No wagons were found in ancient China. During the Warring States period, there were some wagons, such as the remains unearthed in Long Island, Shandong Province, and the bronzes unearthed in Gaozhuang, Huaiyin. But this kind of four-wheeled vehicle with dragon boat shape is not used for daily life, but for etiquette activities. This kind of ceremonial four-wheeled vehicle in the Warring States period should be developed from the two-wheeled vehicle in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. For a long time, there is a view that the ancient carriages in China came from the west, which is called "from the west"; There is also a view that the carriage in ancient China was invented independently, which is called "nativism". The western saying is: (1) In the two river basins and Europe, there must have been cars in the late 4000 BC, and the earliest invention of cars was obviously earlier. At present, the earliest ancient car found in China was in the late Shang Dynasty, but the car carrying livestock did not appear in the archaeological data of our country until the 5th century BC. (2) In the west, the evolution of automobile has a relatively complete development sequence, and there is a development process from four wheels to two wheels; There is a development process from solid to radial wheel; There is a development process from using cattle (or donkeys) to using horse-drawn carts. But in China, the carriage suddenly appeared. The car of Shang Dynasty is a two-wheeled carriage with spokes, which is obviously very mature. This mature car should have its original form, which can't be found in China. (3) Four-wheeled vehicles first appeared in the West, and then two-wheeled vehicles appeared; The wheel is solid and has spokes; There are cattle and horses; Many forms of wheels and cars even coexist at the same time. Because cars originated in the west and have a long history, the forms of cars and wheels are rich and varied, but the styles of cars spread to China are few and far between. (4) Since the horse-drawn carriages were unearthed in Yin Ruins, it has been suggested that China's horse-drawn carriages were described as the west according to their similarities with those in the two river basins, but it has been impossible to confirm the specific process of the horse-drawn carriages spreading from west to east. Since 1970s, a lot of information about ancient carriages (including physical objects and rock paintings) has been found in the Central Asia of the former Soviet Union, which enables people to determine the specific spread process of carriages. As far as cars are concerned, the basic form of the carriage discovered by Rashasin and Xinda Xueta is the same as that of the Shang Dynasty. They are all single axle, double yoke, double wheel and multi-spoke, the wheels are very long, the car is located in the center of the axle, and so on. In particular, the cars unearthed from the Sunda Snow Pagoda, like commercial cars, have doors at the back. As far as rock paintings are concerned, the characteristics it reflects are consistent with real cars. For example, from west to east, the style of cars is more and more dominated by two-wheeled carriages; The number of spokes is gradually increasing, and so on. These data all explain the process of automobile spreading from west to east. It can also be speculated that the nomadic people who first developed western-style carriages (mainly four-spoke) into multi-spoke two-wheeled carriages may live somewhere in the grassland of Central Asia. This kind of carriage was quickly adopted by other nomadic peoples, spread eastward along the Eurasian grassland, and finally reached the Central Plains. Therefore, China's carriages should be developed directly from Central Asia, which comes from Europe and West Asia. (5) China's domestic horses should also come from the west. Archaeological data show that there are few horses found in Neolithic sites in China, and the basic situation is unknown. It is impossible to determine whether they are wild horses or domestic horses. Among the animal bones unearthed in the early and middle Shang Dynasty, "it is worth noting that no horse bones have been found in more than a dozen animal bones that have been identified". It was in the late Shang Dynasty (from BC13rd century) that the exact skeleton of domestic horses was discovered. Therefore, some experts have speculated recently that horses in Shang Dynasty may be the result of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. (6) Some arguments of "nativism" are untenable. For example, some scholars think: "The invention of automobiles should be based on the development of rotating tools to a certain extent. The spinning wheels and pottery wheels that appeared in the Neolithic Age in China, especially the wheel-shaped tools used for cutting jade, should be regarded as the direct or indirect precursors of automobiles in the history of technological development. " However, the actual wheel turning tool did not necessarily lead to the invention of the wheel. Some people have quoted China's classical literature about "Xi Zhong drives a car" or "Yellow Emperor builds a car" to prove that the car was invented by China, but this is only a legend. (7) Some records in China's historical documents also refer to the spread of China carriages from north to south. During the Spring and Autumn Period, when the backward State of Wu was rising, a doctor named Shen Gong from the State of Chu fled to the State of Jin. He hated his political opponents in the State of Chu and wanted to take advantage of the power of the State of Wu to avenge himself. In 584 BC, the witch doctor came to the State of Wu and said, "One of them is suitable for the State of Wu, but one of them is not. Instead of shooting at the imperial palace, teaching Wu to ride a horse, teaching Chen to fight and teaching him to fight against Wu. " ("Zuo zhuan? In the seventh year of Cheng Gong, the art of car fighting was taught to the people of Wu, and Wu became stronger. Finally, "barbarians return to Chu, and Wu takes it." From the very beginning, I was in contact with Wu from all over the country. "This story shows that the use of vehicles in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is hundreds of years later than that in the Central Plains. Carriage first appeared in the north and later spread to the south. No wagons were found in ancient China. During the Warring States period, there were some wagons, such as the remains unearthed in Long Island, Shandong Province, and the bronzes unearthed in Gaozhuang, Huaiyin. But this kind of four-wheeled vehicle with dragon boat shape is not used for daily life, but for etiquette activities. This kind of ceremonial four-wheeled vehicle in the Warring States period should be developed from the two-wheeled vehicle in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. China's carriage came from Central Asia in the west. Of course, China people in ancient times did not simply introduce carriages, but constantly processed and reformed them, and many technological innovations and inventions appeared, such as the manufacture of concave wheels, the appearance of dragon boat-shaped carriages and four-wheeled carriages, and the evolution of driving methods, which gradually formed China's own carriage characteristics and traditions.