Pingwu is located in the north of Mianyang, the northwest of Sichuan Basin, the eastern edge of the transition from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin, the upper reaches of Fujiang River, a secondary tributary of the Yangtze River, with east longitude10350 ′-10458 ′ and north latitude 3159 ′-3302 ′. It borders Qingchuan County in the east, Beichuan County in the south, Songpan County in the west, Gansu Province in the north, jiangyou city in the southeast and Jiuzhaigou County in the northwest. The county has jurisdiction over 9 towns, 16 townships (including 6 Tibetan townships), 249 administrative villages, 1489 villagers' groups and 10 residents' committees. The total population of the county is186073 (at the end of 2004), of which the agricultural population is 164 127, the non-agricultural population is 2 1946, and there are 40022 ethnic minorities such as Qiang, Tibetan and Hui, with a total area of 5974 square kilometers, including cultivated land.
Pingwu County governs 9 towns and 7 townships 13 ethnic townships: Long 'an Town, Gucheng Town, Nanba Town, Xiang Yan Town, Pingtong Town, Doukou Town, Yinda Town, Da Qiao Town, Crystal Town, Gaocun Township, Shuiguan Township, Pingnan Qiang Township, Xutang Qiang Township and Suojiang Township. There are 249 administrative villages.
The development of history
Pingwu County has a history of 2200 years since the establishment of Gangbian Road in the Western Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (20 1 BC), he set up a post and moved to Guanghan County to rule this ancient town. In the seventh year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 229), Guangwu County was newly established in Nanba, Gangbian Road, and changed to Gangbian County, and the land remained unchanged. These two counties were transferred to Yin Ping County. In the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 280), Guangwu County belonged to Pingwu County, and it still belonged to Yin Ping County. After the reign of Emperor Wei Xiaowu (532-534 AD), Jiangyou County was established, and Nanba Town was jointly governed by the county. Longzhou was established in the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty (AD 553), and now Nanba Town is under the jurisdiction of states, counties and counties. In the forty-five years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1566), Long 'an House was established, and now Long 'an Town is under the jurisdiction of Fu and County. In the second year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 13), Long 'an House was abandoned and still located in Pingwu County.
After years of development and construction, Pingwu's economic and social undertakings have begun to take shape, and people's living standards have also been greatly improved. Rich natural resources show the bright future of Pingwu County.
Geographical topography
Pingwu County is located in the mountainous area around the basin and has a typical mountain landscape. The mountainous areas in the territory are mainly composed of Minshan Mountain, Motianling Mountain and Longmen Mountain. Mountainous areas with an altitude of 1000 meters account for 94.33% of the total area. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. There are extremely high mountains and mountains in the northwest, and the southeast gradually transitions to Zhongshan, low Zhongshan and low mountains. Xuebaoding, the main peak of Minshan Mountain in the northwest, is 5588 meters above sea level, and Jiaoyuanzi Valley in Erlang Gorge of Fujiang River in the southeast is 600 meters above sea level, with a height difference of nearly 5000 meters. The county is located at the junction of three ravines in China. During the Mesozoic, Jurassic and previous geological periods, the strata were completely exposed, the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic movements were very strong, and the mineral resources were rich.
At present, there are more than 30 kinds of gold, silver, iron, manganese, tungsten, lead, zinc, crystal stone, marble, granite and limestone. In addition, Pingwu is the hub of Jiuzhaigou-Huanglong tourism ring road, and it is also an important gateway for Sichuan Ninth Ring Road to enter the east and exit the west. Pingwu is located at jiangyou city110km in the east, Beichuan county100km in the south, Huanglong Temple120km in the west and Jiuzhaigou177km in the north.
Climatic characteristics
The county belongs to the humid monsoon climate in the northern subtropical mountainous area, with mild climate, abundant precipitation and sunshine, and distinct four seasons, characterized by cloudy and foggy days. The annual average temperature 14.7℃, the highest value 15. 1℃, and the lowest value 13.9℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 37℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is -7℃. The annual average precipitation is 866.5 mm, with the highest value of11.4 mm and the lowest value of 397.3 mm. The average sunshine time for many years is 1376 hours, and the average frost-free period for many years is 252 days. Due to the prominent terrain and great disparity in elevation difference, the climatic elements are vertically distributed with the change of altitude. The low mountain valley area belongs to the humid monsoon climate in the north subtropical zone, and the low mountain area belongs to the warm climate in the mountain area, the cold temperate climate in the mountain area, the sub-cold climate in the mountain area and the extremely high cold climate in the mountain area.
