1. Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (256 BC-65438 BC+095 BC) Liu Bang was definitely a rogue "grassroots man". Even after he proclaimed himself emperor, his name changed. His real name was Sanliu (Liu Ji). Even the official history that is best at covering up the ugliness and disguise of the emperor dares not "rewrite" him into a hero born with great wisdom, great strategy and appreciation. Both Historical Records and Hanshu said that Liu Bang was a rogue, lazy, lustful, lazy and stubborn, and never engaged in agricultural production. Therefore, not only his neighbors greatly despise him, but even his father Taigong looks down on him and often compares his second son Liu Zhong with him. However, the history books do not record how Liu Bang answered at that time. Maybe this scoundrel is thick-skinned and doesn't take it seriously at all. Moreover, Liu Bang despises reading and scholars. It is recorded in the history books that when Liu Bang saw Confucian scholars, he would take off their hats and pee in them. What an asshole! Liu Bang is also the emperor I despise most, and I despise him from the bottom of my bones. Fate can fool people. After the death of Qin Shihuang, the world was in chaos, with swords and shadows, and the war was in chaos. Liu Bang, the director of Sishui Pavilion, also took advantage of the chaos, claiming to be Pei Gong and following Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu to conquer the whole country. When Xiang Yu fought Qin Jun's main force in the north of the Yellow River, Liu Bang invaded Xianyang and destroyed the Qin Dynasty. Subsequent historical facts, such as "Hongmen Banquet" and "Chu and Han contended", were not repeated until the South finally proclaimed itself emperor. Second, Liu Bei (16 1-223) Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty, no matter how hard Liu Bei was associated with Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan Jing, could not change the fact that Liu Bei was also a "grassroots". Romance of the Three Kingdoms and History of the Three Kingdoms all say that Liu Bei lost his father from childhood, lived alone with his mother, made a living by making mats and selling shoes, and lived in poverty. According to historical records, Liu Bei could see his ears with his hands knee-high, and he also learned the skill of invisibility. History also records that when Liu Bei was playing as a child, he pointed to the mulberry tree in front of the house that looked like an emperor's car cover and said, "I will sit under such a car cover in the future." This is probably invented by historians to whitewash Liu Bei's pretentious qualities and lofty ideals since childhood. Liu Bei began to make a fortune in the Yellow turban insurrectionary, fighting with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in various places, making meritorious deeds repeatedly, and began to have his own stronghold. However, in that era when heroes came forth in large numbers, princes were separated, scuffles continued, and the law of the jungle prevailed, Liu Bei's strength was really too small. Therefore, in order to protect himself and wait for the opportunity to show his grand plan, Liu Bei learned the character of patience and the spirit of compromise in cruel times. Liu Bei successively took refuge in Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Lu Bu, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and Sun Quan. He is an opportunist, a typical ingrate. Liu Bei is best at have it both ways and kicking down the ladder. Both Lu Bu and Cao Cao were kind enough to help him, but they were all calculated by Liu Bei. In particular, Lu Bu was indirectly killed by Liu Bei. Before he died, the angry Lu Bu shouted, "You are the guy with big ears." Cao Cao helped Liu Bei escape from danger, appointed him as Yuzhou Pastor, and let his army crusade against Yuan Shu. I didn't expect that Liu Bei's crusade against Yuan Shu was false, but the capture of Xuzhou was true. Cao Cao was dancing with anger. But such "little people" are regarded as heroes and saviors everywhere. Even the only hero in the Three Kingdoms period, such as Cao Cao, praised him and thought that he was one of the only two heroes on an equal footing with himself (the so-called "brewing hero" includes "the hero in the world today, only the monarch and Cao Er"). Battle of Red Cliffs asked Liu Bei to "reverse Gan Kun" and win Jingzhou and Yizhou in just a few years, becoming one of the three major forces tied with Cao Cao and Sun Quan. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei ascended the throne in Wudanshan, Chengdu, and immediately became hot-headed and attacked Sun Quan, calling it Guan Yu's revenge, but actually retaking Jingzhou. However, he was defeated by Lu Xun, the young general of Wu Dong, in the Battle of Xiaoting, and was burned for 700 miles, so he fled to Baidicheng. In 223, Liu Bei died of shame. 