1. Opening National Borders The Tang Empire was the most civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, and Chang 'an, the capital, was a cosmopolitan metropolis, just like new york in the United States today. At that time, the Datang Empire was in the eyes of people with lofty ideals in the world? Sunshine zone? Outstanding talents from all over the world risked their lives to run to the Tang Empire. Diplomatic envoys of various countries, after seeing the high prosperity and civilization of the Tang Dynasty Empire, are their countries uncivilized in their hearts? Primitive forest? Almost, so I don't want to go back to China and try my best to stay.
China's highly developed culture makes most people from all countries who come to China proud that they are from China (which reminds people of the green card of the United States today). Not only the capital Chang 'an, but also all over the country? Foreigners There are more than 200,000 westerners living in Guangzhou alone, especially in emerging commercial cities. Zhenguan Dynasty is a rare open dynasty in the history of China. There are no strict restrictions on the entry of foreigners and the exit of China people, that is, they are not worried that China people will forget their roots after going out; I'm not worried about foreigners coming in and usurping the role of master. This alone shows the high self-confidence of Zhenguan dynasty, which is convinced that its country is the most civilized and prosperous land in the world and is not worried that foreign culture will drown it.
The national quality of Zhenguan dynasty was so high that it neither discriminated against nor welcomed foreigners, nor did it blindly exclude or exclude them? Nazism? , a pair of supercilious big country bearing and king demeanor. Foreigners in China enjoy the same civil rights as people in China, just like people in China are at home. They can not only make a fortune, but also be an official in politics. Many expatriates from the Arab Empire and Japan hold official posts in China, and some of them also hold senior ministerial positions.
In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also received a batch of foreign students to study advanced culture in China. Only Japanese public students received seven batches, each with hundreds of students, while private self-funded students far exceeded this figure.
Second, the only dynasty without corruption Zhenguan dynasty is the only dynasty without corruption in ancient history, which is perhaps the most noteworthy achievement of Li Shimin. In Li Shimin's China, the emperor took the lead in setting an example, and officials were dedicated to the public, and they did their jobs. Abuse of power and corruption and dereliction of duty have fallen to an all-time low. What is commendable is that Li Shimin did not use harsh laws to warn corruption, but mainly set an example and set up a political system as scientific as possible to prevent corruption.
In the face of a shrewd and self-disciplined ruler, officials have little motivation for corruption, and it is not easy for corrupt officials to find hiding places. Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty punished corruption the most severely, and all corrupt officials were punished by peeling, but the number of corrupt officials in the Ming Dynasty was rare in history. It can be seen that the prevention of corruption mainly depends on the scientific and civilized political system, and the attack afterwards can only be effective for a while, and the social soil where corruption breeds cannot be eradicated from its roots.
Three. What are the economic characteristics of the highly developed commercial feudal dynasty in China? Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business? The proportion of commerce in the national economy is quite low, and the status of businessmen is several times lower than that of farmers. This is also the main reason why China's feudal economy has not been substantially developed.
Zhenguan dynasty is the only feudal dynasty that does not discriminate against business. Not only is there no discrimination, but it also provides many convenient conditions for business development, which further reflects Li Shimin's foresight. Under the advocacy of Li Shimin government, the commercial economy in Zhenguan period has made great progress, and new commercial cities have mushroomed. At that time, more than half of the world-famous commercial cities were concentrated in China. In addition to JIAOZHOU, Guangzhou, Mingzhou and Fuzhou along the coast, there are also Hongzhou (Nanchang, Jiangxi), Yangzhou and Yizhou (Chengdu) inland, and Shazhou (Dunhuang, Gansu) and Liangzhou (Wuwei, Gansu) in the northwest. The capitals Chang 'an and Luoyang are both international metropolises.
World civilization? The Silk Road? It is a link between eastern and western material civilizations, but this commercial passage reached the highest use value in the Tang Dynasty. The territory of the Tang Dynasty was unprecedented. Four military towns (four towns in Anxi) have been established in the western regions, and the western border directly reaches the stone country in Central Asia (now Kazakhstan), which provides a stable social order and effective guarantee for business travel between the East and the West. As a result, commercial travel on the Silk Road emerges one after another, and all kinds of commodities pass between the East and the West, making the Silk Road a golden corridor for the whole world.
Fourth, the development of literature, the prosperity of Tang poetry, the development of any literary form in any era, on the one hand, inherited the previous literature and art, on the other hand, it has its own reform and development, and so does Tang poetry. From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the development of poetry experienced a long historical development process. Seven-character ancient poems have matured, and metrical poems and quatrains have basically crossed the experimental stage. They have accumulated rich experience in creative methods, stylistic features, artistic skills, the use of temperament, and the creation of language styles, which provide valuable wealth for the development of Tang poetry.
Poets in the Tang Dynasty not only inherited and developed the realistic and romantic literary traditions from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, but also developed artistic traditions in various forms and techniques. What is commendable is that the poets in the Tang Dynasty did not simply take literary and artistic heritage, but adopted a scientific attitude of criticism, inheritance and innovation. Poetry in the early Tang Dynasty is a continuation of the floating poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties. Beautiful and charming? Official institutions dominate.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the four outstanding poets used practice to lead poetry from the palace to the market, from Taige to Jiangshan and Saimo. Expand the field of poetry theme. Chen Ziang lambasted the poetry circle? Colorful and complicated, but never happy? Advocate? Han Wei style? 、? Elegant and five letters? In theory and practice, the legacy of Qi Liang was eliminated, which opened the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry.
Li Bai, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, thinks? Now that Jian 'an is here, isn't it beautiful enough? While studying Chu Ci, Yuefu created a unique romantic poetry style and completed the mission of poetry innovation. His spirit of pursuing ideals and demanding freedom, and his unrestrained, magnificent and elegant style have opened up a situation for the prosperity of Tang poetry. Du Fu clearly put forward:? Don't cut your fake body, elegant. Ask for help from many teachers. Is it your teacher? . Critically inherit, giving consideration to ideological content and tonal form. Du Fu's poetry pushed realistic poetry to the peak with its profound content, gloomy and vigorous style and rigorous narrative. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran praised the tranquility of landscape and countryside, while Gao Shi Cen Can described the magnificence of frontier fortress scenery.
Many schools have created a large number of works with different styles, which ushered in the complicated situation of Tang poetry.