"The change of civil engineering" is a colorful stroke left by the Ming Dynasty in history, which took place in the civil fort in Huailai County, Hebei Province.
In February of the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449), Mongolian Wala tribe leaders also sent more than 2,000 people to the Ming court to invite them to enjoy tribute horses. Wang Zhen, the great eunuch in charge of state affairs, found that Wala lied about the number of people, so he refused to give more rewards and deducted four-fifths of the original horse price as punishment. Vala took the opportunity to make trouble, and in July of the same year, he led an army to harass the Ming border. The Ming army was defeated again and again. After the Battle Report reached the capital, Zhu Qizhen, the British Emperor, egged on by Wang Zhen, led 500,000 troops to war. The result was defeated by 20 thousand cavalry in Valla. Yingzong himself was captured in the civil fort, and 500 thousand Ming army "killed more than half" This is the famous "civil change" in history, and the battle of civil fort has thus become a typical example in the history of world wars.
The battle of Perth City is more with less;
124 1 year, Mongols Subutai and Batu led troops to attack Eastern Europe, forcibly crossed the Carpathian Mountains, and prepared to meet in the Hungarian Plain. On the far wings of the two armies, there are two small cavalry units sweeping Poland, Silesia and East Prussia along the way to cover the strategic intention of the main force.
Before the Mongolian army arrived in Pace City, Hungarian King Bella saw through the intentions of the Mongolian army and immediately organized an army of 654.38+10,000 people to look for opportunities to fight against the Mongolian army. The main force of Mongolia's nearly 60,000 people retreated slightly to avoid the attack of the Hungarian army. In April, when the two sides finally confronted each other on the Shaoyo River, Hungary thought that the other side was the main force of Mongolia, quickly seized the huge bridgehead of 1 and connected a large number of carriages, forming a solid barracks on the west bank of the river, waiting for the attack of Mongolian troops.
When the follow-up engineers arrived, at dawn, the Mongolian army immediately fired at the Hungarian army guarding the bridgehead with powerful riprap vehicles and rockets. Under the unprecedented fierce attack, the defenders were instantly defeated, and the Mongolian cavalry quickly crossed the bridge and launched a general attack on the main force of the Hungarian army who had just woken up. When Hungarians lined up with confidence to kill the Mongolian army, they found that this army was not the main force of the Mongolian army!
At this time, the main force of the Mongolian army, about 30 thousand people, has crossed the Hanjiang River at night in the south nearly a hundred miles away. When the Mongolian main force attacked the Hungarian army from behind, the chaotic Hungarian army immediately retreated to its solid barracks to defend itself. Mongolian engineers fired dense boulders, rockets, poison arrows (according to historical records, Mongolian poison arrows contain arsenic and croton, which can produce strong toxic smoke) and burning oil at the barracks. Most of these attack weapons were first seen by western troops, and their inner panic can be imagined. The Mongols adopted the tactic of "siege must be blocked", which made the Hungarians quickly collapse and escape from the gap. The Mongolian army, dressed in light clothes, is much faster than deserters and can withstand it. It can change horses and intercept everywhere without stopping. In the Battle of Shoyo River, more than 70,000 Hungarian troops were killed.
It is precisely because of its high mobility and flexibility that the Mongolian army wiped out a large number of well-armored but clumsy European troops in Europe. Due to the low speed of European troops, few people fled back to the battlefield. Even for a long time, Europeans always thought that the number of Mongolian troops was huge. European troops mainly rely on close combat and killing, which makes Mongolian troops have only a few casualties when using mobile operations. Modern European military historians believe that the proportion of casualties between the European army and the Mongolian army in the war is perhaps the most disparity in the cold weapon era.