natural resource
This county is rich in vegetation. According to the second-class investigation data of forest resources completed by County Forestry Bureau 1988, there are 78 dominant tree species in forest vegetation, belonging to 23 families and 37 genera, including Ginkgo biloba, cycads and other endemic plants in relict plant, Davidia involucrata and Eucommia ulmoides. There are 32 dominant tree species in forest vegetation, including coniferous species such as spruce and fir 1 1, and broad-leaved species such as camphor tree, nanmu and birch1. Forest vegetation is vertically distributed with the change of altitude, with subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest at 600- 1600 m, evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest at 1600-2200 m, and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at 2200-2800 m and 2800-3500 m. According to the investigation data of grassland resources completed by County Animal Husbandry Bureau in 1988, grassland vegetation is also vertically distributed, including field grassland, forest grassland, shrub grassland, hilly grassland and path grassland. The county's forest coverage rate is 7 1%, with a forest area of 430,000 hectares, of which high-quality natural forests account for more than 70%, and the standing stock is nearly 40 million cubic meters. In the more than 50 years after liberation, it has provided nearly 20 million cubic meters of high-quality wood for the country. Economic trees mainly include tea, silkworm, walnut, plum, chestnut, raw lacquer, ginkgo and Eucommia ulmoides, covering an area of more than 20,000 hectares. There are also rich forest by-products such as Chinese herbal medicines, edible fungi and natural wild plant foods. There are 87 species of wild mammals in the county, belonging to 7 orders and 23 families, including rare mammals 18 species, including giant panda, golden monkey and pronghorn. The number of wild giant pandas ranks first in the country and is known as the "hometown of pandas". In recent years, the county has presented 44 giant pandas to the country, three of which were presented as "national gifts" to Japan, Britain and France.
waterpower resources
This county is rich in water resources. The largest river in China is Fujiang, the largest tributary of Jialing River, which flows through the county seat 157 km, followed by Qingyi River, Duobu River and other tributaries of Fujiang River 15, with 428 streams. The county's watershed control area is 6682 square kilometers (including 834 square kilometers in Songpan), and the river network density is 0.3 kilometers/square kilometer. The average annual total water output is 5.6 billion cubic meters (including 800 million cubic meters of transit passenger water), with the maximum water output of 6.5 billion cubic meters at 1967 and the minimum water output of 31/kloc-0,000,000 cubic meters at 1956. The theoretical reserve of hydropower is 6.5438+0.42 million kilowatts, the exploitable capacity is 6.5438+0 million kilowatts, and the optimal development capacity is 400,000 kilowatts. At present, only 6.5438+0.7 million kilowatts have been developed.
Fujiang River originates from the north slope of Xuebaoding, the main peak of Minshan Mountain, and runs through the whole territory from northwest to southeast. More than 430 tributaries, such as Dobu River and Pingtong River, are feathered and deeply embedded in the rolling mountains. The main stream of Fujiang River has a total length of 157 km, a drainage area of 55 10 km2, a total drop of 2,990 meters, an average riverbed gradient of 15‰, an average flow rate of 153 m3/s, an average runoff of 4.7 billion m3/ year, and theoretical hydropower reserves of/kloc-0. The main tributaries with a basin area of over 100 square kilometers include Dobu River, Pingtong River and Huya River 14. Among them, the Duobu River (also known as Huoxi River) originating from Wang Lang Nature Reserve has a total length of108km, a drainage area of1490km2, a total drop of 2,485m, an average riverbed gradient of 23‰, a horizontal flow of 4 1 m3/s and an average total runoff of1.
tourist resources
Pingwu belongs to the national Jianmen Shudao scenic spot and is also the gateway to Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong Temple. 1987 was designated as an open county by the provincial government, and 1997 was planned as a range of 40 tourist counties in the whole province. Pingwu is located in the center of many scenic spots and cultural landscapes, with Taibai's hometown of jiangyou city in the east, Dayu's hometown of Beichuan County in the south, Huanglong Temple in the west and Jiuzhaigou in the north. There are He Shen, Wang Lang Nature Reserve, Si Er Nature Reserve, Xiaohegou Nature Reserve, Beishan Park, Longchiping Forest Park, Baima ethnic customs and other scenic spots in the county. Starting from Chengdu, passing through Mianyang, Jiangyou and Pingwu to Jiuzhai and Huanglong, there are a series of landscapes along the way, which are praised as "Golden Journey" by Chinese and foreign tourists.
