Where are the ancient famous cities such as Xianyang now?

Classification: Education/Science >> Science and Technology

Problem description:

Another example is Bashu and other places. Where were Zhao Yan, Han Wei and Song Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period?

Please elaborate, thank you.

Analysis:

Xianyang is near Xi today.

Seven ancient capitals:

Chang 'an: Today's Xi.

Luoyang

Kaifeng: the capital of Song Dynasty

Hangzhou: Lin 'an.

Beijing: Yanji, Jinzhongdu, Yuandadu and Beiping in the early Ming Dynasty, and Shi Jing in the Ming Dynasty.

Nanjing: Jinling and Jiankang.

Anyang: namely Yin Ruins

Chu:

Due to historical reasons, the capital of Chu moved many times, and the number and frequency of moving the capital were incomparable to other governors in the early Zhou Dynasty.

1, Danyang: Xiong Yi first lived here and now lives in Zigui or zhijiang city, Hubei Province.

2. Du Ying: Chu Wenwang (referring to Chu Wuwang) moved here from Danyang, northwest of Jingsha, Hubei.

3. Tandu: King Zhao of Chu moved from Ying, southeast of Yicheng, Hubei.

4. Du Yan: Chu Wanghui once lived here, in Yicheng, Hubei.

5. Chen Dou: Qing Xiang, king of Chu, moved here in the 20th year, and now he is in Huaiyang, Henan.

6. Ju Yang: King Gao Lie of Chu moved here ten years ago, in the north of Fuyang.

7. Shouchun: King Gao Lie of Chu moved here in the twenty-second year, now Shouxian County, Anhui Province.

Zhao Guo:

The capital was originally in Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), and Zhao Xianzi moved to the capital when he acceded to the throne in 424 BC.

Zhongmou (now Hebi West, Henan). In 386 BC, Zhao moved the capital to Handan (now Handan, Hebei).

Qi:

The capital is in Linzi (now Linzi, Shandong Province, West Linzi, North Linzi).

Qin:

The capital was originally in Yong (now Fengxiang East, Shaanxi) and moved to Jingyang (now northwest of Jingyang, Shaanxi). In 383 BC, the Qin Dynasty.

In the second reform of Weiyang in 350 BC, Gong Xian moved the capital to Liyang (now southeast of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province) and Xianyang (now Maowanggou to Baijiazui in the northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).

Guo Yan:

The capital is Ji (now southwest of Beijing).

Guo Wei:

The capital was originally in Anyi (now Wang Yu Village, northwest of Xia County, Shaanxi Province). At the beginning of the Warring States Period, after occupying the central part of Henan, it moved to Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) in 36 1 year BC (the ninth year of Wei Huiwang).

South Korea:

The capital was originally in Pingyang (now northwest of Linfen, Shanxi). According to legend, Han Wuzi moved his capital to Yiyang (now west of Yiyang City, Henan Province), and then moved his capital to Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) in Hou Jing. In 375 BC, Han Aihou destroyed the State of Zheng and established Zheng as its capital (now Xinzheng, Henan).

In addition:

Yue Guo:

Moved the capital to Langya (now Langya Taiwan in the southwest of Jiaonan, Shandong Province), and moved the capital in 378 BC (thirty-three years of Emperor Taizu of Yue).

Back to Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu).

The remaining small countries:

1, Song State: a part of the land between today's southeastern Henan Province and today's Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. The capital was originally in Suiyang (now southwest of Shangqiu City, Henan Province).

In the early Warring States period, Song Zhaogong and Song Daogong may move their capital to Pengcheng.

2. Lu: There is now the southeastern part of Shandong Province, with Qufu as its capital (now Qufu, Shandong Province).

In today's central Henan, the capital is Zheng.

4. Defending the country: In the north between Henan Province and Shandong Province, Puyang is the capital city.

5. Juguo: There are Anqiu, Zhucheng, Yishui, Juxian and Rizhao counties in Shandong, and its capital is Juxian (now Juxian, Shandong).

6. Zou Guo: There are counties such as Fei, Zou, Teng, Jining and Jinxiang in Shandong, and the capital is Zou (south of Juxian County, Shandong Province).

7. Zhou Dynasty: During the Warring States Period, only Luoyang, Yanshi, Gong, Ruyang and the area on the other side of the Yellow River in present-day wen county. Its capital became Zhou (now Henan Luo)

Yang Dongbei).

8. Qi State: In the northeast of Anqiu City, Shandong Province today.

9. Cai Guo: In the north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province.

10, Tan Guo: Now there is the southwest of Shandong Tancheng.

1 1, Ren Guo: There is now the northern part of Jining, Shandong.

12, Tengguo: Located in the southwest of tengxian, Anhui Province.

13, Guo Xue: located in the southeast of tengxian.

14, Guo Fei: the eastern part of Feixian County, Shandong Province.

15,: Zou Biefeng's territory is in the east of Tengxian County, Shandong Province and the northwest of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province.

16, Zeng Guo: In the early Warring States period, it occupied Suixian-Anlu area in Hubei and established Xiyang (southwest of Guangshan, Henan) as its capital.

17, Gou Guo: In the northwest of Cangshan Mountain, Shandong Province, it was destroyed by Ju Guo in 567 BC, then revived, and was destroyed by Yue in 450 BC.

18, Pizhou: The junction of Danshui and Yishui should be in the south of Shandong Province, east of Song State and south of Tan State.

Please refer to the following website for the atlas of Spring and Autumn and Warring States:

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On the situation in Pakistan:

Pakistan and Ba Du.

From the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the beginning of the Warring States Period, after entering the area west of the Three Gorges, Ba people gradually conquered and integrated the indigenous peoples in the Yangtze River, Wujiang River and Jialing River basins, and controlled a large area connecting Hanzhong in the north, Qianfu in the south, Fengjie in the east and Yibin in the west. They established a country with a vast territory, many nationalities and rich products with Chongqing as the center, which was called "Pakistan" in history.

Regarding the capital of Pakistan, Huayang Guozhi said: "Although Bazi is the capital of Jiangzhou, it governs Dianjiang or Pingdu, and then Langzhong." Jiangzhou is the urban area of Chongqing today, Dianjiang is Hechuan today, Pingdu is Fengdu today, and Langzhong is ancient and modern. Why do Pakistanis keep changing the location of the capital? This can be explained by the historical connotation that the Ba people marched westward from the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and finally retreated to Langzhong and died. In other words, the Ba people first moved from Fengjie to the west, and once founded the country in today's Fengdu. Later, due to the continuous advancement of Chu's forces, he was forced to move westward to today's Chongqing and build his capital here.

In addition to documentary records, the cultural relics unearthed underground are also a kind of evidence that the Ba people built their capital in Chongqing today. Needless to say, in the mid-1980s, archaeologists excavated Baqing bronze weapons from the Warring States Period in Siqianmen, Yuzhong District, including willow swords, crossbows and arrows. A more important discovery was made when chengdu-chongqing railway was built in the early 1950s. At that time, more than 20 boat coffins with Pakistani cultural characteristics were unearthed in Dongsunba, Jiulongpo District. The canoe-shaped coffin was dug with a whole piece of wood, and the bronze weapons and swords were: shotgun, spear, ge, etc. It can now be inferred that the coffin tombs of Dongsunba are the graves of soldiers who guarded the West Gate of Ba Du in those days.

In the middle and late Warring States period, due to the continuous westward advance of Chu's forces, a situation of "Jiangzhou is the east and its people are half Chu" was formed. The monarch and ministers of Pakistan had to move their capital to the northwest, first stationed in Hechuan today, and later called Dulangzhong, and finally destroyed Qin in 3 16 BC.

About the situation of ancient Shu:

2 1 year, after staying for nine or two months, I set foot on this mysterious continent ... At that time, the monarch was a sunset and one of the ten tigers. At that time, the ten tigers from Shen to Shu was the number one news in the world at that time. It was a pleasant conversation from Shen to Shu. In fact, ten tigers robbed Shu successfully. :P

Shu also had some strength before the Ten Tigers settled in, because the country name (mostly in Sichuan) attracted many players to join. It constitutes Light Dance, Paley $ Boy, Mo Wen' s Return, Dark Pegasus, and President Bush! The national cabinet headed by Ebri. But play $ boy, President Bush! Ebri doesn't like the state power being dominated by outsiders, so Shu has great strength on the surface after the Ten Tigers joined, but in fact, it is difficult to make a difference because of internal chaos and scattered combat power. The indifference of the old people in Shu and the enthusiasm of the local cabinet finally made the Ten Tigers enter the local account two years later. However, the brief arrival of the Ten Tigers in Shu greatly promoted the establishment of the mainland bonfire alliance three years later, which is another story.

Twenty-three years after the Ten Tigers left, Xiaole succeeded to the throne (in fact, it was also robbing Shu, and I don't understand why so many people robbed Shu at that time). Because Xiaole's strength is too strong, the old people in Shu have to make superficial efforts and accept this second uninvited king. The arrival of Xiaole brought vitality and vigor to Shu, and also directly contributed to the establishment of the mainland bonfire alliance. At this time, the national strength of Shu reached an unprecedented strength. In the next 25 years, Xiaole succeeded to the throne. Xiaole' s open-minded personality and unique affinity quickly won the favor of young generals and Mesozoic, but he played $ TERM $BOY, President Bush! Efrie three people are always unwilling to open their hearts and really accept Xiaole. The old monarch danced lightly and was honest and steady, but because of his years of friendship with the above three people, he had to stand on the side of anti-Xiaole. In fact, with Xiaole's strength, he doesn't have to consider the unhappiness of those people at all and continue to succeed him as monarch, but he doesn't want unhappy voices in this country, he likes happiness! So, he will leave ... He declined to return, and left Shu because of the retention of Mesozoic generals such as Yu! But those three narrow-minded people never imagined that Xiaole's departure also sounded the death knell of Shu. At that time, almost all the young generals of Shu and Mesozoic followed Xiaole to Qiuci. We set up a secret organization "Amber Mountain Villa" and paid more than 200 yuan, so our strength should not be underestimated. At this time, Shu has become an empty shell that can't afford 20 yuan! A prosperous Shu state collapsed. . .

Looking back, imagine that if Xiaole stays, Shu will step into the forest of powerful countries; Perhaps many countries have the strength to pay more than 200 yuan, but if we consider the mainland bonfire alliance at that time and the life-and-death alliance established by the elderly in Shuzhong, then a good diplomatic environment is not available in every country! A country, a collective, her success is no accident. The mind, tolerance and enthusiasm of a leader are the most basic elements of success. Unfortunately, the leaders of Shu did not have these, and even missed an opportunity.

The opportunity to become a powerful country!

Ancient Shu people and ancient Shu civilization have always been an eternal mystery that archaeologists try to solve. What species did the ancient Sichuanese come from 3000~5000 years ago? What is their racial structure and ethnic composition?

These are all suspense left by the ancient Shu people.

Recently, it was reported that researchers from Chengdu Institute of Archaeology will use DNA technology to analyze the bones of ancient Shu people unearthed. Can the species and genera of ancient nationalities in Sichuan and their migration, differentiation and integration be verified? Can the mystery of ancient Shu people be solved?

In the distant history, how many legends have happened in Chengdu Plain? Are the well-known legends such as Can Cong's long-term view, deifying the fish fairy, Du Yuhua's cuckoo, enlightenment and resurrection the true history of ancient Shu?

People will doubt it for a long time. The whole history of ancient Shu is full of mystery.

Archaeological findings show that the migration of ancient Shu people is regular and periodic. What forced them to make such a choice?

In the late Neolithic period about 3700 ~4500 years ago, there was a relatively developed Neolithic culture in Chengdu Plain, which archaeologists called "Baodun Culture". Baodun people who live here are the earliest pioneers here.

Jiang Zhanghua, deputy director and researcher of Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, told the reporter that archaeology found that there were many large and small settlement villages in Chengdu Plain during Baodun period, and rammed earth walls were built in the larger villages. However, it is puzzling that these rammed wall settlements have not been used for a long time, but have been abandoned regularly and periodically.

What forced boon edam to make such a choice?

"The biggest possibility at that time was the need for survival." Jiang Zhanghua believes that in about 800 years, Baodun people have followed the same mode of production from generation to generation. "Judging from the production tools of archaeological discoveries, there is almost no change." In their view, this mode of production is enough to maintain a happy life that satisfies them, and naturally there is no urgent need to change. They cut down forests and engage in simple agricultural farming within their power. However, after a period of time, the land became barren due to consumption. When it can't support the life of Baodun people, they have to leave their homeland and find another rich land to rebuild their homes.

"If it is not particularly urgent and special reasons, perhaps Baodun people will continue their quiet days. However, about 3700 years ago, the situation changed. Archaeology has confirmed that an external force has broken this silence and a new historical period has arrived. "

Around 3200, Sanxingdui culture, which was in its heyday, had a sudden change, and the reasons for its decline troubled the archaeological community.

According to Jiang Zhanghua, the so-called "new historical period" began about 3700 years ago. A new culture has entered the Chengdu Plain. This is generally regarded as Xia culture by academic circles. Therefore, great changes have taken place in the culture of Chengdu Plain, forming Sanxingdui culture.

