In the Western Jin Dynasty, Qiang, Di and Xiongnu were already living on the fertile soil of Qin, Yong and Bing. Qiang people and miscellaneous Hu people live in the north and the lower reaches of the Wei River, while the Miao people live on both sides of the middle reaches of the Wei River and on the south bank of the lower reaches. Huns live in the middle and lower reaches of Fenshui, while Jie people live in the upper reaches of Zhang Shu.
In 294 AD, Hao San, a Hun, rebelled and was soon killed. In 296 AD, Hao joined forces with Qiang and Hu to rebel, killed the northern satrap, and defeated the satrap of Feng Yi and the secretariat of Yongzhou. Qin, Yong, Emperor and Qiang all responded and elected Emperor Wannian. The great epidemic, drought and famine intensified the uprising, which took four years to be suppressed. Han people went into exile in Liang, Yi, Jing, Yu and other states for food. Due to the persecution of officials, Yizhou refugees elected Te Li and his son as leaders, and defeated Zhao Gao and Yizhou secretariat Luo Shang successively. In 304 AD, Li Xiong was proclaimed king according to Chengdu, and in 306 AD, he was proclaimed emperor, with a great title. He implemented a frivolous and generous tax policy, and the people were rich. It was destroyed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 347 AD.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, the gentry monopolized the political power and excluded the gentry and the nobles of ethnic minorities, which caused the latter's strong dissatisfaction. The Eight Kings Rebellion, in which the royal families killed each other and sold and plundered the people of Wuhu as slaves, brought great disasters to the people of all ethnic groups. The cruelty and decay of the Western Jin government were exposed, the ruling institutions fell apart, and the ruling power was sharply weakened. At this time, Zuo and Huns privately discussed: "In the past, my ancestors and Han were brothers and shared common troubles and worries. Since the Han dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties, I have been single-minded, but nothing has happened. I have fallen into the same family since the princes. Today, Sima is at odds with each other, and the world is buzzing. At this time, it is also the time to revitalize the country. Zuo's gesture of Yuanhai is unique and transcends the world. If the sky is gone, it is worthwhile to have this person. " * * * In 304 AD, Liu Yuan was pushed to send troops to fight against Jin, called Hanwang, and Zuoguocheng was built (now northeast of Lishi County, Shanxi Province). Liu Yuan studied Confucianism since childhood, lived in Luoyang for a long time, and had contacts with kings, Zaifu and celebrities. He claimed to inherit Han Zuo and set up three ancestors and five families of Han Gaozu for worship. Wang Mi, Schleswig-Holstein and others also led the army. In 308 AD, he proclaimed himself emperor and moved his capital to Pingyang (now southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province). Sending troops to attack Luoyang twice failed. Liu Cong succeeded to the throne in 3 10. In 3 1 1 year, Liu Yao, Wang Mi and Schleswig were sent to capture Luoyang and capture Emperor Jin Huai. In 3 16 AD, Liu Yao was sent to capture Chang 'an (now northwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province), capture Di Chin Yi alive and destroy the Western Jin Dynasty. In 3 19 AD, Liu Yao, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was stationed in Chang 'an, changed his country name to Zhao, and offered sacrifices to Modu Khan and Liu Yuan, the Huns, which was known in history. The territory reaches Shuozhou (now Guyuan County, Gansu Province) in the north, Lueyang (now Tianshui City, Gansu Province) in the south, Bao Han (now northeast of Linxia County, Gansu Province) in the west, Xin 'an (now east of Mianchi County, Henan Province) in the east, and then Zhao is the boundary. In 329 AD, the post-Zhao Dynasty was destroyed by Xerox.