3. After Emperor Zhao Ming Xerox (274-333), Xerox's real name was Xerox, later named Shilong, and he was a descendant of Qiangqu in other parts of Xiongnu. Although his ancestors were small generals of the Qiang nationality, his generation in Xerox was poor. In the first year of Da 'an, Emperor Jinhui (302), there was famine and chaos in Bingzhou, and the ethnic minorities living here begged for food everywhere. Sima Teng, the secretariat of Bingzhou at that time, sold a large number of ethnic minorities to Hebei, Shandong and other places. When Schleswig was in his twenties, he was plundered by a general, two Hu and one cangue, brought to Shandong, and sold to chiping landlords as domestic slaves. Shi Huan saw that he was energetic, bold and good at riding and shooting, so he let him go. Schleswig-Holstein was still a servant and was once again captured by the rebels. Without letting a man live, he called eight riders, including Wang Yang, thieves, and then ten riders, including Ao Guo, defected to become eighteen riders. Schleswig-Holstein took part in the shepherd uprising led by Eighteen Riders and joined Gong. Gong was killed, Schleswig and fled. Sanjay formed his army, and Schleswig was his deputy. Defeated nomads from the army repeatedly and killed Sima Teng. After Sanchi was defeated and killed, Schleswig took refuge in Liu Cong, the former Emperor of Zhao, and moved to Hebei, where he made repeated military exploits. 3 1 1 In April, Schleswig defeated the main force of 8 Jin Army led by Wang Yan in Kujun, burned the spiritual pivot of Sima Yue, the most powerful figure in the East China Sea at that time, and claimed to avenge the world to vent his resentment against the rulers of Sima Yue. In June, Liu Yao attacked Luoyang, Schleswig led the army to help capture Luoyang, and Emperor Huai of Jin moved to Pingyang, and the Western Jin regime suffered a devastating blow. 3 19 years ago, Zhao was in civil strife, and Schleswig became independent from the former Zhao and established the post-Zhao Dynasty. In 329, Schleswig defeated and killed former Zhao Emperor Liu Yao in Luoyang, basically unifying the north of the Yellow River. In 330, Schleswig proclaimed himself emperor, completing the final transformation from slave to supreme ruler. Schleswig-Holstein is an effective minority monarch He cherished people's resources, encouraged agricultural production and restored the broken northern economy. Attach importance to national unity and oppose bullying the Han nationality; Attach importance to Confucian education and set up schools; Advocate thrift and oppose waste; Appoint counselors such as Zhang Bin and other Han people, select sages, conduct assessments, and be politically clear; Carry out reform and promote the sinicization of Qiang nationality. It can be said that Schleswig was a rare monarch at that time and played a positive role in social development and national integration. 4. Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties (363-422) and Emperor Wu of Song Wudi (363-422), whose names were Deyu and nicknamed slaves. My ancestors were from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and later moved to Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). The founder of the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties was called Song Wudi. An outstanding politician, strategist and commander-in-chief in the history of China. According to the book of Song Dynasty. The Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the descendant of Liu Jiao, the younger brother of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. According to the Book of Song Dynasty and the Biography of Liang Wudi, Liu Yusheng was born in March of the first year of Xingning, that is, in April of 16. Born, my mother died, and my father Liu Qiao wanted to abandon Emperor Wu of Song because of his poor family. Liu Huai, the mother of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in the same county as Emperor Wu of Song, is the mother of Emperor Wu of Song. At that time, Liu had not yet had a full moon. Hearing this, she went to stop Liu Qiao and "broke her arm and respected her breast" (Zi Jian. Volume 1 1 1). When Emperor Wu of Song grew up, "Xiong Jie was generous, seven feet six inches long, strong in character, and didn't care about shame" (History of the Southern Emperor Wu), and he was also very filial to his stepmother (the stepmother had two sons, Liu Daogui and Liu Daoliu). But I only know words, and I sell shoes as a profession. Because Emperor Wu of Song likes gambling, he is looked down upon by his neighbors. It was such a person who later became the founding emperor, so some people called it "cold power." V. Chen Gaozu, Chen Baxian (503-559) and Chen Baxian (503-559), nicknamed Fa Sheng. Born in Xiazuo Temple in Changcheng County (now Changxing County). Wen Yuan Hua Ying said that Chen Baxian was "the husband of Huo Gengshui and the son of Gui Dou" and his family was poor. However, Chen Baxian had a wide range of interests when he was a teenager. The ancient official history commented on him as a teenager: magnanimous, ambitious, indifferent to family property, "knowledgeable and decisive, and convinced at that time", also known as Chen Baxian, "a talented person, dabbling in historical records, fond of reading military books, knowledgeable, withdrawn, and martial". Chen