Egyptians have lived and multiplied along the Nile since ancient times. The Nile valley has its special geographical environment: the west is an uninhabited Libyan desert, occasionally dotted with oases; The east is not far from the Red Sea, but it is separated by the Arabian desert, which almost forms an insurmountable barrier; In the south, there are six waterfalls in the upper Nile. The river is sharp and narrow; To the north is the Mediterranean coast, with no good ports and dense shoals and reefs. This geographical environment hindered the ancient Egyptians' contact with the outside world. Although Egypt was isolated from the world, it also provided the ancient Egyptians with natural protective barriers and rich mineral resources.

The ancient Egyptians lived in such a unique environment and were not invaded by foreigners for a long time. Therefore, they have a superior sense of security. At any time, they don't need to deal with foreign aggression like their close neighbor Mesopotamia. Living in such a safe environment, ancient Egypt was calm, confident and optimistic. They have been living a peaceful and stable life for nearly 1000 years. During this period, the ancient Egyptians developed their own unique civilization with their rich resources, and the history of Egypt was not interrupted. Therefore, the change of the country in the Pharaoh's era can protect their civilization.

The art of ancient Egypt has its own system. In ancient Egyptian reliefs and paintings, portrait modeling must follow the strict basic rule of "standing with head facing chest", that is, when people stand and walk, their heads and faces must be exposed sideways, their shoulders and chest exposed in front, and their feet exposed sideways.

Ancient Egypt practiced absolute monarchy. As a symbol and representative of state power, Pharaoh strictly controlled the country's economy, which is also a traditional feature of ancient Egyptian civilization. In ancient Egypt, Pharaoh enjoyed the highest control over the country's land.

Pharaoh not only occupied a lot of land, but also often distributed a lot of land to temples, ministers, nobles and other cronies. Pharaoh's absolute control over the national land was the basis for the establishment of absolute monarchy in ancient Egypt. The biennial inventory of land, population, gold and livestock in this country began in the early dynasty. The pharaohs of the ancient kingdom have been conducting a general survey of land and property systems.

Ancient Egyptian civilization has remarkable characteristics. It is the oldest civilization and the oldest ancient country. He combined the typical theories of eastern and western monarchies. He has a strong religious consciousness and its extensive and profound social influence. His cultural history is unmatched by other countries.