(1) The first stage: learning western economy and technology. \ r \ The Westernization Movement introduced advanced western technologies and modes of production and founded the first batch of modern enterprises in China, which was the beginning of China's large-scale modernization movement. \r\n(2) The second stage: learning the western political system. \ r \ The Reform Movement of 1898 was aimed at establishing a bourgeois political and economic system, and since then, China's modernization process has entered the political system stage from the economic and technological stage, which is an important attempt of political modernization. The Revolution of 1911 ended more than 2,000 years of absolute monarchy, and the establishment of a democratic republic was a great achievement in the process of China's modernization. \r\n(3) The third stage: learning western ideology and culture. \ r \ The New Culture Movement is a profound ideological and cultural modernization movement. The slogan of democracy and science put forward in the movement has become an important symbol of China's ideological and cultural modernization. \r\n(4) Roots: China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, was oppressed by both foreign capitalism and domestic feudalism. Coupled with the weakness of the national bourgeoisie, China's modernization was repeatedly frustrated and never really realized.