China, Asia, magnificent mountains and rivers, outstanding people. She is not only famous for its long history and civilization, but also a country with a profound patriotic tradition. In the long history of China, the patriotism of China people has always been a great cohesion and centripetal force of our nation, which is continuous and innovative. Since the Opium War, China has been invaded by capitalist powers, and China society has started the historical process of modernization in a passive state. China people's patriotism has been inherited, developed and revitalized under the new historical conditions.

With its new historical features, it inspires and inspires the people of China to write a new chapter in the history of national independence, social progress and China's rejuvenation.

First, oppose aggression and safeguard independence. The Chinese nation is a nation that loves independence and freedom and will never yield to foreign aggression and slavery. The Opium War was an aggressive war launched by capitalist Britain, and it was also an anti-aggression war launched by the people of China to defend national independence and national dignity. When Britain, known as the "workshop of the world", was invaded by modern force, the people of China were fearless and unwilling to yield, bravely resisted the enemy and opposed surrender, which became the core content of patriotism during the Opium War. "The reputation of being a worker is awesome. A sage is better than a hundred thousand teachers." In the great anti-smoking movement and the anti-British struggle, Lin Zexu, who had the thought of patriotism and love for the people, became the first national hero in modern China. He was ordered to go to Guangdong to ban opium. "I know this election is a fire in the soup, and I have put my blessing and honor aside." I am determined to "save the Central Plains from this great disaster."

"Suffering" showed the whole world the pure morality of the people of China and their determination to oppose aggression. The magnificent picture of opium extermination in Humen is engraved on the Monument to the People's Heroes in Yao 'anmen Square, which will be remembered in the hearts of China people forever as the first chapter of modern patriotic epic.

"Angry and brave because of righteousness", "Home must be guarded". In the face of the brutal invasion of the British army, the people in Sanyuanli were thunderous and hand in hand.

Qi Xin joined hands to "destroy the strong" with plows, hoes and simple weapons. "If you are ordered to suppress thieves, you will not hesitate to' die for your country'. this

It is the thought of loyalty to serve the country of Guan and Chen Huacheng. "Keeping the righteousness of a scholar must not die." Rich national conditions

Cao Yao and other patriotic civil servants can also go to the countryside together. In the bloody battle between Zhangpu and Zhenjiang flag soldiers, the dragon was defeated and Hailing's family died heroically.

Difficult, fully shows the high patriotic spirit of minority officers and soldiers. "My son died with his father, and my mother heard that her son died several times.

First. Ge's mother praised her son for his heroic death, while Chen Liansheng and Zhu Gui were father and son who died in the same country. Wang Ding, a great scholar, even used corpses to protest against surrender. How touching and touching is this spirit of struggle against aggression. The indomitable spirit of struggle is a valuable quality for the survival and development of a nation. After the Opium War, the people of China continued to inherit and carry forward this heroic and tenacious fighting spirit. Through various forms of anti-aggression struggles, such as national defense wars, frontier self-defense counterattacks, anti-foreign religions, anti-imperialist patriotic movements, we have waged an indomitable and unremitting struggle against foreign aggression and defending national independence. Therefore, capitalist imperialism will never achieve the goal of destroying China and turning China into its colony.

Second, facing the world, China is a country with a long history and civilization, and the people of China have made great contributions to the development of world civilization. However, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the stagnation of feudal economy, China has gradually fallen behind the world history. In terms of Sino-foreign relations, the Opium War was the first time in history that China was invaded and defeated by foreign forces more advanced than itself. As a result of this war, a series of unequal treaties such as treaty of nanking were signed, which brought our nation a historical disaster, but also prompted her to gradually awaken from the state of isolation, complacency, ignorance and backwardness. For a long time after the Opium War, people of insight in China called China.

The changes in social conditions and Sino-foreign relations are "changes from ancient times to modern times", from which we can sum up the lessons of backwardness and beatings, understand the western world in multiple dimensions, reflect on China itself in multiple dimensions, and explore the road of national independence and national rejuvenation through anxiety, anger, pursuit and struggle. During the Opium War, Lin Zexu faced the reality with a realistic attitude, constantly overcame old ideas, paid attention to "observing the feelings of foreigners", organized the translation of western books and newspapers, and edited the Chronicle of Four Continents, which opened his eyes to the world for the first time. With a sense of accumulation of defeat, Wei Yuan angrily wrote the story of the holy warrior and the map of the sea country, demanding "outdated regret" and advocating opening the door to trade through "paying for foreign countries" and "controlling foreign countries in Shi Yang". Lin and Wei's thought of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" is a complete anti-aggression thought, which contains both the connotation of "knowing foreigners" and the content of "learning from foreigners". However, at that time, except for Lin and Wei who advocated "learning from foreigners", most patriots, including them, still stayed at the level of "knowing foreigners" and lacked a clear understanding of "learning from foreigners". This shows that the national awakening in modern China was difficult and tortuous at the beginning. It was not until the Second Opium War that the blow was more serious and the lesson was more profound that the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" was put into practice. After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese improved their understanding of the rational mistakes in the Westernization Movement, and the ideological trend of learning foreign countries in modern China was pushed to a newer stage.

