House of flying daggers is a famous large-scale pipa, which can be called a classic in music. The grandeur of music content and style is rare in classical music. This piece of music first appeared in the Chinese Pipa score published by 18 18, and later changed its name to Huaiyin Pingchu in the 13 new Daqu Pipa score edited by 1895.
The music is based on the fact that in 202 BC, when the Chu and Han armies fought a decisive battle in Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province), the Han army ambushed on all sides, thus completely defeating the Chu army and forcing Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang River. Gaixia decisive battle is a famous battle in the history of our country. Pipa's Ambush on Houses shows the fierce situation of this ancient war by means of music, and shows the world a vivid and touching picture of the ancient battlefield.
A mythical god is mentioned in volume 7 of Shan Hai Jing and Overseas Western Classics. "Xingtian fights with Tiandi, and the emperor breaks his head, taking milk as the purpose, doing things carefully and dancing." Later generations said: "The dance of unity is always intense. Chest and abdomen first, what is heaven's punishment for me? " Tao Yuanming also has a poem like "Dance with the fields, always be fierce". Whenever I see these words, it always reminds me of an earth-shattering figure in history. This person is also "always ambitious" and has the extraordinary spirit of "inspiring the mountains". Although he failed in the end, he left a dazzling figure in history. This man is Xiang Yu. If there is a God of War figure in China, Xiang Yu should undoubtedly be the first choice.
Xiang Yu has unparalleled courage and momentum, which is rare in ancient and modern times. He is an indomitable hero, the terminator of the Qin Dynasty. As Tai Shigong said, "(Xiang Yu) took advantage of the situation to rise from Ganmu. In three years, five kings were divided into the world, and the princes were sealed, and the politics came out, and the title was' overlord'. Although the position has not ended, it has never appeared in recent times. " As the terminator of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu created many miracles. For example, in the Battle of Julu, facing Qin Jun, the vassals were all afraid. Only Xiang Yu led the Chu army against the powerful Qin Jun. From November of the third year of Qin Ershi, Xiang Yu was appointed as a general to cross Hebei, until Zhang Han surrendered in July this year, which lasted nine months. Successively adowa Wang Zuojun and Junjun surrendered, which wiped out the main army and created conditions for overthrowing the Qin Dynasty. Another example is the battle of Pengcheng, where Jones broke through and defeated hundreds of thousands of Liu Bang allied forces with 30 thousand people.
However, after breaking the old dynasty, he could not establish a new dynasty. Liu Bang, a humble curator, together with his civilian followers, created a new unified empire, which was unprecedented at that time.
In addition to bravery, Xiang Yu's brutal side is also quite amazing. In the early battle of Xiangcheng, because Qin Jun vowed not to surrender, Xiang Yu "pitted" the soldiers guarding the city after Xiangcheng was breached. After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu ordered the killing of 200,000 Qin Jun soldiers under Zhang Han, the general of Qin State. In the second year of Emperor Gaozu, Xiang Yu also ordered his men to kill Yi Di. Han Sheng, the counselor, failed to convince Xiang Yu, saying, "People say that Chu people bathe monkeys' ears." Immediately cooked and killed by Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu also cooked and killed Liu Bang's imperial adviser Zhou Ke and others.
However, cruelty is not Xiang Yu's fatal wound. Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was that he did not establish a strong political alliance. After Qin's death, the world was in dispute. Xiang Yu once claimed to be the overlord of the place of Xi Chu, and claimed to be the king of the world by cracking the soil. However, after the enfeoffment, the governors were not loyal to themselves. Because of his cruelty and unclear rewards and punishments, he lacks credibility in Wang Zizhong. Less than a few months after I returned to Xuzhou, I was already rebelling. As Jia Yi said, benevolence and righteousness are different from offense and defense. Benevolence here is of course a political means. Xiang Yu is obviously not a person with political wisdom.
When Liu Bang finally fought against Xiang Yu, he met Han Xin and Peng Yue to jointly attack Chu. At that time, neither Han Xin nor Peng Yue sent troops. In the end, Liu Bang promised to give all the land to Han Xin and all the land to Liang, and the two men led the troops. This is not a vassal as an emperor, but an equal field alliance. Therefore, rather than saying that Chu was destroyed by Han and Xiang Yu was defeated by Liu Bang, Xiang Yu was actually destroyed by the allied forces of the vassal States, and Emperor Gaozu was only the leader of the allied forces. Before the two armies merged, Xiang Yu once said to Liu Bang, "People of all ages in Hungary are willing to compete with Hanwang and fight it out, rather than suffer the people and their descendants." Although Liu Bang was a little lost mentally, he didn't care. He smiled and said, "I would rather fight for wisdom than strength." The final victory will always belong to those who have more political wisdom and tactics.