National custom
Baima ethnic customs: Pingwu county has been a concentrated area of frontier strong ethnic minorities since ancient times. Because the natural environment is relatively closed, the descendants of ancient Bianqiang still live in the mountains of the county, retaining the ancient and unique ethnic customs. Baima people living in Dobu River basin and Huangyang River basin in the northwest of the county are the most typical representatives. Baima people are a very unique nation. After many years' investigation and study by many experts and scholars at home and abroad, the academic circles basically believe that they are the direct descendants of the ancient clan. In the early days of liberation, when there were no ethnic identification conditions, they were wrongly identified as Tibetans and were customarily called Baima Tibetans. Baima people are concentrated in Pingwu County, Jiuzhaigou County and Wenxian County on both sides of Motianling, with a total population of about 1.5 million. Baima people in Pingwu County are mainly distributed in Baima, Muzuo, Mupi and Huangyangguan, with a total of more than 4,000 people. Baima people call themselves "Bei", and they have no words and an independent language. The national culture and customs are very different from those of the Tibetan and Qiang nationalities living next to each other. Its economic activities are mainly agriculture and animal husbandry, sideline hunting, herbal medicine collection and so on. The daily food is mainly oats, bitter buckwheat, potatoes and other miscellaneous grains. I like drinking, smoking orchids and not eating dog meat. The traditional house is a brick house with earth walls, and the daily life is centered on the fireplace. Monogamy is practiced. Generally speaking, people do not intermarry with foreigners, so they adopt the custom of adoption. Marriage customs are similar to those of Han nationality, but slightly different. Generally speaking, the dead are buried with bent limbs, but there are also cremation and water burial. Religious belief is still in the primitive state of animism. The most important religious activity is "Cao Gai". The costumes of Baima people are very distinctive. Men's wear is a white or cyan right cardigan, which is a homemade wide belt. Women's dresses are white or colorful gowns, with pleated skirts at the hem, colorful decorations on the chest, shoulders, sleeves and hem, fish dominoes on the chest, self-woven colorful belts and copper coins on the waist; Both men and women wear self-made disc-shaped white cashmere hats with flounces, and one or several white rooster tail feathers are inserted at the top as a symbol of their nation. Baima people are hospitable, good at singing and dancing, and their daily life is often accompanied by singing and dancing. Their "drinking songs" and "round dance" are unique and fascinating.
Qiang people's custom: Qiang people in Pingtong River valley in the south of the county were forced to be sinicized with their Qiang compatriots in Beichuan since the 42nd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1703). Through long-term integration with the Han nationality, their national language has been basically lost, and their living customs are basically the same as those of the Han nationality, but they still retain more national customs. They still live in the diaojiao building, wearing big feet pants, black leggings, blue or white headdresses, embroidered aprons and embroidered shoes, and can still sing and dance. The Qiang people in Pingwu County are mainly distributed in Suojiang, Xutang and Pingnan townships in Pingtong River Basin. The total population is about 39,000.
Famous scenic spot
_ Xiuen Temple: _ Xiuen Temple, located in the middle of the county seat, is the best-preserved palace-style Buddhist temple complex in Ming Dynasty in China and a typical representative of the ancient historical, cultural, religious and artistic relics in Pingwu. Honghu was built by Wang Xi and Wang Jianfeng, hereditary local officials of Fu Xuan Department of Longzhou in Ming Dynasty. It was built in Ming Yingzong Orthodox for five years (1440) and has a history of more than 560 years. 1956 was designated as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit by the Sichuan Provincial People's Committee, and 1996 was upgraded to a national-level cultural relics protection unit with the approval of the State Council. The temple sits west to east, covering an area of 27,800 square meters and a building area of 3,500 square meters. It is composed of the main buildings such as the mountain gate, the bell tower, the Heavenly King Hall, the Great Compassion Hall, the Huayan Tibetan Hall, the Monument Pavilion and the Wanfo Pavilion. All buildings are symmetrically arranged along a 300-meter-long central axis. Because it completely imitates the layout and design of the Forbidden City in Beijing, it is called "the palace in the deep mountains". All the temples are made of precious nanmu, with large scale, harmonious layout, rigorous structure, exquisite architecture and distinctive features. They are unique in China and are praised as "rare cultural relics in the early Ming Dynasty" by Chinese and foreign architectural experts. The ancient trees in the temple are towering, the weather is strict, the cornices are upturned and the momentum is magnificent. The Great Compassion Hall is a rare artistic treasure in the world, with thousands of hands and eyes carved by a whole nanmu, wheel sutras and clay dragons collected by Huayan, and painted murals all over the temple.
