discussion today, Manchu and Han will have different views on each other in the future. Moreover, when reading the imperial edict in the Qing Dynasty, ministers and workers all heard it, which is no different from reading the imperial edict in Chinese characters. What is the difference? I will return this book. "
Yongzheng's explanation is far-fetched. The key point of the proposal is that the state's regulation should not be chaotic. Where is the Manchu-Chinese relationship? Moreover, all officials, not to mention Han officials, are all officials, and not everyone can understand the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, people have reason to doubt: Is there a "testamentary edict"? Was this "testamentary edict" handed down by Kangxi or formulated by Yongzheng?
The Testament of Kangxi is in quadruplicate, which are collected in the First Historical Archives of China and the Institute of History and Language of the Taipei Academia Sinica, one in Chinese and one in Manchu. The Will of Kangxi is related to the legitimacy of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, so every exhibition has caused a great sensation at home and abroad. There are also great differences in academic circles.
It is also clearly recorded in "A Brief History of Huang Qing" written by Wang Hong, the son of the eight sons of the emperor, that on the 13th, it was carved in Wu Jia, and it rose far and wide. Haike returned to the capital. Roncodo has a will. Kangxi died at night and returned to ouchi at night. Longkodo inherited Kangxi's testamentary edict after he returned to the palace. In other words, a few hours after Kangxi's death, the testamentary edict was passed. This also denies that the Seven Princes and Long Keduo listened to Kangxi's last life together in the bedroom of Changchun Garden.
Therefore, Gan Lin, a teacher who has studied Yongzheng for many years, believes that it is meaningless to argue about the authenticity of this testament. Unless Kangxi had a testament before his death, he kept it a secret for many years and gave it to the minister when he died. Among the existing testamentary edicts of Beijing and Taiwan, the Manchu part is at the most crucial point, that is, the part of "the fourth son of Emperor Yong is noble in character", and there is no text about damage. So some people think that this is evidence that Yongzheng tampered with the testamentary edict.
Has the testament been tampered with?
Although Kangxi died suddenly, as long as he is alive, he will solve the problem of succession. Otherwise, what he feared would really happen: put my body in Gan Qing's palace, and the princes would fight with each other. In the sixty-first year of Kangxi, North Korean intelligence officials repeatedly reported to their king that there was a possibility of mutiny after Kangxi's death because he did not establish a prince.
From this, we can't help asking, even if Kangxi has confidence in his body, as he has said to ministers many times: How can you forget the great event of building a reservoir? Kangxi had no idea of "living for another 500 years", and he never confessed his death. So, he doesn't have any plans for Chu Jun? In his life, "the heart consumes its blood for the world, and God scatters its shape for the world". He valued the Great Qing Dynasty more than his own life. How can he achieve it without making any arrangements?
In addition, it is also worth mentioning that Yongzheng was the funeral of Kangxi. It is said that when Kangxi died, Yongzheng held an unprecedented funeral for his father, and only held the simplest ceremony for himself. What's the special significance of this?
Since the Han Dynasty at the latest, China has had a set of very fixed and "standardized" procedures for the emperor's funeral ceremony and accession ceremony, which is the first major event of funeral and gift. Take the Qing Dynasty as an example. 6 1 years ago, the emperor shunzhi died and Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, which was also carried out according to this ceremony. The car in front is behind the road. Yong Zhengdi will be fine as long as he keeps doing this.
However, Yongzheng deliberately showed leniency, making the funeral "unprecedented", making the accession ceremony extremely hasty, and refuting the plan put forward by does as usual again and again. What runs through these two events is the "filial piety" that the new emperor deliberately showed that the ancient emperor did not have, which inevitably makes people wonder: Is there something hidden in it? Is it broken glass?
Yongzheng also felt that it violated the etiquette rules. In addition to making it clear that the Qing emperor would not commit another crime, he also issued imperial edicts for explanation many times. He was worried that the Eight Banners funeral would follow in the footsteps of his "unruly people" and ordered it to be banned. So, what is the purpose of Yongzheng's doing this?
First, it shows that he is the successor appointed by Huang Kao. From Kangxi's death to his burial, dozens of funerals were held. Yongzheng repeated a theme every time: I am the heir designated by Emperor Kangxi, and my "birth" is positive. As for the "filial piety" shown, they all obey this theme. This makes people feel that "there is no silver here."
Second, he is a qualified successor. The important criterion for Emperor Kangxi to choose a successor before his death is "loyalty and filial piety", which I showed during the Yongzheng period, which is completely consistent with Kangxi's requirements for successors. I did a good job as an emperor.
Third, crush the living with the dead. The more the emperor raised, the more reasonable the legal inheritance of Yongzheng was. And anyone who doesn't obey my Yongzheng will take the imperial examination to subdue you. After Yongzheng sent him to Shouling, Chen Yuanlong, an old man from Chen Ge, Haining, mentioned earlier, was accused of "prevarication" and was dismissed, but his due "grace" was gone. Prince Lian, the eighth son of Emperor Kangxi, ranked first among the four prime ministers at that time. Yongzheng punished him for kneeling in front of the hall of supreme harmony all night, just because the palace where the remains of Emperor Gao were stored smelled bad. The so-called improvement of Kangxi's tomb-keeping specifications is also to suppress those who refuse to obey him, including his younger brother, 14 elder brother Yun.
Fourth, it shows that He Yong is the protagonist, and the protagonist appears. No matter how tall Emperor Kangxi is, he is also the real protagonist. To put it bluntly, he is the general director of all the plays. Yongzheng took great pains to organize the funeral and talked about following the imperial examination. Why didn't he choose Dongling as his eternal destination? The reason is that Dongling has not found a good place, so why are Qianlong, Xianfeng and Cixi all buried here?
Has the goal of Yongzheng been achieved? Basic realization. In the archives of the Qing palace, we found many secret letters written by ministers to Yongzheng. These ministers all praised Yongzheng's "filial piety for emperors has never existed since ancient times", and especially advised the emperor not to be too sad and hurt the dragon body.
Yongzheng ascended the throne, marking the official arrival of a new master who ruled the world in the Qing Dynasty. Since then, the pointer of history has entered Yongzheng time.