First, post-war economic reconstruction. Modern management theory is the management theory of China and the West in the whole historical stage from the Second World War to the early 1980s. This historical stage was formed in the process of readjusting the political and economic structure of capitalist society after the Second World War. After this war, Britain and France became the second-class countries of the victorious countries, and only the United States prospered in the war and became the only super cart. Second, the rapid development of science and technology. The development of science and technology has made great breakthroughs after the war: First, the application of atomic energy. The second is the birth, application and tuxedo of computers. The third is the continuous discovery and application of new materials. Fourth, the development of human space technology has promoted the development of industrial productivity: first, it has promoted the improvement of industrial labor productivity; The second is to create material conditions for industrial expansion and reproduction. Third, it has opened up a broad domestic and international market for industrial products. Third, the three stages of post-war capitalist economic development. The first stage is from the post-war to the early 1950s, which is a period of political adjustment and economic recovery in capitalist countries. The second stage is from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s. This period is called the golden age of economic development in developed capitalist countries, and the speed of economic development exceeds any period in history. The third stage began at the end of 1973, during which a worldwide capitalist economic crisis broke out. The symbol of the crisis is that Italy, Germany, Britain, the United States, Japan and France have entered the crisis stage one after another, and the outstanding phenomenon is that the number of unemployed people has increased greatly, setting a post-war record. Fourth, the enterprise structure has changed. At the beginning of the 20th century, private monopoly capital with concentrated production and capital, after World War II, with the application of new scientific and technological achievements, the establishment of energy-based industries and new industrial sectors, and the great development of the tertiary industry, the concentration of capitalist production and capital has new characteristics: First, the scale of monopoly enterprises is huge. The second is the mixture of monopoly enterprises. The third is the cooperation of large, medium and small enterprises. Fourth, the services of enterprises are highly decentralized. Fifth, enterprises are constantly developing internationally. These changes in the post-war international situation undoubtedly put forward various requirements for management. The megalopolis of enterprises, the emergence of multinational companies and the diversification of people's needs make history need it to constantly adapt to the changes in the environment. Therefore, after World War II, different viewpoints and schools of management theory easily appeared, which constituted the mainstream of modern management theory.

After the Second World War, management theory showed a variety of schools. The deep-seated reason is that besides productivity and tuxedo issued by advanced science and technology, the following factors also play an important role: (1) Productivity leads to the change of production mode and promotes the development of management thought; (2) Macro-control to promote the development of management; (3) Improve the level of education and deepen people's understanding; (4) The increasingly fierce market competition environment has strengthened the market concept, leading to the emergence of internal and external management ideas; (5) The infiltration of natural science ideas into management science has led to the emergence of management ideas based on system science.