The origin and history of Weiqi 1: The origin of Weiqi "playing chess" is also called "playing chess". "Yi" is the oldest title of Go. It is common in pre-Qin classics, but the word "qu" is rare. Up to now, the earliest written record about Go is Zuo Zhuan. "Xianggong" for twenty-five years, "Zi Ning is not as good as playing chess today. Why not?" The player was indecisive and finally got right, but what was the situation? "This is inevitable." According to the earliest written records, Weiqi originated in China before the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. 2. Pre-Han to Han (1): In the Spring and Autumn Period, Go has become a popular game in society. In the literature of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are many records about Go. (2): From the Western Han Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, Weiqi spread throughout the country, but because the rulers did not attach importance to Weiqi, public opinion was not optimistic, and Weiqi developed slowly. (3) From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the development of Go made a good start. A number of founders of Weiqi theory, such as Ban Gu (Zhi Yi), Li You (the name of Weiqi), Huang Xian (Lun Ji) and Ma Rong (Qi Weifu), appeared, which gradually attracted the attention of scholars. After the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the history of China entered a turbulent period, with active cultural thoughts and rapid development of Go activities. 3. Wei and Jin Dynasties (1): During the Three Kingdoms Period, Wei and Wu prevailed in Go. Wei is represented by Cao Shi family and "Jian 'an Seven Children", and Cao Cao's level of Go is comparable to that of a master. Go in Wu Dong was all the rage, and famous players came forth in large numbers, so there was a record of this game. This is the famous "Five Maps" in the history of Weiqi. (2) Western Jin Dynasty: During the Western Jin Dynasty, Weiqi flourished in an all-round way. From the emperor down to the common people, they can't play chess well, which creates good conditions for the development of Go. (3) Eastern Jin Dynasty: During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the chess style flourished and gradually theorized, and there appeared chess saints such as Wang Dao, Wang Tian and Jiang Biao. The most famous chess expert at this stage is Wang Fan, who co-authored five volumes of chess, reflecting the rapid development of game style in the Western Jin Dynasty (contained in Book of Changes in the New Tang Dynasty). 4. Southern and Northern Dynasties (1): The Southern Dynasties experienced four dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. In fact, the golden age of Weiqi in the Southern Dynasties only appeared in the Song and Qi Dynasties, especially in the periods of Song Wendi, Song and Ming Dynasties, Qi Gaudi, Qi Wudi and Liang Wudi. It has nine symbols: (1) South. (2) The establishment of Weiqi State, the rise of royal chess activities and the concept of "one product" indicate that the chess system has entered a brand-new development period; (3) The population of Weiqi has surged; (4) High-quality players have formed a unique and distinctive personality and style; (5) The number of Go monographs exceeds that of the previous generation; (6) The social fashion of "there is only literary chess in the world" has been formed; (7) For contemporary historians, the Go activities and chess skills of scholars in the Southern Dynasties have gone down in history; (8) There is a two-way game between North and South; (9) Weiqi culture spread to neighboring countries, and was introduced to Korea and Japan in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. (2): The emperors of the Northern Dynasties were all of Hu origin, and the mainstream of culture was Confucianism. Confucian tradition regulates the good entertainment between drinking and drinking, playing the piano and shooting at the palace. It holds that playing chess is a waste of things and gambling, and the concept of respecting Taoism and belittling art limits the development of Go. 5. Sui and Tang Dynasties (1): The unification of Sui Dynasty restored the dominant position of Confucianism, and the concept of respecting Taoism and neglecting art limited the development of Go. Therefore, the chess world in the Sui Dynasty was dull. But at this time, 19 chessboards have already determined the dominant position, replacing 17 chessboards. (2) In the early Tang Dynasty, Weiqi activities were initiated by the imperial court and spread to the people, making Weiqi not only a monopoly activity of the gentry. