1. Historical materialism: it is a scientific historical view and method to reveal the objective basis and development law of human social history, including: social existence determines social consciousness, productivity determines production relations, economic foundation determines superstructure, man is the creator of history, and the real value of life lies in his contribution to society.

2. Time-space view: refers to the concept of observing and analyzing the relationship between things and specific time and space, which is presented in the form of historical chronology, historical sequence, chronology, stage characteristics, historical event chronology, historical map and so on.

3. Historical materials: refers to the attitude and method of discriminating the obtained historical materials and reproducing the historical truth with credible historical materials, which are presented in the forms of historical materials classification, historical materials discrimination, historical materials application and viewpoint demonstration.

4. Historical interpretation: refers to the attitude, ability and method of rational analysis and objective evaluation of historical things based on historical materials and historical understanding, and examines them in the form of material arrangement, historical interpretation, traceability, causal analysis, trend analysis, influence interpretation and status judgment, so as to cultivate the ability to narrate history and form historical understanding.

5. Feelings of home and country: it is the sense of social responsibility and humanistic feelings that should be possessed in studying and exploring history, including: excellent traditional culture, national spirit, democracy and rule of law, scientific spirit, world consciousness, positive attitude towards life, sound personality, integration with reality, etc.