Jiezu Xerox, a young commander in Shangdang Wuxiang, was once kidnapped and sold as a slave because of hunger and cold, and later set 18 as a thief. Later, he called the outlaws to break diplomatic relations with Sanji (now Ye Zhen, southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province). After running, he attached himself to Liu Yuan, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. In AD 3 1 1, Wang Yan's army was defeated, and Sima Yue's army 1 Yu Wan, together with Liu Yao and Wang Mi, captured Luoyang. Then the fire merged and attacked Jiang and Han in the south. Counselor Zhang took (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province) as the stronghold and took two states. In 3 19, it was called the king of Zhao, and in history it was called the post-Zhao. In 329, the former Zhao was destroyed, and the former Liang was forced to become a vassal, unifying the north. The territory borders the sea in the east, Bao Han in the west, Yinshan and Yuyang in the north (now northern Beijing), Xiangyang, Hefei and Eastern Jin in the south. Xerox (Jie nationality) openly and clearly stipulates that the Hu people are exempt from punishment for looting Han Chinese scholars, and the Hu people can ask ordinary Han Chinese for anything if necessary. At the same time, it is taboo for Han people to call nomads "Hu people" but "Han people". Zhang Wushi, Fan Tan, came to see him in rags. Schleswig asked him what happened. Without thinking, Fan Tan said that Jie thief robbed him. Schleswig laughed and said, "Is valerian a robber like this? You should be compensated now. " Fan Tan realized that he had made a taboo and quickly kowtowed and wept bitterly. Schleswig not only failed to punish Fan Tan, but also gave him three million yuan to buy clothes and horses. You can imagine the situation of ordinary Han people at that time. Schleswig-Holstein established Imperial College, trained Jiezu scholars and improved the cultural quality of Jiezu. Implement the nine-grade official system to recruit people. "Send envoys to follow the counties, verify household registration, and persuade farmers to teach mulberry." "Everyone rents half the land." Production has been restored and developed. After Shi Hu succeeded to the throne, he moved to the capital Ye, which was destroyed by Wei Ran in 350 AD. Ran Min established the State of Wei, known as Wei Ran in history. It was destroyed by Yan Qian in 352 AD.
Since then, the Central Plains has been ruled by Yan Qian and the former Qin Dynasty, while Liangzhou was ruled by Liang Qian. In 30 1 year, Zhang Gui was appointed as the secretariat of Liangzhou, settled the state boundary, became the city god (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province), and kept the boundary for the people. He sent troops to defend Luoyang and Chang 'an many times. After the death of the Western Jin Dynasty, it was still regarded as the new moon of the Western Jin Dynasty, and many scholars in the Central Plains took refuge here. History used to call it cool. Zhang Jun, his grandson, once sent Yang Xuan to lead the troops across quicksand and cut Qiuci and Shanshan, so the western regions fell. The territory is east to the Yellow River, west to Qingji, north to Juyanze (now Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia) and south to Nanshan (now Qilian Mountain in Gansu). In 376 AD, it was destroyed by the former Qin Dynasty.
Xianbei Murong Department was backward in economy and culture, and originally lived in Liaohe River Basin. Under the influence of the feudal mode of production of the Han nationality, it gradually became feudal and moved to Dajicheng (now Yixian, Liaoning Province), Longcheng (now Chaoyang, Liaoning Province) and Yuji (now southwest of Beijing). In 352 AD, he destroyed Wei Ran, called himself Emperor Yan and moved the capital. History is called Yan Qian. It is adjacent to the sea in the east, Lishi in Shanxi, Luoyang in Henan, Nanyang and Qianqin in the west, Daixian in Shanxi in the north, Huaihe River and Jin Dong in the south. Northeast of the lower reaches of Yalu River. It was destroyed in the former Qin Dynasty in 370 AD. From then on, the former Qin unified the north. Hao Yuhong, a Di native, was born in Lin Wei, Lueyang (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province).
After the Zhao Dynasty, he moved eastward to Fangtou (now Qimendu, southwest of Xun County, Henan Province) and became the governor of refugees. After Zhao's death, his son, Fu Jian, led the crowd to Guanzhong, claiming the title of king, making Chang 'an his capital and the title of Qin. History is called Qian Qin. In 357 AD, Fu Jian proclaimed himself emperor, and began to use Wang Meng, an impoverished scholar, to suppress strongmen and develop production. "Tian Chou cultivated hobbies, enriched the national treasury and prepared laws and materials." He destroyed Yan Qian, Liang Qian and Daiguo (Xianbei Tuoba Department), conquered the western regions and unified the north. Also take the eastern and Iraqi States. Its territory starts from Qingji in the west, reaches the sea in the east, reaches Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province in the southwest, reaches the north of the lower reaches of Yalu River in the northeast, reaches Yinshan Mountain in the north, and reaches Huaihe River and Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south. In 383 AD, Fu Jian invaded the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was defeated by Feishui, so Murong, Qiang and Zahu in Xianbei rebelled and became independent. Under the fierce attack of Xiyan, it was destroyed by the late Qin Dynasty in 385 AD. Since then, the Central Plains has been divided by Houyan and Houqin, and Liangzhou has been divided by Hou Liang.