The history after the Opium War shows that China was repeatedly hit by backwardness, which in turn inspired people to learn from foreign countries. China's national awakening in modern times always contains the connotation of opposing foreign aggression and learning from advanced foreign countries. During the Opium War, Wei Yuan put forward the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners", which first reflected the inseparable relationship between these two aspects. Wei Yuan quoted an old saying that "those who are good at learning four foreigners can control four foreigners, while those who are not good at learning foreign foreigners can control foreign foreigners". After the Opium War, China was unable to reverse the backward situation for a long time. Apart from the greed and ferocity of imperialism, considering China's own factors, this is related to "not being good at learning from foreigners". Furthermore, since the emergence of capitalism, the modern world has gradually formed a world market, which has led to a certain trend of integration in the development of all countries in the world. Since then, the existence and development of any country have been

There is no world, no world market. Whether you are willing or unwilling, consciously or unconsciously, you must enter the world market in some way and participate in international exchanges and international competition. During the Opium War, Lin Zexu resolutely opposed "closing the sea". Zhang Jiliang also said that "today's situation can not be closed to the outside world to dredge its flow, but can only be remedied by the situation". Wei Yuan, on the other hand, "specializes in merchants and assists merchants in marching" to Britain. Based on the understanding, it is proposed to realize "self-cultivation" through "foreign trade". From Wei Yuan's Atlas of the Sea: Appreciation of the People's Foreign Thoughts. "China people also seek knowledge from the world because of their knowledge. "China people's world concept and world market awareness have gradually become clear and open. Wang Tao praised Wei Yuan's "The teacher speaks late, and the master speaks first". And "Sino-foreign trade will stop at the earth". , irreversible. Therefore, Zheng Guanying expounded the thought of "commercial war". As for Sun Yat-sen, he advocated "openness" and "taking the civilization of westerners as an example". It can be seen that since the Opium War, facing the world, being good at learning from others and actively participating in the world market and international competition is another important connotation of modern patriotic thoughts.

Third, pay attention to "internal governance" and strive for prosperity. The Chinese nation is a nation with a tradition of introspection and a spirit of self-improvement. Patriots during the Opium War were full of the spirit of self-improvement. They have a strong sense of social crisis and historical responsibility, criticize reality and call for reform. On the eve of the Opium War, Gong Zizhen emphasized that "the earth is dead, man made it, man made it, not a saint made it". Attending, generous and sorrowful, calling for the wind and thunder, looking forward to "more law." After the Opium War, Wei Yuan summed up the lessons of war failure in time and put forward the slogan of "constantly striving for self-improvement" and "enriching Qiang Bing". From the perspective of "resisting foreign countries" and "dealing with the aftermath", he emphasized that "internal governance is more detailed than external governance" and "internal governance is like external governance". Starting from the idea that "internal governance" is the first move to get rid of bad politics, he demanded to overcome the "two major problems" of China's politics, namely "ignorance" and "lack of talents", so as to make China's politics clear and its society full of vitality, thus turning weakness into strength and persuading foreign aggression forces. He attaches great importance to and emphasizes the role of politicians in opening up people's hearts, conveying "ethos" and "self-cultivation". He used the story of Peter the Great learning from the "West" and "learning skills" to make Russia dominate Europe, and suggested that the Qing court "concentrate" and "foot the national football team". , make China rich and strong. This patriotic idea of attaching importance to "internal governance", striving for prosperity, combining opposing aggression with learning from the West, defending against foreign enemies and reforming domestic politics represents a new trend of modern patriotism.

During the Opium War, patriots represented by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan also had an outstanding value, that is, they were rich in people-oriented thoughts. They believe that the people are patriotic and there are great anti-aggression forces among the patriotic masses. They are full of confidence in the wisdom and creativity of the people of China. When Wei Yuan proposed to learn from the processing ships made in the West, he advocated that in addition to government-run, businesses should also be allowed to engage in the manufacture of civilian products. He also said: "The people of the East China Sea are better than the people of the West Sea when the atmosphere is open and wisdom rises. He believes that the people of China can make the country rich and strong like the people of western countries. National self-confidence is the hope of a national rejuvenation. If a nation loses the necessary self-confidence, it will be difficult to cheer up and lose its future. During the Opium War, patriots represented by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan were full of the spirit of self-improvement, attached importance to "internal governance", called for reform, and highly believed in the strength and wisdom of the people of China. This combination of patriotism and attaching importance to the people is precious. Their naivety is the pioneer of modern patriotism. In a word, since the Opium War opened the curtain of China's modern history, China people's patriotism began to take opposing aggression, maintaining independence, facing the world, being a good teacher and a good friend, paying attention to "internal governance" and striving for prosperity and prosperity as its main connotations, combining advantages and disadvantages with resentment, seeking and developing, patriotism and valuing people, resisting foreign aggression and governing the country, and national spirit with world concepts, thus developing.

The new trend of righteousness. At that time, the country was in a critical situation and the people suffered greatly. Lin Zexu, Wei Yuan, Kang Youwei, Sun Yat-sen and other modern patriots continued to carry forward this patriotic spirit, making the road of national rejuvenation in modern China gradually bright. Today, China's national luck has reversed and Hong Kong has returned. As long as we continue to inherit and carry forward the modern patriotic spirit since the Opium War and forge ahead courageously along the road of basing ourselves on the motherland, looking at the world and rejuvenating China, China's prospects and modernization in the 2 1 century will be even more brilliant.