One of the most influential discoveries in the archaeological history of China took place here. In the summer of 1986, two grave pits that shocked the world were discovered, and nearly 2,000 cultural relics were unearthed, including all kinds of gold, copper, jade and ivory. Although the age and nature of the two pits are still controversial in academic circles, it is an indisputable fact that Sanxingdui is a highly developed civilization reflected by cultural relics.

However, in the late Shang Dynasty about 3,200 years ago, the vibrant Sanxingdui culture suddenly changed, and the Sanxingdui capital, which had been prosperous for hundreds of years, was reduced to ruins for a time. "Archaeology found that pottery with typical Sanxingdui cultural style began to disappear at this time, replaced by a large number of pointed bottom pottery. The custom of divination with tortoise shells is also a phenomenon that Sanxingdui does not have. " Jiang Zhanghua said.

What on earth caused all this? Why is Sanxingdui Capital Abandoned? Is it cultural innovation, social change or political change?

He told reporters that the pointed-bottom cup was popular in western Hubei in the early and middle period of Shang Dynasty. It was a typical pottery used by the Ba people in the early period, and it was also the custom of the Ba people to use tortoise shells for divination.

According to him, when Sanxingdui culture was at its strongest, it was east to western Hubei, but its center was still in Chengdu Plain, and the influence of the Yangtze River in eastern Sichuan and western Hubei was very weak. At this time, in western Hubei, a culture represented by the use of pointed-bottomed cups and pots developed and flourished, which was the early Ba people. Gradually, the Ba people pushed the power of Sanxingdui out of western Hubei. At the end of Sanxingdui culture, somehow, Ba people suddenly gave up this long-growing homeland of western Hubei, moved along Jiangxi and occupied eastern Sichuan. ...

After Sanxingdui, where did the capital of ancient Shu move? The discovery of "Jinshalin Site" made the answer surface.

After Sanxingdui capital was abandoned, where did the ancient Shu capital move? Archaeologists have been deeply puzzled by this mystery.

On February 8th, 20001year, jade cong, jade bi, jade Zhang, jade ge, stone man, gold foil, bronze ware and a large number of ivory were found in the sewer construction site of Chengdu Real Estate Development Company, which excited archaeologists.

"This is definitely not a general reconciliation. From the analysis of a large number of unearthed ritual vessels, only the ancient Shu capital is worthy. " Jiang Zhanghua said. He introduced that archaeologists named this site "Jinsha Village Site" and conducted a detailed investigation. After more than two years of hard excavation, a large number of unprecedented cultural relics and remains have been exposed.

The scale of the site is beyond people's imagination, and there are more than 4 square kilometers that can be confirmed at present. Within the scope of 4 square kilometers, there are unrelated residential areas, cemeteries and central religious sacrificial places.

Inferred by researchers, the whereabouts of the ancient Shu capital finally surfaced from the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Boat coffin burial is a unique burial custom of Ba people and Shu people during the Warring States Period. When the coffin was buried, most members of the Shu royal family died young. ...

After experiencing the splendor of Sanxingdui and Jinsha, history entered the Warring States period when the Seven Chivalrous Men competed for hegemony. Archaeologists have discovered a large number of ancient Shu tombs in this period.

Jiang Zhanghua told reporters that the most distinctive burial tool in this period was the boat coffin. The so-called ship coffin is to cut off about one-third of the whole piece of wood first, and then carve it into the shape of a canoe, which is used as a funeral instrument, and the body and funerary objects are packed inside. This kind of coffin is generally a single coffin or a double coffin with a vertical pit, and its length is about 5 meters.

This unique coffin was first discovered in 1954. Then, a large number of such tombs were discovered in Sichuan. This is a unique burial custom of Ba people and Shu people in the Warring States period.

So far, the biggest coffin burial was discovered by accident in July 2000 when the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee was building an office canteen in Chengdu Commercial Street. This is the tomb of the Shu Wang family in the early Warring States period. The tomb pit is 30.5 meters long and 20.3 meters wide. There are more than 30 coffins made of nanmu in the same grave. The longest coffin is 18.8 meters, and the big coffin is nanmu with a diameter of about 1.5 meters, which has grown for thousands of years.

According to reports, more than 30 human bones have been unearthed in the coffin tomb of the commercial street. According to preliminary identification, there are men and women. But what puzzles archaeologists is that "the tomb owners are generally young, except for two women aged about 35 and two men aged about 30, most of them are between15 and 20 years old, and there are minors".

How can so many people of Shu royal family die young?