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty strongly advocated Weiqi and established the imperial edict system of Hanlin chess, which was a symbol of the specialization and professionalization of Weiqi in China. Wang was the greatest national performer in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Weiqi entered the second golden age. 6. Five Dynasties (1): During the Five Dynasties, after the Tang Dynasty, there were five dynasties, namely Hou Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Wu Hou, which were called the Five Dynasties. As the war continued, the level of Go dropped greatly. (2): During the Ten Kingdoms period, it was in the separatist stage. Different countries have different levels of Go. Although there are outstanding players, they can't become a climate because of their small potential. The famous chess history includes Li Jing and his son, Wu Yue and Qian Shi, masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty. 7. Song Dynasty (1): During the Song Dynasty, Song Taizong personally created the game of chess, and recruited a large number of Go masters into the DPRK. So that the Song Dynasty started from a high starting point and entered a prosperous stage. By the time of Song Zhezong, professional national players were very active, and professional Go ushered in a development climax. At this time, the national player Liu Zhongfu appeared. He is another milestone in the history of chess in China after the King of the Tang Dynasty. During the period of Song Huizong, the development of court women's games reached a climax. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Weiqi was also very important, but because of playing politics wrongly, the court was corrupt. At the end of the Song Dynasty, the most striking activity of Weiqi was the game of scholars, and Liu Kezhuang was the most outstanding figure, with the wanderer as the main body. 8. Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties (1): The Yuan and Meng Dynasties saw the decline of Go in China, but the popularity of Go in Yuan Dynasty was no less than that in Southern Song Dynasty, especially for intellectuals. Yuan Wenzong was the most famous chess player in Yuan Dynasty. At the initiative of Yuan Wenzong, this game was once very popular. The greatest achievement in the development of Go in Yuan Dynasty was the compilation of Xuanxuan and Qi Jing. Xuanxuan Chess Manual is an outstanding achievement of cooperation between Yan Defu, a master of Weiqi in Luling, Jiangxi Province. Xuanxuan Chess Classic is a shining example of China's comprehensive chess works in ancient times. 9. Ming Dynasty (1): During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, the trend of literary play declined. However, the world of court chess presents another scene. Zhu Yuanzhang is good at playing chess and is said to be the originator of imitation chess. Since the reign of Emperor Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, chess has re-entered the normal development track. The recorded masters in Yong and Xuan Dynasties were rich, Tang Li, Zhang and Zhu Xiong. During the periods of Chenghua, Hongzhi and Zhengde, Weiqi in Ming Dynasty entered a new period of development, with the prosperity and historic breakthrough of professional Weiqi, which moved from court to society. Representative figures: Zhao Juan, Zhao Jiucheng and Fan Hong. During Hongzhi and Zheng De years, the popularity of scholar-officials Weiqi, represented by Li Dongyang and Yang Yiqing, not only set off an upsurge of Weiqi in the scholar-officials class, but also opened a brand-new pattern in which famous officials played chess one after another in the late Ming Dynasty. They also directly contributed to the formation of the Weiqi school in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The rise of Shi Jing School is the inevitable result of the game wave of Shi Jing Chief Executives. As a matter of fact, the China scholar-bureaucrat Weiqi has formed two camps, the Beijing School and the Su School, and * * * jointly launched a movement to revitalize the chess world. Huizhou, which originated from the ancient Yue culture, formed the Xin 'an School (also known as Huizhou School) in the Ming Dynasty, and its founder was Wang Shu. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the most famous chess players were over 100 years old. Being over 100 years old ended the era of old routines and opened up a new road for the development of Go with innovative methods. 10: Qing dynasty (1) Qing dynasty: at the beginning of Qing dynasty, Weiqi showed a situation of competing for hegemony, and a large number of famous players appeared, such as Zhou Lanning, Zhou Donghou, Wang Hannian and Huang Longshi. After Huang Longshi became famous in the early years of Kangxi, Huang Longshi and Xu Xingyou were outstanding figures in chess, known as the "Xu Huang era". After the "Xu Huang era", Weiqi entered the era of four masters. From the late Kangxi period to the Qianlong period, technically speaking, China Weiqi has climbed to the peak of Zuozi era. Liang (Wei and Jin), Cheng (Lan Ru), Fan (Ping) and Shi (Ding 'an) have extremely lofty positions in the history of China Weiqi. Fan and Shi created an insurmountable peak in chess, also known as "chess saints". Since then, Qing's chess path has also declined. The outbreak of the Opium War brought Go to a low ebb. Zhou and Chen Zixian are the most outstanding representatives of chess in the late Qing Dynasty. After their death, chess declined completely in the late Qing Dynasty.