Xiyan was built in 384 AD in Xianbei Mu Rongchong, with Acheng as its capital (now northwest of Chang 'an City, Shaanxi Province). Being exterminated, Murong Yong moved his eldest son (now southwest of Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province) and was destroyed by Hou Yan in 394 AD. Houyan was built in Xianbei Mu Rongchui in 384 AD. Du Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). In 397 AD, Zhongshan was captured by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Murong Bao moved to Longcheng. In 407 AD, Mr. Murong was killed by Feng Ba and the country perished. Feng Ba, Emperor of Yunxian County, Gao Made, was known as Bei Yan in history. In 409 AD, Feng Ba succeeded to the throne, "save clothes and food and pay less tribute." It was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty in 436 AD.
Southern Yan, a sliding platform built in 398 AD (now southeast of hua county, Henan Province), was forced by the Northern Wei Dynasty and led many people to take Qingzhou counties from the east, all of which were Optical Valley (now northwest of Qingzhou City, Shandong Province). 4 10 was destroyed in the eastern Jin dynasty.
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Yao Chang of A Qiang rebelled against Fu Jian in 384 and established Chang 'an as its capital. In 394, Yao Xing succeeded to the throne. 4 17 was destroyed by the eastern Jin dynasty.
Xia was founded in 407 AD in Helian Bobo, Xiongnu, with Wancheng as its capital (now Baicheng in the northeast of Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province). In 4 17 AD, the Eastern Jin Dynasty destroyed the later Qin Dynasty. Defeat the nomads from the army and capture Chang 'an. In 43 1 AD, after He Li Anding destroyed the Western Qin Dynasty, he was attacked by Tuyuhun again, and the country perished.
The Western Qin Dynasty was built in 385 AD in Xianbei, the capital of Longxi (now the west of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province). 43 1 year was destroyed by summer.
After Xiliang, before 386 AD, Lv Guang, a general of the Qin Dynasty, returned to the Western Regions and was built according to Liangzhou (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province) where he lived. The territory starts from the Yellow River in the east, west to Qingji, south to Qilian Mountain and north to Juyanze. It was destroyed in the late Qin Dynasty in 403 AD. Its west is Xiliang, which was built by Li in 400 AD. Originally the capital of Dunhuang, it moved to Jiuquan (now Jiuquan City, Gansu Province). In 420 AD, it was destroyed in Beiliang; To its east is Nanliang, which was built in Xianbei, Hexi in 397 AD and became Ledu (now Ledu County, Qinghai Province). In 4 14, it was destroyed by the western Qin dynasty. The other is Beiliang, which was built in 397 AD in Qumengxun, a residence in Lushui, Song Lin. It was once the capital of Zhangye (now northwest of Zhangye City, Gansu Province) and later moved to ancient Tibet. It was destroyed in the Northern Wei Dynasty in 439 AD.
The division of the Sixteen Kingdoms period had a far-reaching impact on the historical development of China. First of all, it created a precedent for ethnic minorities to enter the Central Plains. With the common rule of ethnic minorities and Han nationality, most of them were educated by Confucianism and attached importance to the people, which provided a precedent for breaking the door-door system in the future. The Five Chaos Period was the darkest period in China's history. The savage Hu people did great damage to Chinese civilization, and it was at the historical juncture of life and death. This has a great influence on the historical development of China. Secondly, how the rulers (and Han counselors) of ethnic minorities correctly handle ethnic and class contradictions is a new topic put forward by history. Some of them were not well solved at the beginning, and some of them were well solved at the beginning, realizing the reunification of the north, and then failed. Their rule soon collapsed and the north fell into a state of division. However, their experience and lessons have a great influence on the history of China. So in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the reform of Emperor Xiaowen appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty.