After the May 4th Movement, Marxism was further spread, and the voice of fundamentally transforming China society was growing. This aroused the opposition of the bourgeois reformists. 19 19 in July, Hu Shi published the article "study more problems and talk less about" ism "in issue 3 1 of Weekly Review. He believes that "it is extremely easy to talk about good' ism', what a cat and a dog can do, what a parrot and a phonograph can do." He advocated "less Marxism", opposed the propaganda of Marxism, and denied the guiding role of Marxism in China revolution. Hu Shi advocated "studying more problems", opposed "fundamentally solving" China's social problems, and advocated improving them bit by bit. In August of the same year, Li Dazhao published Re-discussion on Problems and Doctrine in the 35th issue of Weekly Review, pointing out that problems and Doctrine are inseparable. " On the one hand, our social movements must study practical problems, on the other hand, they must also publicize idealism. " In response to Hu Shi's opposition to "fundamental solution", he pointed out that "there must be a fundamental solution before we can hope to solve all specific problems one by one." The "dispute between problem and doctrine" marks the open split between Marxism and reformism within the United front of the New Culture Movement. Through arguments, early Marxists further clarified the relationship between Marxism and China Revolution and expanded the influence of Marxism.

2 trendy 19 19 1, (1) Fu Sinian, Luo Jialun, a student of Peking University, and other organizations founded trendy club, which was supported by Hu Shi, Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu. (2 points) Hold high the banner of "ethical revolution" and "literary revolution", advocate individual liberation and freedom of marriage, and respond to the vernacular movement. (2 points) After the May 4th Movement, the positive role has been weakened.

At the 7th meeting, on 3 August:

1emergency meeting held by the Central Committee in Hankou on August 7, 927. In their speeches, the delegates criticized Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism. Mao Zedong made an important speech at the meeting and put forward the conclusion that "political power is obtained from the barrel of a gun". The meeting passed the "China * * * Party Central Executive Committee party member to the whole party" and other bills. Finally, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's leading organs re-elected the provisional the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. The August 7th meeting corrected Chen Duxiu's right capitulationism at the critical juncture of the China revolution, determined the general policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and decided to mobilize farmers to hold an autumn harvest uprising.

4 Daiism

1In June and July, 1925, Dai, a member of the Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, published two pamphlets, The Philosophical Basis of Sun Wen Doctrine and The National Revolution and the Kuomintang of China, and put forward a set of systematic theories against tolerance policies in the name of expounding the Three People's Principles. The emergence of Daiism is the manifestation of the bourgeoisie's attempt to split the United front when the revolutionary climax comes. It not only promoted the formation of the new right wing of the Kuomintang, made theoretical and public opinion preparations for its anti-seizure of power, but also encouraged the counter-revolutionary activities of the old right wing of the Kuomintang, and ideologically United the new and old right wings of the Kuomintang, which had a great destructive effect on the revolutionary United front. Dai's reactionary views were savagely attacked by producers.

5 Reasons and lessons of the failure of the first national revolution

The national revolutionary movement period is also called the Great Revolution period and the first revolutionary civil war period. During this period, the warlord melee instigated and supported by imperialism was expanding, the economy was depressed, people's lives were miserable, and the two major contradictions in China society-ethnic contradiction and class contradiction tended to converge. The basic contradiction in society is the contradiction between the people of China and the agent of imperialism in China, Beiyang Warlords. 1924 the first congress of the Kuomintang marked the realization of cooperation between the two parties, the establishment of the United front of all revolutionary classes, and the gradual rise of the national revolutionary movement (Great Revolution). The May 30th Movement represented the climax of the national revolution. Driven by the workers' and peasants' movement, Guangdong achieved reunification and became the base of the Northern Expedition. The Northern Expeditionary Army triumphed, and the revolution advanced from the Pearl River basin to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which greatly dealt a blow to imperialist and feudal forces and promoted the development of the workers and peasants' movement. The national government moved to Wuhan. When the revolution deepened and the contradiction with Beiyang warlords was about to be resolved, new contradictions rose and intensified rapidly. The Kuomintang right-wingers in the United front colluded with the imperialist comprador and the big bourgeoisie to split and betray the revolution. Chiang Kai-shek took the lead in launching the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary event in Shanghai. Wang Jingwei launched the July 15th counter-revolutionary event in Wuhan from 65438 to 0927, which marked the first comprehensive breakdown of cooperation between the two countries. China is still a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the Great Revolution failed.

6 legal tender

Legal tender is the legal tender issued by the National Government of China from 65438 to 0935, ending the silver-based currency system used in China for nearly 500 years. Later, due to the hyperinflation caused by the issuance of a large number of legal tender, it was replaced by gold certificates at 1948. Some people think that the legal tender issued by the national bank and guaranteed by the national credit decoupled the currency from the precious metals with fluctuating prices, which was a progressive financial system reform in China at that time; This is also a feature of modern national financial system. The issuance of legal tender unifies the domestic currency, while the control of currency issuance falls in the hands of the government, and the domestic hard currency such as silver is therefore concentrated in the hands of the government. Legal tender played an indispensable role in maintaining China's finance during the Anti-Japanese War. However, the actual effect of the implementation is that government-run banks plundered people's wealth and destroyed people's savings.

