Historical achievements:

1 is the first general history of biographical style in the history of China and the founder of biographical style.

2. Historical Records has preserved a wealth of historical materials.

3. Historical Records has a progressive view of history.

4. Historical Records established the scale of general history. That is, the convergence of time, region and content.

5. "Historian's swan song, the rhyme of Li Sao"-Lu Xun's language

-Historical Records created a magnificent thematic atmosphere, laid an independent foundation for China's historiography, standardized the research object and scope of China's ancient historiography, established the basic research methods of China's feudal historiography, promoted the development of China's ancient historiography theory system, and had a great and far-reaching impact on the formation and development of China's fine historiography tradition.

Literary achievements:

Historical Records is not only a great historical book, but also an excellent literary masterpiece and a model of biographical literature. Its writing is vivid, the characters are vivid and the discussion is wonderful.

Second, we should change manners with the development of the times.

King Wuling of Zhao not only expounded the principles and principles of etiquette, but also pointed out the urgency of reform through the analysis of the situation. He first expounded the surrounding situation of Zhao and the characteristics of the military forces of neighboring countries, and then expounded Zhao's coping strategies in the face of these international situations, which made people feel that Zhao's situation at that time was difficult to cope with the complicated situation of military struggle, so the desire to reform etiquette and military system naturally arose. In this way, the changing concept of "Khufu riding and shooting" naturally entered the audience's mind.

Through this article, we can realize three problems:

1. Change is forced out.

2. Cultural change and institutional change are similar in path choice and strategy choice.

3. Institutional change depends on power, while cultural change depends on influence. The two depend on different things.

4. To change people's psychological feelings about novel and alternative things, it is enough to use the demonstration of influential people, similar to star advertisements, which are particularly effective for "the broad masses of the people".

5. The change of King Wuling of Zhao diluted the cultural concept of "the distinction between Chinese and foreigners" at that time, paving the way for promoting the process of national integration and the emergence of national cultural unity after Qin and Han Dynasties.

Practical significance: It is necessary to change etiquette with the development of the times, but it is not so easy to change itself. This article gives us great inspiration and ideas, and provides an effective case for us to promote the great development of China culture.

3. The Chronicle of Qin Shihuang focuses on the activities of Qin Shihuang and Qin Ershi, and is narrated year by year. Simple and complex, repetitive summary. After reading it through, it not only gives people the original appearance of history, but also makes people feel that everything is historical necessity, and the images of two generations of emperors are vividly presented in front of them. In writing Qin Shihuang, firstly, he briefly described the process of deploying troops and dispatching troops to attack and annex the six countries on the basis of the previous generation's great victory, interspersed with events such as smashing Laoai Lv Buwei Group, Li Si's letter to remonstrate, Wei Fanzhi and Jing Ke's assassination. Then he described his words, deeds and events after unifying the world in turn. On the one hand, he listed such things as discussing the Emperor's number, changing the calendar to serve the color, unifying the laws in the 36 counties in the world, unified measurement, unifying the writing, touring the stone carvings, taking the land of Lvliang in the south, attacking the Huns in the north, building the Great Wall, debating the ancient learning of Xianyang Palace today, burning books and burying Confucianism, and so on. On the other hand, Qin Shihuang did not hesitate to send people into the sea to seek immortality, build Epang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum, and kill innocent people at will. Through the above, it is not only Qin Shihuang's political and military talents, but also his style of respecting talents, as well as his ignorance, absurdity, tyranny and cruelty. He did not hesitate to spend human resources and wealth in order to enjoy happiness before his death. There are many typical examples, which supplement the temperament of the first emperor by narration or borrowing from others, and they are all vividly written. In this way, the image of Qin Shihuang, an outstanding monarch and a cruel tyrant, was vividly outlined. When describing Qin Ershi, we attach great importance to it, and deliberately narrate the details of his plot to usurp power with Zhao Gao after the death of Qin Shihuang, as well as his extreme cruelty and decay, vividly and profoundly exposing the ugly face of a fatuous tyrant and schemer. In particular, Zhao Gao killed II and Zi Ying killed Zhao Gao, full of twists and turns, full of the author's deep hatred for II and Zhao Gao.

The general trend of historical development is always more and more progressive. Sima Qian, with his simple historical materialism, runs through the whole Chronicle of Qin Shihuang with the idea of examining the history of success or failure of the Qin Dynasty, which not only shows people the life of Qin Shihuang, a feudal emperor with great fame and ruin, but also explores the reasons for the unified demise of the Qin Dynasty. In his comments at the end of the article, he quoted Jia Yi, a political commentator in the Western Han Dynasty, and praised him: "It is better than Jia Sheng. The so-called "crossing Qin" is to criticize Qin's fault. " "On Qin" is a magnificent and infectious political paper. The reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty is that "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the offensive and defensive trends are different", which has certain reference significance for us to understand the history of the Qin Dynasty.

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