Baxian's political career was also very bumpy. According to Nan Shi and ancient books, Chen Baxian "used to be in the village. Later, Jiankang (now Nanjing) was the history of oil depots. "In the Southern Dynasties, there were townships under the county and villages in the countryside. Reese is in charge of a mile of land. It can be seen that Chen Baxian had a hard time when he was young, and his career started from a very low position. Soon, he served as the herald of New Hou Yu Xiaoying (nephew of Liang Wudi). Because of Xiao Ying's esteem, Xiao Ying was appointed as the secretariat of Guangzhou, and Chen Baxian was awarded the rank of Zhongzhibing to join the army. He soon became the governor of Xijiang, and he wanted to be a satrap. In the 10th year of Liang Datong (544), there was a mutiny in Guangzhou and Xiao Ying was besieged. Chen Baxian led 3000 soldiers to clear the field in World War I, which attracted the attention of Liang Wudi. At this point, Chen Baxian's life trajectory began to change, step by step towards glory. In 552, Chen Baxian took charge of the military power of Nanliang together with another general, Wang Sengbian, for his meritorious service in pacifying the Hou Jing Rebellion. But "do you allow others to sleep soundly by the sofa?" Ambitious, of course, can't tolerate Wang Sengbian competing for the highest power with himself, and a decisive battle between Chen and Wang is inevitable. In 554, Emperor Yuan Liang was killed by the Western Wei in Jiangling. In 555, the Northern Qi Dynasty sent Nanliang to surrender to the noble Xiao Yuanming as a puppet emperor. Wang Sengbian was forced to show support, while Chen Baxian firmly opposed it. In September, he rose up in Jiangkou, used the voice of the whole country to crusade against Wang and Xiao, successfully achieved the goal of killing Wang Sengbian and abolishing Xiao Yuanming, and finally mastered the Nanliang regime. In 557, Chen Baxian was proclaimed emperor by Ceng Liang and established the Chen regime. Chen Baxian was born in troubled times. Although he fought many battles, he cleaned up a country that needed to be revived. After three years in office, politics has become clear and the situation in Jiangnan has gradually stabilized. In May 559, Chen Baxian died of illness. Six, Zhu Wen (852-9 12) Zhu Wen is definitely a rogue, rogue "rebellious emperor" after Liu Bang, but his character is worse than Liu Bang, and his humanity is more cruel. Zhu Wen and his three brothers, their father died early, and their mother took three brothers as servants in Liu Chonggu, a big family in Xiaoxian County. Among the three brothers, Zhu Wen, the third, was the fiercest and most rogue, so he was often whipped by his master. In 877, Zhu Wen took part in the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty led by Huang Chao, and gradually emerged. After Huang Chao captured Chang 'an, Zhu Wen was the pioneer of Southeast Camp. After capturing the same state, he was appointed as the defense ambassador of the same state. In 882, when the army of the Tang Dynasty counterattacked, Zhu Wen was also suspected by Huang Chao, so he took refuge in the Tang Dynasty, which in turn served as a deep-water bomb to suppress the rebels and was named Quan Zhong. In 883, he served as my ambassador to Xuanwujun (now Kaifeng, Henan) and recruited envoys from Northeast China. In 884, Quan Zhong and Li Keyong jointly suppressed the Huang Chao Uprising Army, paving a road to the central government with the blood of their comrades. In the following 10 years, Zhu Quanzhong gradually annexed the Central Plains provinces and Hebei Province by virtue of the superior geographical conditions of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan). In the central government, they colluded with some bureaucrats who were dissatisfied with the eunuch's authoritarian power, cracked down on the eunuch's power and remotely controlled the emperor. In 90 1 year, he was made King Liang. In the same year, Zhu Wen took full control of the eunuchs and the Central Committee. In 904, Quan Zhong sent someone to kill Zhao Zong and set up his son Lizhu (Eddie). In 907, Quanzhong was abolished as emperor, and the country name was changed to Huang, which was the emperor of Houliang. Kaifeng, the capital of Kaifeng (once moved to Luoyang), is the national name Liang, which was called Hou Liang in history and later renamed Kaiping. Zhu Wen paid more attention to agricultural production and reformed the disadvantages accumulated in the Tang Dynasty. However, he fought with Li Keyong and Li Cun, the nobles of Shatuo in Taiyuan, and lost a lot of manpower and material resources, and gradually lost his military superiority. He is cruel by nature, killing people at will and creating a horrible social atmosphere. In terms of private life, it is even a mess, and even openly "scraping ash" with the daughters-in-law, causing hatred among philosophers. In his later years, due to the undecided heir to the throne, the internal contradictions of the royal family were sharp. In 9 12, he was killed by his second son Zhu, ending his sinful life. 7. Liu Zhiyuan (895-948) was the