7 Zunyi Conference

1935 1 month, the Zunyi meeting held by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee on the way to the Long March established the leading position of comrades in the Red Army and the Party Central Committee, which enabled the Red Army and the Party Central Committee to survive under extremely critical circumstances, and later defeated Zhang's separatist forces, successfully completed the Long March and opened a new situation in the China revolution. This is a turning point in the history of the party.

Briefly describe the historical significance of Zunyi Conference. Wang Ming's "Left" opportunism rule was ended: (3) the correct leadership with Mao Zedong as the core was established; (3 points) Saved the Red Army and the China Revolution; (2 points) marks the beginning of China's political maturity.

8 the significance of the new culture movement:

1), which shook the dominant position of feudal thought and liberated people's minds as never before. The early New Culture Movement shook the dominant position of feudal orthodoxy and set off a wave of social ideological emancipation.

2) Carrying forward the democratic and scientific ideas and promoting the development of natural science in China.

The New Culture Movement is a fierce struggle between bourgeois culture and feudal culture, and a continuation of the Revolution of 1911 in the ideological and cultural fields. The New Culture Movement was a great emancipation of the mind, a baptism of democracy and science, and promoted the progress of China's history. But only by raising the banner of socialism can we find a new way to revitalize China. The establishment of the New Culture Movement-the May 4th Patriotic Movement-the China Producer Party constituted the great beginning of China's new-democratic revolution.

3) It played a role in ideological propaganda and mobilization for the outbreak of the May 4th Movement.

4) The socialist ideology spread in the later period was accepted by advanced intellectuals in China as an ideological weapon to save the country and transform society.

5) Conducive to the popularization and prosperity of culture.

6), there is an absolute positive or negative bias towards the eastern and western cultures, which has been affected until later.

9 lion awakening school

The left wing of the Kuomintang and the producers of China who cooperated with the Kuomintang at that time were also called nationalists. They believed that nationalism was a very reactionary thought aroused by the high tide of proletarian revolution after the European war. Nationalism was a running dog of imperialism, a deadly enemy of national movements, a great collection of counter-revolutionary undertakings and the crystallization of the most reactionary forces. The main representatives of the nationalists are the Chinese Youth Party founded in France by some members of the Youth China Society founded in the May 4th Movement, and the weekly "Wake Up the Lion" co-founded by its leaders Ceng Qi and Li Huang after returning to China with Zuo Shunsheng, so the nationalists are also called the Lion Wake-up School.

10 Briefly describe the influence of the Central Plains War. (1) Chiang Kai-shek established a dominant position in military politics: (2) the anti-Chiang faction lost its power to seize the Central Plains (the integration faction and the two-mountain conference faction disappeared); ③ The regime of one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang was fixed by law: ④ A large number of northeast troops entered the customs, and Japan's ambition to occupy the northeast was even more inflated; Bring great disaster to the people: objectively create favorable opportunities for the development of the revolution.

1 1 "the armed regime of workers and peasants" China's summary of China's revolutionary road theory. Its basic content is the trinity of armed struggle, agrarian revolution and base construction. Armed struggle is the main form of revolution, agrarian revolution is the main content and foundation of democratic revolution, and base areas are the support for armed struggle and agrarian revolution.

12 Xi event

Because the Nanjing National Government, represented by Chiang Kai-shek, went its own way and constantly mobilized heavy troops to enter Shaanxi, forcing Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to "suppress * * *". In a dilemma, Zhang and Yang resolutely remonstrated militarily and launched the An Incident on June 30th, 2002, which shocked China and foreign countries. The Xi 'an incident was resolved peacefully through the efforts of the China Communist Party and other forces. The peaceful settlement of the Xi incident has become the pivot to change the current situation, creating the necessary preconditions for the second national cooperation and the establishment of the anti-Japanese national United front.

13 rectification movement

The China * * * Production Party launched a Marxism-Leninism universal education movement throughout the Party. It was carried out three times at 1942, 1950 and 1957, of which 1942 was the most famous one. Therefore, the rectification movement usually refers to the Yan 'an rectification movement.

143 20 Incident An incident created by Chiang Kai-shek aimed at cracking down on the * * * production party, strengthening the reactionary forces and usurping the revolutionary leadership. 1on March 20th, 926, Jiang falsely accused the * * * production party of plotting to riot, occupied the Navy Bureau, arrested party member, surrounded the Soviet consultant's residence, and realized part of the plot to usurp power.

Basically, these.