Before 202 BC, the dispute between Chu and Han came to an end. The two sides fought in Gaixia (now south of Lingbi, Anhui), and 300,000 Han troops surrounded ten Wan Chu troops. In order to demoralize the other side, the Chinese side asked the soldiers to sing Chu songs. Most Chu soldiers have been away from home for a long time and are tired of fighting for many years. Some people in the Chu army began to sing bad songs, and their morale was completely shaken. Seeing that the general trend has gone, Xiang Yu is also at his wit's end. He sang to Ji: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry, and if you are unfavorable, you will not die." What can I do without dying? What is this? "Han soldiers are in a hurry," said Yu Ji. "There are songs all around. Your majesty is exhausted. How can a concubine live? " After singing, he drew his sword and committed suicide. Xiang Yu later fled to Wujiang River. Facing the turbulent river, he looked up at the sky and sighed, "It is not a crime to kill me today." So he drew his sword and committed suicide.
According to this battle, later generations produced two sets of famous pipa, Wu Qu's House of Flying Daggers and Farewell My Concubine. Ambush on Houses and Dismantling the Armor of Overlord are the predecessors of Pipa Music in Chu and Han Dynasties in Ming Dynasty. This piece of music is vividly described in the biography of Tang Pipa written by Wang Youding in Ming Dynasty for Tang Yingzeng, a pipa player in Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of this song, it was a decisive battle between the two armies. For a moment, "the voice of heaven and earth, the roof of the house flies." "Golden sound, drums sound, sword sound, Ma Yi sound" came and went, and then there was silence. It can be known that a mournful Song of Chu sounded, and Xiang Yu, the last hero, uttered the sound of elegy and generosity, the sound of farewell to my concubine, followed by the sound of osawa chasing horses, the sound of King Wujiang committing suicide, and I rode a horse to fight for a Wang Sheng.
Chu and Han later evolved into two different versions: the house of flying daggers and the overlord's disarming. Although they reflect the same historical theme, the ideas of the two songs are completely different. The protagonists of the house of flying daggers are Liu Bang and the Han army, and the key contents are the house of flying daggers, the small battle of Jiming Mountain, and the Jiulishan War. Music is high, exciting and magnificent. Xiang Yu and Li Jun are the protagonists in "Overlord Dismantling Armor", and the key passages are "Chu Song" and "Concubine". The music is solemn and stirring, focusing on Xiang Yu's farewell to Kyrgyzstan in the embattled scene. The former is a hymn and the latter is an elegy.
Du Mu's poem "Wujiang Xiangyu Temple" said: "The military commander has no winning or losing, and Bao is a shy person. How handsome the children of Jiangdong are, it is not known that they will make a comeback. " Du Mu sympathized with Xiang Yu. He believes that winning or losing is "unpredictable" and it is common for military strategists. Suppose Xiang Yu crosses the river, he may make a comeback like he did when he fought Qin. But Wang Anshi did the opposite. He said in "Diewujiang Pavilion": "The brave have been through many battles, and it is difficult to return to the Central Plains after defeat. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, who will make a comeback for the king? " Wang Anshi and Du Mu have opposite views. Du Fu's poems, however, show a desire to live and die, which is even more exciting to read.
Whether it is piano music or poetry, there are two different ideas. Some viewpoints of later generations praised Liu Xiang and praised Liu Bang. Others suppressed Liu Yangxian and offered an elegy for Xiang Yu. This opposition reflects two different views of heroic history. That is, different attitudes towards the historical terminator and the historical builder.
In fact, "there are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback" is just a sigh of the literati. At that time, the whole world was against Qiang Qin, and the overlord of Chu defeated the army of the Qin Empire almost by himself, giving orders to the whole world and not daring to disobey it. Now Liu Bang is leading the world, and he is betraying his relatives. The war lasts for a long time, the world is settled and the situation is changeable. The situation at that time was not the same as that of 800 Jiangdong children fighting against Qin. Xiang Yu has completely lost the capital to compete for the world. Zhu Guangqian said: "Tragic characters generally have extraordinary strength, strong will and indomitable spirit. They often represent a certain strength or ideal and persist with superhuman determination and perseverance. " Xiang Yu refused to admit his mistake until he died, saying, "God damn it, fighting is not a crime." Maybe this is Xiang Yu.
In the treble of House of Flying Daggers, it is not only the cheerful horn of the winner, but also the transcendent spirit of the loser.