"Ji" is the name of a gate in Linzi, the capital of Qi, and "Xia Ji" is near Jimen, the capital of Qi, where the monarch of Qi established the Gong Xue. Gong Xue is called "Gong Xue, Xia Ji" because it lies under Xia Ji (with the same name as Hongdumen School in the Eastern Han Dynasty).

The Existence Time and Status of Xia Ji Gong Xue

During the Warring States period, Qi was a big country in the East, and Lu was not only weak, but also soon perished. During the Warring States Period, Gong Xue was the cultural holy land of Qi. Basically the same as the Tianqi regime, it lasted about 150 years with the demise of the Qin Dynasty.

Historical conditions for the establishment of Gong Xue in Xia Ji

Qi was the fief of Jiang Ziya, the founding minister of the Zhou Dynasty. Jiang Qi pursues the national policy of respecting sages and making contributions, and soon develops into a powerful country. During the Spring and Autumn Period, he once became the overlord. By 386 BC, Jiang, who had lost social support, fell out of power. After several generations' efforts, Tian, widely supported by all parts of Qi, replaced Jiang and Tian He as the monarch of Qi. The declining Zhou Dynasty recognized this on behalf of all countries in the Zhou Dynasty. This event is called Tian's Generation Qi. When the royal family changes, the country remains prosperous. For this kind of "usurpation", there has been little criticism, and even few people call it "usurpation". In this regard, Zhuangzi has a pungent comment that "whoever steals the hook will be punished for stealing the vassal of the country". "See Zhuangzi's Inner Chapter, Easy Travel."

Tian Ji's third-generation monarch, Qi Huangong Tian Ji (not Jiang Qi's Qi Huangong Jiang Xiaobai who dominated the Spring and Autumn Period-Xiaobai, Khan! This name will be laughed at now ...), in order to gather talents, Xia Ji Gong Xue was established outside the west gate of Linzi, the capital of Qi State, and scholars were named "doctors". Gong Xue lasted until the last Qi Dynasty, when King Tian Jian was established. Gong Xue did not disappear until Qin Shihuang unified China, and the existence time of Hetian Qi regime was basically the same.

The Essence and Characteristics of Xia Ji Gong Xue

Xia Ji and Gong Xue implemented the policies of "discussing state affairs without taking office", "discussing after death" and "keeping officials without responsibilities", with a strong academic atmosphere, freedom of thought and coexistence of hundred schools of thought. People call the scholar of Jixia Academy Mr. Xia Ji, and together with his disciples, he is called Bachelor of Xia Ji.

After Qi Weiwang acceded to the throne, in order to innovate politics, select and appoint talents, and open up new avenues, Jixia Academy was further expanded. Qi Xuanwang adopted a more enlightened policy, and the scale and achievements of Jixia Academy reached its peak (the allusion of "Fill in the blanks" was related to Qi Xuanwang). Qi Xuanwang has made great contributions to the development of Jixia Academy. At that time, scholars from all over the world flocked, including Zou Yan, Chunyu Kun, Tian Pian, meson, Shen Dao,. Seventy-six people were listed as doctors, but they all talked about it after death. (Historical Records Tian Duanjia) hundred schools of thought, Confucianism, Taoism, fame, law, Mohism, Yin and Yang, novels, vertical and horizontal, military strategists, farmers and other scholars gathered together to debate on topics such as the time between man and nature, the change of ancient and modern times, etiquette and law, Wang Ba, justice and benefit, and absorb each other for common development. And Xia Ji Gong Xue reached the peak. The world is called "a hundred schools of thought contend". In this regard, Sima Guang said in Xia Ji Fu: "For strangers thousands of miles away, there are always a hundred schools of thought contending."

However, in the later period, Zou Yan quickly left Qi for Yan, and then Qi almost defeated Yan. During the reign of King Xiang of Qi, the State of Qi was rebuilt. Although efforts were made to develop Jixia Xuegong, it still failed to return to its heyday.

The two most famous people in Jixia Academy are Mencius and Xunzi. Both of them worked in Gong Xue, Xia Ji, and Xunzi offered wine three times during the reign of King Qixiang.

After the son of King Xiang of Qi succeeded to the throne, Jixia Xuegong failed to continue to develop and disappeared with the demise of Qi.

The Historical Significance of Xia Ji Gong Xue

There were 70 doctors in the Qin Dynasty, which is said to have followed the tradition of Qi, Xia Ji and Gong Xue. In addition, Qin Yishu also made a ceremony for the Han Dynasty. After the ceremony, Liu bang once said, "I am in the name of the emperor." ), known as "the birth of millet".

Xia Ji Gong Xue has many functions: its members can not only act as a think tank of the government, but also write books and conduct academic research. Because of its wide enrollment of students, it has also played a very good educational effect, which can be said to be a very successful university. During the Warring States period, Sanjin was chaotic, and Chu was conservative and backward. Although Qin is new and its culture is not prosperous, Qi almost always leads the cultural trend. Almost all the cultural thoughts of China since Qin Dynasty can be traced back to Xia Ji. For example, Confucianism, which has ruled China for thousands of years, is basically the alternate use of Mencius and Xunzi's theories; Another example is Zou Yan's theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, which has been prevailing in China and is the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, there is the idea of Huang Lao, which was popular in the early Han Dynasty.

In the history of China for thousands of years, Xia Ji Gong Xue's academic atmosphere, freedom of thought and fruitful achievements are unique.

The Historical Position of Xia Ji Gong Xue

Judging from the implementation of the policy and the significance of its achievements, Xia Ji Gong Xue University can be said to be the first real university in the history of the world and the first institution of higher learning with academic freedom in many disciplines.