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Why did the ancient ranger exist? Who is the representative?
Rangers, a special group, were determined by the society and culture at that time. First of all, the decline of the Zhou royal family brought about the collapse of social legal system and etiquette. In the constant war, the most trustworthy and best able to protect themselves is personal ability. This comprehensive ability covering self-confidence, courage and military judgment was highly respected at that time, which provided fertile soil for the formation of chivalrous men. Secondly, hundreds of years of power wars in the Central Plains have blurred the original strict hierarchical boundaries. With the breaking of the royal family-prince-doctor power hierarchy, a number of new political forces emerged and began to challenge the original political forces. In order to strengthen their own strength, talents are urgently needed, so the knights have the opportunity to step onto the power stage, and it is this two-way choice that gives the knights more freedom and is conducive to the formation of independent personality. Due to the demand for talents and the need to compete with the enemy who is fighting for the front, orthodoxy tolerated this alien at that time and helped its development to some extent. Therefore, it was only at that time that it was possible for Xin Lingjun to treat Hou Sheng immediately and give Mao Gong and Gong Xue a discount. "Sit quietly, childe since the car ride, empty forget, since meet easy door Hou Sheng. Hou Sheng photographed our clothes and uploaded them directly to the childe's seat. He refused to let us see the son. The more respectful you are to your son. Hou Sheng called his son again, "The fair is killing the city. I have guests, so I rode for nothing. Zi led the car into the city, and Hou Sheng greeted Zhu Hai, making Ni Jiu leave a chat and look at Zi. The more harmonious the color of childe is. By now, the imperial clan of Wei was full of guests, waiting for his son to bring wine. Everyone in the city looked at his son's persistence. From the ride, I secretly scolded Hou Sheng. Hou sheng looked at the color of the child unchanged, thanked the guest and got on the bus. At home, the son led Hou Sheng to sit there and praise the guests, who were all surprised. The wine is hot and the child rises, which is the life of Hou Hou. " (historical records. "Biography of Wei Gongzi") It is precisely because of this way of treating scholars that Wei Wuji is the most outstanding of the four Gongzi in the Warring States Period. At that time, scholars could be proud of their officials, and rangers could despise the emperor. Everything depends on your own ability, which makes people full of confidence and vitality. Third, academically, a hundred schools of thought contend, and there is no unified and exclusive center in thought. This society accepts and appreciates people with new ideas. Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism all have chivalrous people, which makes them have more space for ideological activities. If they are frustrated in one direction, they can turn to the other direction and freely exert their ideas and creativity. Therefore, the knights we see often show the most primitive and powerful side. Fourth, due to the blockade caused by the war during that period, a knight who fought the sword to travel around the world can often act as a messenger of information, a terminator of the chaotic status quo, and possibly a savior to some extent. People's dissatisfaction with social reality is transformed into hope for chivalrous people to a certain extent. We now say that every man has a chivalrous dream, which is about the yearning for freedom and the unrestrained longing; At that time, it was more practical, representing the guarantee of survival, a relatively fair living environment, and the ability to protect themselves and their relatives and friends. It is precisely because of this yearning that the ancients were full of admiration and dreams for chivalry, so Mr. Wang Fuzhi "can't raise the people of the world, but the rangers can raise them." At the beginning of the Republic of China, the feeling that "the Marquis was lost, and the rich were invited, and the chivalrous people were all over the world" formed a Jianghu society in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. The chivalrous people freely expanded in the Jianghu, and the chivalrous people were free to act arbitrarily in the local areas, and they had the right to wander around the state, trying to break the status of the Duke. There are heroes in the hearts of the people, but there are no big officials, mainly knights. As can be seen from the above, it is precisely because in this period of China's history, when wars are the most frequent and thoughts are the most turbulent, the chivalrous man created a Jianghu situation different from that of the government by virtue of his own ability, and also formed his own tradition and standard of right and wrong. Chivalrous men have gained universal respect and trust, and chivalrous men are not only the behavior of a few people, but have become a respected spirit by social default, so we saw a sentence from Han Xin, "Hanwang met me very thick and took me with his car. I have heard that people who ride cars are bitter, people who wear clothes are worried, and people who eat people are dead. Can I benefit from it? " (historical records. This is no longer a courtier's loyalty to the king, but more like a knight's commitment to his bosom friend. Han Xin's heartfelt sigh shows that the chivalrous spirit was integrated into everyone's spirit at that time, which changed China's hierarchical concept in his bones. Therefore, it can be said that the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was the highest peak of China's chivalrous development, and then history took a turning point here.

In Historical Records, Sima Qian thought that scholars trained the most chivalrous men, and those who trained scholars became the greatest chivalrous men, ahead of the four sons of the Warring States. "Meng Changjun, Chun Shenjun, Ping Yuanjun, and Xinlingjun are all due to the king. By virtue of their wealth and wealth, they recruited wise men from all over the world and became famous princes. It can be said that they are not sages. " As can be seen from the above, no matter what environment the knight-errant was born in, he was relatively free in the society at that time and was not subjected to too much pressure and destruction by the government. Therefore, the relaxed environment for chivalrous people at that time produced a good soil with chivalrous and unique moral concepts, that is, universal love and free growth, and cultivated a group of chivalrous people that later generations admired. On the other hand, chivalrous men are not as sharply opposed to the government as later generations, but they may be in the same position at any time. At that time, the free atmosphere of officialdom made the chivalrous rivers and lakes almost become the reserve base of nobles, and chivalrous behavior was also strongly politicized, which was almost inseparable from temples, rather than pure loyalty rivers and lakes.

< Historical Records recorded the stories of five famous assassins, Cao Mo, Zhuan Xu, Yurang, Nie Zheng and Jing Ke, in turn during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Regarding the main idea of this biography, in volume 130 "Preface to Taishi Gong", it only talks about "Cao Zi's dagger, Lu took his field, and his letter was clear; I can't make up my mind. "Zhuan Xu, Nie Zheng and Jing Ke are not as good as one sentence. Obviously, this is not all the information in this biography.

Although the specific deeds of these five people are different, and the specific reasons for their assassination or robbery vary from person to person, one thing is the same, that is, they all have a strong spirit of helping the weak, not afraid of rape, and risking their lives for assassination or robbery. And the essence of this spirit is "a scholar dies for a bosom friend." Therefore, Tai Shigong said in the eulogy of this biography: "Its meaning may not be successful, but its meaning is more natural, not deceiving its ambition, and it will be famous for future generations. It's all wet! " This is also a concentrated summary of Tai Shigong's biography.