Hanshujiang Oil Pass: Jiangyouguan, located in Nanba Town, Pingwu County today, was originally named Jiangyouwei. It was a military fortress built in the 24th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 19) to prevent Cao Cao's troops from crossing the Motianling south. In the first year of Yan Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (263), Cao Wei recruited Deng, a general from the west, to attack Jiangyou. Ma Su, commander-in-chief of Shu-Han, surrendered without fighting, and Wei Jun marched in and captured Shu-Han, making Jiangyou's defenders famous all over the world. Since then, many customs have been set up here, either Jiangyou Customs or Fushui Customs, becoming one of the famous customs in northern Sichuan. At the same time, for more than 65,438+0,000 years before the sixth year of Li Zongbao in the Southern Song Dynasty (65,438+0,258), it was long-term governed by counties, counties and States, called Gulong House, which was the political, economic, military, transportation and cultural center of the upper reaches of Fujiang River, with profound historical and cultural accumulation. Near Jiangyouguan site, there are major scenic spots such as Niuxinshan, Fengchi Mountain, Spring and Mingyuedu, as well as places of interest such as Li Bai's reading platform, moving shrine, monument to Li's hometown, wife of Ma Miao, portrait of Wu Daozi Zhenwu ancestor, calligraphy and painting. Niuxinshan is said to be the tomb of Li Long, the distant ancestor of Li Tang royal family. That year, Wu Zetian sent someone to dig up Long Mai. After the restoration of Li, many people were sent to fill it out, and many magical and romantic stories were circulated.
Wang Lang Nature Reserve and Si Er Nature Reserve: Wang Lang Nature Reserve is located in the northwest corner of the county, which is closely related to Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong Temple scenic spots. 1965 was approved by the Sichuan Provincial People's Committee in September, and it is one of the earliest nature reserves established in China to protect rare wild animals such as giant pandas, golden monkeys and wildebeests and their living environment. The number of wild giant pandas in this area ranks first in China, and it is known as the "hometown of pandas". The reserve covers an area of 332 square kilometers, with an average elevation of 3,250 meters, an annual average temperature of 2.4 degrees Celsius and an annual average precipitation of 65,438 0.200 mm.. There are many kinds of wild animals and plants in the area, with outstanding characteristics and good ecological environment protection, which is very suitable for scientific investigation, jungle exploration and virgin forest sightseeing. The county has the same function as Wang Lang Nature Reserve, and the scenery is similar to Si Er Nature Reserve and Xiaohegou Nature Reserve newly built in recent years. Si Er Nature Reserve is located at the south foot of Xuebaoding, the main peak of Minshan Mountain in the west of the county, covering an area of 750 square kilometers. There are snow peaks, mountains, swift rivers, deep valleys, patches of natural grasslands, dense virgin forests, flying springs and waterfalls in the area, and rare birds and animals appear from time to time. The natural scenery is original, rough, magnificent and beautiful, which complements the scenery of Jiuzhai and Huanglongsu, which is famous for its freshness, beauty, elegance and exquisiteness.
Construction and development
In recent years, the county party committee and government have adhered to the policy of promoting development through enlightenment and development through development, led the people of all ethnic groups in the county to work hard, make unremitting efforts to strengthen infrastructure construction and improve the investment environment. By the end of 1999, the reconstruction project of Pingwu section of Chengdu-Jiuzhaigou Ring Road has been completed, and the third-class standard oil road in mountainous and hilly areas is 167 km. The link from Chengdu to Jiuzhai runs through Pingwu, and the county and township highway construction is in the ascendant. The pattern of roads connecting villages and towns has been formed, and the project of roads connecting villages and villages is under way. Posts and telecommunications have also realized optical fiber and digitalization. The installed capacity of local telephones in the county is 1 1487, and 8020 telephones have been installed, with a telephone penetration rate of 4%. Wireless paging and mobile phones have been opened, which makes Pingwu more closely connected with the outside world. 1994, the second batch of rural electrified counties in China was built. 1996, the county government decided to rebuild the old city. Now, the Simba District of Koharu has been built, the streets of the old city have been widened, and the city has taken on a new look. In 2000, Pingwu reached the standard of provincial sanitary county and passed the acceptance of Mianyang civilized city.
Wenchuan earthquake disaster:
In the 5. 12 Wenchuan earthquake, Pingwu County was a severely affected county, and 25 towns and villages in the county were completely affected, among which 3 towns and villages (Nanba Town, Pingtong Town and Shuiguan Township) were seriously affected. Most houses collapsed and were damaged, roads were blocked and communication was interrupted. According to the statistics of Pingwu County Earthquake Relief Headquarters, as of May 18 17, the earthquake disaster has caused 34,523 casualties in our county, including 365,438 people who died 1039 people who were injured and whose whereabouts are unknown. The disaster caused a total of 6.5438+0.35 million square meters of houses in our county to collapse, resulting in 4.54 million square meters of dangerous houses and 3.73 million square meters of slight damage.
In April of 20021year, Pingwu County ranked 58th in the list of the most beautiful villages in China 100.
In June 2020165438+1October, the list of the most beautiful counties in China in 2020 was released, and Pingwu County was on the list.
In June 2020, Pingwu County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Fourth Army)).
From 2065438 to March 2009, Pingwu County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Sichuan-Shaanxi area).
In September of 20 18, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties of rural e-commerce in 20 18 was released, and Pingwu County was on the list.
On February 20 17, Pingwu county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 16.