In fact, this has to start with the long history of South American gangs.
Above _ 1930 is driven by American gangsters who have been shot many times.
Too far from heaven, too close to America. For South American countries, there is a distance in the world called being too close to the United States.
The United States, the only superpower in the world, is not only military and economic, but also other aspects, such as crime and drugs.
The United States has the most powerful drug market in the world, and about 8.2% of the people in the country are involved in drugs. In 20 13, more than 500,000 people in the United States admitted to taking drugs. 60% of the global drug sales destination is the United States. The United States is the largest country in the world? Drug country? However, only a few drugs in the United States come from inside, and the vast majority come from imports.
The main countries that export drugs to the United States are Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and other United States? Neighbors? .
The drug profits of up to 80 billion dollars in the United States naturally make countless people feel excited. Moreover, every state in the United States is tolerant of drug addicts and strict with drug dealers. Facts have proved that the function of this law is almost equal to zero.
As the saying goes, as long as there is profit, there must be crime. And such huge profits will definitely bring huge crimes.
Above _ Map of America
Countries such as Mexico and Colombia were once promising stars. For example, Mexico's per capita GDP is not only in the forefront of American countries (second only to Brazil), but even in the last century, Mexico was once called? Mexican miracle? But under this flashy appearance, it is difficult for Mexico to cover up a very serious problem: it is a big drug trading country, even a superpower.
The common problems in American countries except the United States and Canada are: 1, bloated slums and rampant crime.
Most of these crimes are inseparable from the drug trade. In Mexico, during the period of 7 1 year after 1929, the PRI took control of Mexico, thus, Mexico entered a highly centralized mode. All departments are controlled by the Revolutionary Institutional Party, which also regulates the drug trade in Mexico and teaches Mexican drug dealers how to collude with the entire Mexican judiciary and how to establish a complete trade network.
In this case, the entire South American gangster organization has a complete division of labor and a structured network. In South America, farmers who grow coca (the raw material plant of cocaine), a series of producers and sellers in the middle, can only get a very small part of the reward, and the upper class of the gang takes most of the profits. These profits are also transformed into the huge economic strength of gangs, and finally into the military strength of gangs.
Coca is a shrub or small shrub of the genus Coca.
Gang Order and Black World For the gang boss, Latin American countries, including Colombia and Mexico, are completely inadequate in fighting capacity? The drug war? However, in the face of helicopters and all kinds of advanced weapons and equipment, all countries can do nothing. Take Colombia as an example. Escobar, the drug Lord of Escobar drug trafficking group in Colombia, once ranked 14 in the world wealth list (the actual control of wealth may exceed the first).
What is the greatest feat of this product? Good people? Crazy about building infrastructure for my hometown. His hometown was originally a devastated, backward and remote town. However, after various repairs, it has not only become a city with a population of 100,000 and two famous universities, but also has complete infrastructure. The locals still call him? The venerable old man Pablo? .
Above _ Pablo? Escobar (1949? 1993 65438+ February 2)
However, compared with his colleague Escobar, Escobar has a big gap. Escobar is one of the most horrible drug dealers in human history. It has an armed force of 40,000 people, ranging from surface-to-surface missiles to various heavy weapons. The goods even bought a Panama island and built an airport on it to transport drugs. The two submarines also transported drugs to Florida, USA.
Escobar established an unprecedented drug kingdom in Colombia. During the period of 1989, Colombia's GDP was less than 40 billion US dollars, but Escobar's drug trafficking group made a profit of 20 billion US dollars, and his personal wealth ranked seventh in the world wealth list with 3 billion US dollars. However, its total value is estimated to be more than that of the richest man in the world. The drug dealer is richer than the country. Is he worthy of the name? Rich as an enemy? .
At that time, the United States and Colombia jointly failed to crack down on the Escobar drug trafficking group many times. Whether it is a raid by hundreds of special armed men or a large-scale bombing, Escobar can always miraculously survive. Even after the chief inspector who chased him in Colombia offered him a reward, he got a reward of $654.38 billion from this product and died.
Above _ Map of Colombia
While expanding their drug empire, these Latin American drug dealers never forget to buy people's hearts. They used a small amount of money from drug trafficking for charity, in exchange for the support of the general public, and some even scolded him? Robin Hood of Latin America? . As a result, it is more difficult for the people to hide drug dealers, regardless of the people.
At the same time, through the continuous merger of other drug trafficking groups, seize the American market and establish a super-large trade network that runs through the United States and other countries. Gangs have their own turf, divide the whole country into criminal areas, and have a set of black order with each other, so it is impossible for Latin American countries to completely eliminate gangs. After all, there is not as much money as others, and the army can't beat it, but the people can't beat it. They can only turn a blind eye.
Cuban missile crisis
There can never be a strong, particularly strong, anti-American neighbor in the backyard of the United States.
Since Latin America became independent from Spain, the United States has been pushing it? Monroe Doctrine? To put it bluntly, Latin America is my backyard, and other countries are not allowed to interfere, while the Soviet Union is just the opposite. All kinds of nails are madly inserted into Latin America, from the Cuban missile crisis to the red organizations in the countries behind, there are shadows of the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. America's strategy for Latin American countries is that if you are strong but obedient, you can stay a little longer, such as a check from Pi Nuo in Chile. If you are still very anti-American, you must find ways to overthrow you, such as Chavez in Venezuela.
So on the surface, this is a drug war. In fact, the United States has two hands to prepare. On the one hand, it helps you fight drug dealers, on the other hand, it forces you to submit. For example, what did the United States do to Colombia? National security plan? Even if some Colombians beat others, in fact, the United States will eventually benefit.
Therefore, gangs in Latin American countries are the product of interests and the sharp weapon of the United States.
Text: Sanqing Miao Yin
References:
Doug Stokes. Another American War: Threatening Colombia
Beatrice, Acebedo. Colombia's plan for ten years: analysis and evaluation. September 2008 16 briefing.
Buckley, Vanessa. Inconsistency of American foreign policy in Colombia.
The text was created by the team of History University Hall, and the pictures originated from the Internet and belonged to the original author.