The Five Dynasties refer to the five dynasties whose capitals were in the Central Plains after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907, namely, Hou Liang, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty.
In 907 AD, after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen established a back beam in the Central Plains, with Kaifeng Prefecture in Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) as its capital, starting from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao in the later Zhou Dynasty. After usurping the throne in the latter Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty was established, and the Five Dynasties ended.
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Although some of the ten countries surrendered to the Five Dynasties, they were still independent in system and their political structure was equivalent to that of the Five Dynasties. Since most of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms started from our time, the aides who supported them often served in the new imperial court, while the old people in the former dynasty gave them vacant posts such as the Third Division, the Three Mansions or the Taiwan Province Provincial Officials. Soldiers are rewarded with official titles in order to win them over when they have rendered meritorious service. These conditions became the source of many redundant workers in the late Northern Song Dynasty.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Five Dynasties and Ten Countries