founder of the post-Han Empire, and Liu Zhiyuan was the monarch of ethnic minorities. He and Li, the founding father of the later Tang Dynasty, the traitor and Shi Jingtang, the "son emperor", belong to the Shatuo family, but their origins are much more humble. Although Liu Zhiyuan proclaimed himself emperor and dragged his distant ancestor to the royal family in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is undeniable that by his generation, he had completely "disappeared from the crowd". Liu Zhiyuan was very introverted when he was a child, and he was usually quiet. He is often ill because of his weak constitution. Moreover, his eyes are more white and less black, and his face is purple and black, giving people a very dignified feeling. Because of his poor family when he was young, Liu Zhiyuan exiled the army and became a slave, so he released his horse in Jinyang. When I released my horse, I was bound and beaten by monks because the horse trampled the crops in the temple territory. It is said that Liu Zhiyuan had a crush on a girl named Li when he was in Jinyang. When he proposed, he had to "plug the door backwards" and enter the girl's house as her husband. Visible, Liu Zhiyuan is really disorderly to the extreme. In the later Tang Dynasty, Liu Zhiyuan joined the army and took refuge in Li Keyong's adopted son Li Siyuan, who was independent of Hedong. His position is very low and there is no prospect of promotion. Later, because he saved the life of general Shi Jingtang twice, he was left as a dental school by Shi Jingtang. After Shi Jingtang served as our time in Hedong, Liu Zhiyuan was promoted to the commander of the "Ma bu" or horse stance just look, thus winning the trust of Shi Jingtang. In 936, Liu Zhiyuan made suggestions for Shi Jingtang and established the post-Jin Empire. Shi Jingtang reciprocated with Liu Zhiyuan's responsibility, and finally promoted him to Hedong our time. After Shi Jingtang's death, his adopted son turned against the Khitan, and Liu Zhiyuan began to actively prepare for Jin's independence. He also began to disobey the orders of the imperial court. In 946, the Khitan went south to eliminate the late Jin Dynasty, and Liu Zhiyuan immediately proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan, establishing the empire of the late Han Dynasty. After the Khitan returned to the customs under the fierce resistance of the Central Plains people, Liu Zhiyuan also entered Kaifeng, where he was promoted to his hometown after the rule. Liu Zhiyuan's main achievement is to use the people's enthusiasm to fight against Qidan, which not only drove it out of the Central Plains, but also curbed Qidan's intention to commit crimes again, and played a positive role in restoring production in the war-torn Central Plains. Liu Zhiyuan died in 948, less than two years after he became emperor. Li Bian (888-943), a martyr in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was born in Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province), whose proper name was Peng Nv. His father, whose real name is Pan and Ming Rong, is a devout Buddhist. When Li Bian was six years old, his father died in battle and went to Huainan with his mother and uncle. Soon, his mother died unfortunately, and the orphan Li had to make a living in the temple. Later, Yang Xingmi sent troops to support Shandong Teacher Wang, and got him when he attacked Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui). Seeing that he is smart and cute, I want to accept him as an adopted son, but my own sons are strongly opposed. Yang Xingmi had no choice but to give him to his subordinate Xu Wen, and Li Bian became Xu Wen's adopted son and changed his name to Xu Zhimo. When Xu Zhimo grew up, he was not only outstanding in appearance, but also courageous. He is kind, sincere and popular, and his prestige is higher than that of Xu Wen's other sons. Therefore, Xu Wen often rebukes his son for not being as good as Xu Zhimo, causing the envy of scholars from all walks of life. Various schools of thought tried to plot against him many times, but all of them saved the day because Xu Zhigu was popular and good at Tibetans. After Yang Xingmi's death, Xu Wen took charge of Nanwu, and Xu Zhimo also held an important position because of his outstanding ability and became the right-hand man of his adoptive father. After Xu Wen's death, Xu Zhimo presided over the state affairs with the help of Song and others. In 937, Yang Pu, the emperor of the Southern Wu Dynasty, was abolished and the Southern Tang regime was established. After Xu Zhimo acceded to the throne, he claimed to be a descendant of Tangmen and changed his name to Li Bian. During his reign, he was pro-government, loved the people, practiced frugality and pursued good-neighborly diplomacy, which made important contributions to the stable development of Nantang. Nine, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang (1328- 1398) Zhu Yuanzhang is one of the most famous "grassroots emperors" known to the people. There are countless stories, rumors and operas about Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang's young name is Ba, also known as Xingzong, and the word is Guo Gong. Zhou Hao Li Zhong (now Fengyangdong, Anhui) was born. Being born in poverty, the family almost died in the great famine. Forced by life, Zhu Yuanzhang became a monk in Huang Jue Temple as a teenager and was bullied by monks. