1889 In July, the Second International led by Engels held a congress in Paris. The meeting passed a resolution stipulating that international workers should hold a March on May 1 890, and decided to designate May 1 as the International Labor Day. The Central People's Government of the State Council 1949 1 year made a decision in February, and determined May 1 day as Labor Day. After 1989, the State Council basically commended the national model workers and advanced workers every five years, and commended about 3,000 people each time.
Development history
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, many countries such as the United States and Europe gradually developed from capitalism to imperialism. In order to stimulate the rapid economic development and extract more surplus value, and to maintain this high-speed capitalist machine, capitalists constantly exploit workers by increasing labor time and labor intensity.
In the United States, workers have to work 14 to 16 hours a day, and some even as long as 18 hours, but their wages are very low. The director of a shoe factory in Massachusetts once said, "Let a strong and healthy boy 18 years old work next to any machine here, and I can make his hair turn white at the age of 22." The heavy class oppression aroused the great anger of the proletarians. They know that the only way to survive is to unite and fight against capitalists through strike movement. The strike condition put forward by the workers is an eight-hour working day.
1877, the first national strike in American history began. The working class took to the streets to demonstrate and proposed to the government to improve working and living conditions, demanding that working hours be shortened and an eight-hour working day be implemented. Shortly after the strike, the ranks were expanding day by day, the number of trade union members surged, and workers from all over the country also took part in the strike movement.
Under the strong pressure of the workers' movement, the US Congress was forced to enact laws on the eight-hour working day. But some capitalists simply ignore it. This law is just a dead letter. Workers still live in dire straits and are tortured by capitalists. The workers who can't bear it decided to push this struggle for the right to life to a new climax and prepare to hold a larger strike movement.
1884 in June, eight international and national workers' groups in the United States and Canada held a rally in Chicago, USA, and decided to hold a general strike on May 1886, forcing capitalists to implement an eight-hour working system. This day has finally arrived. May 1886, 1 350,000 workers from more than 20,000 enterprises in the United States stopped work and took to the streets to hold a massive demonstration. Workers of all colors and jobs went on a general strike together. In Chicago alone, 45,000 workers poured into the streets. In this case, the major industrial departments in the United States are paralyzed, trains become frozen snakes, shops become silent, and all warehouses are closed and sealed.
1886, the first international Geneva conference put forward the slogan of eight-hour work system. On May 1886 and 1 day, the United States held a large-scale strike demonstration with about 350,000 people as the center. The demonstrators demanded improved working conditions and an eight-hour working day. On May 3, 1886, the Chicago government sent police to suppress it and shot and killed two people, which made the situation worse. On May 4th, striking workers held a protest in Haymarket Square. Because unknown people threw bombs at the police, the police finally shot and killed four workers and seven policemen, which was called hay market riot or hay market massacre in history. In the subsequent judgment, eight anarchists were charged with murder, four anarchists were hanged, and 1 committed suicide in prison.
In order to commemorate this great labor movement and protest the subsequent verdict, workers' protests were held all over the world. These activities became the predecessor of International Labor Day.
1 in July, 889, at the second international founding conference organized by Engels, it was announced that May1day would be designated as International Labor Day every year.
After a hard and bloody struggle, we finally won. To commemorate the workers' movement, the socialist congress convened by Marxists from all over the world was grandly opened in Paris, France on July 4th. 1889. At the congress, the delegates unanimously agreed to make May 1 day a common festival of the international proletariat. This decision immediately received a positive response from workers all over the world. On May 1890 and 1 Sunday, the European and American working classes took the lead in taking to the streets, holding grand demonstrations and assemblies to fight for their legitimate rights and interests. From then on, working people from all over the world will gather and March on this day to celebrate and spend a public holiday.
China people's activities to celebrate Labor Day can be traced back to 19 18. The State Council, the Central People's Government, designated May 1 as the legal labor day on February 1949. ?
May 1920, 1, New Youth, Volume 7, Issue 6. Cai Yuanpei's inscription on Sacred Labor, Sun Yat-sen's inscription on The World Is Public, Li Dazhao's History of May Day Movement, and Chen Duxiu's Hunan Women Workers in Shanghai Housheng Cotton Mill were published. At the same time, it also published the General Articles of Association of Workers' Unions in China and the Survey of Labor Conditions in Tangshan, Shanxi and Yangtze River.
On May 1 day, workers from industrial cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang and Tangshan marched to the market and held large-scale demonstrations and gatherings. Li Dazhao published the History of the May Day Movement in New Youth, introduced the origin of May Day and the activities of workers in the United States, France and other countries to commemorate May Day, and called on workers in China to take May Day as the day of awakening this year. To celebrate this festival, Chen Duxiu also published the article "The Problem of Hunan Women Workers in Shanghai Housheng Cotton Mill", which exposed the truth that capitalists exploited workers' surplus value. Chen Duxiu also gave a speech entitled "Workers' Consciousness" at the Shanghai Shipyard Workers' Union, expounding the viewpoints that "labor creates the world" and "working people are the most useful and valuable". On that day, workers and intellectuals from all over the country gathered together. Under the guidance of Shanghai and Chen Duxiu, more than 5,000 workers held the World Labor Commemorative Conference jointly prepared by seven organizations including the All-China Association for the Promotion of Industry, and Chen Duxiu was selected as the consultant for the preparation of the conference. At the commemorative meeting, representatives from all walks of life spoke in succession. Workers demanded "eight hours of work, eight hours of rest and eight hours of education" and shouted slogans such as "Long live the workers" and "Long live the China Industrial Community". After the meeting, the Shanghai Workers' Declaration and a reply to the Russian workers' government were issued. The special commemorative issue of New Youth also published important articles such as Li Dazhao's History of the May 1 Movement, Chen Duxiu's Workers' Consciousness, and Hunan Women Workers' Problems in Shanghai Housheng Cotton Mill, as well as investigation reports on workers' current situation in more than ten cities and regions such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Wuhan. In Beijing, Li Dazhao led a commemorative activity centered on Peking University. Peking University students went on strike on this day, and Peking University Student Weekly published "Labor Memorial". The school held a commemorative meeting attended by more than 500 teachers and students, and Li Dazhao spoke at the meeting. Eight Peking University students, including He Mengxiong, and some young people went out to publicize and distribute the May 1 Beijing Labor Proclamation, arousing workers to oppose exploitation and fight for rights, and were arrested by the patrol. Deng Zhongxia went to Beijing Changxindian to distribute the "Beijing May 1 Labor Declaration" to railway workers and delivered a speech. This is the first time that China commemorates May 1 International Labor Day, and it is also the first May 1 Labor Day in the history of China.