1. Transition period to socialism: 1949 ~ 1956. Pursuing the remnants of the enemy, resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, land reform, suppressing counter-revolutionaries, three major transformations of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, the first five-year plan.

2. Ten years of exploration: 1956 ~ 1966. Rectification movement, anti-rightist struggle, Great Leap Forward and people's commune movement, anti-rightist struggle, three years of economic difficulties.

3. Cultural Revolution: 1966 ~ 1976. Educated youth went to the countryside, and cadres were decentralized. Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary group in Lin Biao was not seen for many years, and the national economy rebounded twice in the overall decline (Zhou Enlai 1973, Deng Xiaoping 1975).

4. Socialist modernization: 1978 ~ now. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, bringing order out of chaos, economic system reform, opening to the outside world, characteristic socialist road, and one country, two systems.