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Zixing, a member of the Red Scarf Army, fought against the Yuan Dynasty under Guo Zixing's command, and won his trust. Guo Zixing also married his adopted daughter Ma Shi to Zhu Yuanzhang, later known as "Bigfoot Ma Huanghou". After Guo Zixing's death, his son Guo Tianxu took over the school and was accepted by Han Liner, Wang Xiaoming. Zhu Yuanzhang was also appointed as deputy marshal left. After Guo Tianxu died, Zhu Yuanzhang took over the whole army. Then, Zhu Yuanzhang marched south of the Yangtze River, captured Qing Ji (Nanjing) in 1356, and changed its name to Yingtian. Since then, Zhu Yuanzhang took Yingtian as his base and successively captured Changzhou, Jiangyin, Changshu, Huizhou (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) and Yangzhou. He also accepted the suggestion of Zhu Sheng, an old Confucian in Huizhou, that "build a wall high, accumulate grain widely, and slow down to be king", so as to reclaim land in time to build water conservancy and restore agricultural productivity. 1363, Han Liner defected to Zhu Yuanzhang and was completely controlled by him. With the increase of power, Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated the separatist forces such as Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng, Fang Guozhen, Chen Youding and Ming Sheng, and assassinated Han Liner to unify the south. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian and established the Ming Dynasty. In the same year, General Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were sent to the Northern Expedition, which drove Shun Di, the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, out of the Commissioner's office and formally unified the north and the south. After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he vigorously strengthened the autocratic monarchy, abolished the post of prime minister, and integrated power into one; Daxing literary inquisition suppresses social thoughts and creates a horrible atmosphere; Daxing "Hu and Blue Party Prison" killed heroes and heroes, causing great social terror; Establish specialized institutions such as Royal Guards to closely monitor public opinion; Scholars were made king and stationed in the local area with the intention of maintaining the rule. Of course, Zhu Yuanzhang also made many achievements in promoting social stability, encouraging production, selecting talents, cracking down on corruption and reforming administrative institutions. Zhu Yuanzhang is a monarch with mixed merits and demerits. His life is full of magical colors. 1398, Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness. X. Li Zicheng (1606- 1645), Emperor of Dashun Yongchang, Li Zicheng (1606- 1645), leader of peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. Formerly known as Hongji. When he proclaimed himself emperor, he regarded Li as Mao. Licun, Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province. When I was a child, I worked as a shepherd for the landlord (once I said my family was rich) and as a postal courier in Yinchuan. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), he rebelled and fought bravely under Gao Yingxiang. At the Xingyang Congress in 1988, he put forward an operational plan of dividing troops and attacking in four ways, which was approved by the leaders of various ministries and gained increasing prestige. The following year, after Gao Yingxiang's death, he continued to be called Chuangwang. Eleven years in Tongguan defeat, only rate Liu Zongmin and more than ten people, hidden in Shangluo (at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi) mountainous area. The next year, the mountain rose again. Thirteen years later, he was trapped in Yudu Mountain, Brazil, and broke through with fifty riders and entered Henan. At that time, the famine in the Central Plains was serious and the class contradictions were extremely acute. Yan Li put forward slogans such as "even the fields are not paid", which were welcomed by the broad masses of the people, and there was a ballad of "welcoming the king and refusing food". The army has grown to millions and become the main force of the peasant war. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Xiangyang was called Xinshun King. In the same year, in Ruzhou (now Linru), Henan Province, Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, was completely annihilated and successfully occupied xi 'an. In the first month of the following year, the Dashun regime, named Yongchang, was established. 1645 In May, he was killed by the landlord in Jiugongshan, Tongshan County (now Hubei Province) at the age of 40. The tragedy of Li Zicheng is that he didn't clearly realize the arduousness, complexity and long-term nature of seizing and consolidating political power, and he was politically "naive" and ended up in a tragic end.