Wu Zetian (624-705,65438+1February 6), whose real name was Wu Xie (Xu), was later renamed Zhao, and was born in Wenshui, Wenzhou (now Wenshui, Shaanxi). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China (reigned from 690 to 705).
He is also one of the oldest emperors (67 years old) and the longest emperor (82 years old). He and Lv Hou in the Han Dynasty were also called "Lu Wu". In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian established herself as emperor, changed her country name to Zhou, made Luoyang her capital, and established Wu Zhou.
Before and after Wu Zetian's rule, the imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty was massacred, and "cruel official politics" rose. However, she is "observant and good at judging", and she has great power and can use people, so she makes talents come forth in large numbers. We also rewarded agriculture and mulberry, reformed official management, and attached importance to selecting talents. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually degenerated.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and forced him to abdicate. After the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongzong was honored as the "Emperor of Heaven".
In the same year 1 1 month, Wu Zetian died in shangyang palace at the age of 82. In accordance with his last wish, Zhongzong changed his name to "Zetian Tiansheng Queen" and was buried in Ganling as a queen. Later, she became the "Tianshun Saint Queen".
2. Empress Dowager Cixi
Cixi (1835165438+1October 29th-1908 65438+1October 15), that is, Ye, the queen, and the concubine of Emperor Xianfeng.
/kloc-entered the palace in 0/852, and was named Lan Guiren (Yi Guiren was recorded in the Draft of Qing Dynasty); 1853, Jinfeng Yian; 1856, Aisingiorro Zai Chun, the eldest son of Emperor Sheng (Tongzhi Emperor), was given the title of imperial concubine in Jinfeng; 1857, Jin Feng Yi Guifei.
186 1 year, after the death of Emperor Xianfeng, he was honored with Empress Xiao Zhenxian, known as the Empress Dowager Notre Dame, and was given the Cixi emblem. Heart has launched a coup with Empress Dowager Ci 'an and Prince Gong Yixin to punish eight ministers and seize power.
The pattern of "two palaces hanging over the curtain and the prince discussing politics" was formed, and the Qing government temporarily entered a quiet period, which was called Tongzhi Zhongxing in history. 1873, the queen mother of the two palaces rolled up and returned to the government. 1875, Emperor Tongzhi died, and Aisin-Gioro Zaitian succeeded to the throne in Guangxu, the year of Tongzhi.
The two palaces once again listened to politics; 1884, launched the "Shen Jiayi Book" to recall Prince Gong and began to take power alone; 1889, returned to Guangxu and retired to the Summer Palace; 1898, staged a coup in the Reform Movement of 1898, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu, beheaded six gentlemen in the Reform Movement of 1898, and lectured again.
1900, after the national reform, the new policy of the late Qing dynasty was implemented and the law on military and commercial officials was reformed. 1908, Emperor Guangxu died, and Puyi succeeded to the throne, honoring Cixi as the empress dowager. 1908165438+1October 15 17 Cixi died in Yiluan Hall and was buried in Dingdong Mausoleum, Putuo Valley.
3. Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (1084 ~ about 1 156), a poetess in Song Dynasty (early Song Dynasty), was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong). He was born in Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong in seven years (1084) and died in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong in twenty-six years (1 156).
She was born in a scholarly family. Early life is easy. Her father, Li, has a rich collection of books and has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since childhood. After their marriage, Zhao Mingcheng and her husband devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of epigraphy and calligraphy, and engaged in academic research.
Like-minded, happy life. Nomads from the Central Plains, living in the south, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness, and Li Qingzhao was alone. Experienced the prosperity and danger in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the turmoil in the early Southern Song Dynasty.
4. Yang Yuhuan
Yang Yuhuan (765438+June 22-July 200915,756), the figures are too real. The court musicians and dancers in Tang Dynasty were plump, good at singing and dancing, and smooth in melody. Her musical talent is rare among the queens of past dynasties, and she is praised by later generations as one of the four beauties in ancient China.
There are five versions about its native place: Xiang Kun, Zhou Guo (now Lingbao, Henan), Yongle, Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shanxi), Huayin, Hongnong (now Huayin, Shaanxi), Chengdu, Sichuan and Rongzhou, Guangxi (now Rongxian, Guangxi).
She was born in an official family, and her father, Yang Xuanyan, was a manager in Zhou Shu. First of all, she is Princess Li Mao, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After being ordered to become a monk, he was canonized as a imperial concubine by his father, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan launched a rebellion, followed Li Longji out of Chang 'an from Yanmenguan and went into exile in Shu, passing through Maweigang. On July 15th, Yang Yuhuan died in this army.
5. Chen Yuanyuan
Chen Yuanyuan (1623- 1695), formerly known as Xing, Yuan, Yuan and Fang, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu (now Changzhou) in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Living in Taohuawu, Suzhou, a native pear garden is famous in Wuzhong and one of the "Eight Colors of Qinhuai".
At the end of Chongzhen, he was captured by Tian Wan and later became a concubine with Wu Sangui. According to legend, after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, his subordinate Liu Zongmin took Chen Yuanyuan away, and Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the customs.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Zetian
Baidu Encyclopedia-Empress Dowager Cixi
Baidu encyclopedia-Li Qingzhao
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yang Yuhuan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Chen Yuanyuan