BC 1 1 century, after the destruction of the Shang State, Kundi, the minister of meritorious service, made his brother Shudu (the fifth son) in Cai (now southwest of Shangcai, Henan). During the Spring and Autumn Period, Cai was forced by the State of Chu to move to Xincai (now Henan) for many times, and Zhao Hou moved to Zhou (now Fengtai, Anhui), which was destroyed by the State of Chu in 447 AD. In the pre-Qin period, Cai's family mainly developed and multiplied in present-day Henan and Anhui, and some of them went abroad to be officials and stayed in the local area. At present, there are residents surnamed Cai in Beijing, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi and other nine places in the Warring States period, and there are also people surnamed Cai in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Han Dynasty, but now Henan is still the main residential area of people surnamed Cai. Qixian County, Henan Province, was the center of the development and reproduction of the Cai family until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Cai lived in present-day Ningxia and Gansu. Cai moved to Fujian. Since then, a large number of people surnamed Cai have moved from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan Province Province, and some have moved to Southeast Asia and Europe and America. In Guiyang (now Chenzhou City, Hunan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Cai Lun who summarized the experience of papermaking with hemp fiber since the Western Han Dynasty and improved papermaking. Because it was later passed down as the inventor of papermaking in China. There were writers and calligraphers Cai Yong and Chen Liulai in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who were proficient in history, temperament, astronomy and painting. His daughter Cai Yan, named Wenxi, is knowledgeable, eloquent and proficient in temperament. Cai Bin was a painter in Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty, and he was good at drawing figures. Most of the celebrities surnamed Cai in the Song Dynasty came from Fujian, Cai Xiang, a calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, Cai Jiu, a lawyer and philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Cai Shen, a scholar. Cai Songnian was a state-owned writer in Jin Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was Cai Wu IX, the leader of Jiangxi peasant uprising, and in the Ming Dynasty, there was Cai, the leader of Sichuan peasant uprising. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a rebel leader named Cai Qian in the southeast sea. Cai Yuanpei, a modern educator, and Cai E, an old democratic revolutionary in China, are now ranked 44th in China.