There is no unearthed Jesus, and the body of Jesus can't be found. Western history is also mostly false. History does not appear out of thin air. Without a little material and cultural foundation, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties could not be born at once. If the etiquette culture system of the Zhou Dynasty was created out of thin air without the previous foundation, then we can only say that everyone looks great, and we may all be created by immortals or aliens.
Let's find out what a dynasty is, shall we? The Shang Dynasty is not without history, but it is difficult to prove that it is a dynasty, just like the Indians have a long history in the United States. What dynasty was the United States called before its founding? He has territory, nationality and language, so do these Indians have dynasties? We can agree that China myth is an important part of Chinese civilization, but history needs textual research, otherwise it cannot be regarded as a discipline. Because there is no research result, someone gives up, so let's just say forget it. We should take seriously what the ancients said. Is this a scientific attitude? It is estimated that these people also have this kind of mentality when they study, and how to learn according to what the teacher says. Without the spirit of questioning, they will not achieve anything in their studies. Some people even lead the contradiction to the perspective of cultural confrontation between China and the West, euphemistically calling it cultural self-confidence.
Isn't there anything to prove about the historical sites before Shang Dynasty? Did someone create Oracle Bone Inscriptions overnight? Is there a complete gap between Longshan culture and Shang Dynasty? Is there no transition between the two? Bronzes in Shang dynasty all emerged overnight? Has the city learned to build a big palace at once? Is there no record of Xia Dynasty in Oracle Bone Inscriptions? Many people pay attention to evidence. Isn't this evidence? In the Qing dynasty, westerners refused to recognize the existence of Shang dynasty, so there was no evidence?
The Xia Dynasty certainly existed, but the capital city has not been discovered. At that time, productivity was not good, and many things were hard to preserve. The archaeological discovery of granaries in Huaiyang District, Zhoukou, Henan Province was in the Xia Dynasty, and the ancient Yellow River often flooded, such as Shangqiu, Zhoukou and Kaifeng in Henan Province. In some places, the ancient mu of the Ming Dynasty was 3-4 meters underground, and it was definitely deeper in the Xia Dynasty, so it was not easy to be found. Taikang, the third king of Xia Dynasty, likes hunting. After being usurped by Hou Yi, he was unable to return to China and finally died in Taikang County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. Of course, the capital cannot be too far away. How far can a horse hunt run? Xia Guodu is estimated to be most likely somewhere within 300-400 kilometers from Fiona Fang, Taikang County.
There may be a dynasty like Xia in the cultural pedigree, but there is no relevant archaeological evidence to prove it, and it is still doubtful. But I personally have the same doubts about the so-called ancient Greek civilization in the West. After all, there is not a trace of the original works of ancient Greek sages, and there is no such ancient prose dispute as China. Everything is an isolated proof, and it is unique and extremely correct, so it is more like a forgery by future generations. You know, there was no paper in ancient Greece. If bamboo slips and the complete works of Aristotle can be regarded as the Great Wall, there is no shortage of one or two. If it is parchment, the price is too high to form such a long masterpiece. I'm not a professional, I'm just asking my questions.
I always say that historical questions should be looked back with history, but I don't agree to answer historical questions with modern eyes. The discussion about Xia Dynasty has a long history. I think the Xia Dynasty existed, and social development was a gradual process. It is impossible for an enterprise to appear out of thin air. Highly developed businesses in society must have been inherited from the previous period. If it's not summer ahead, what is it? There will always be an inheritance. You can't deny the existence of summer without finding anything. Didn't people believe in round places a long time ago? Not finding it doesn't mean it doesn't exist.
1 Historical Records were written two thousand years ago, just as we know that there were Qin and Han Dynasties two thousand years ago. Why didn't people two thousand years ago know their history two thousand years ago? And what's the point of the ancients lying to our descendants two thousand years ago? During the Republic of China, most scholars believed that Historical Records was forged and the Shang Dynasty did not exist. However, when more and more objects were unearthed, people found that all historical records were true. Now China people would rather trust foreigners than their ancestors. It's really sad.
2. Historically, after the reunification of the new dynasty, the history of the former dynasty will be tampered with and destroyed. I won't list many examples. Take Qin Wei as an example. Apart from the terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang and the bamboo slips of Crouching Tiger, there is almost nothing to prove the existence of Qin. If the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was burned by Xiang Yu at that time, wouldn't there be Qin? Are all the records in the history books wrong? This view is ridiculous.
3. The civilization of Shang Dynasty can't appear out of thin air. For example, the primitive tribes used stone tools the day before, and the next day they made a large number of exquisite artifacts with bronzes. With mature characters and advanced systems, do you think it is possible? We can think that the Xia Dynasty does not exist academically, but it should have its place in our hearts, and we should try our best to prove its existence, instead of following others' advice. If others say it doesn't exist, it really doesn't exist.
Many things in western countries are two standards, with the poet's singing as evidence. The Xia dynasty was just that there were no words representing Xia on the cultural relics unearthed at that time At the same time, there are already cities. There is evidence, words appear, but rarely. The Xia Dynasty was just a representative force spoken by the ancient people of China for the sake of orthodoxy. At that time, the situation should be a separatist regime of various forces. Our Chinese civilization can't be completely handed down by one tribe, but it has been promoted through continuous integration. Today's China has experienced accumulation and integration through the ages, and only constant absorption and integration is the way to live forever.
Most people are obsessed with the rigor of archaeology. Two different civilizations, like China and Europe, should not think about China with the thinking of European archaeology. The continuation of Chinese civilization is also different from that of ancient Greece and Rome. At least, there are more documents that can be preserved in China than in Greece and Rome. In terms of rigor, the history and records of historians in China are definitely more rigorous than those in Europe. The theocratic society and external forces in Europe are too unstable due to multiple factors, and the political power is easily controlled by religion. In a word, the rigor of western archaeology is beyond doubt.
No archaeology can completely restore history, and we should have at least trust and respect for the records of ancient history. This ancient historian's spirit of "spreading the letter to the letter" is discussed by today's people, and everything happens for a reason. Others turn a blind eye, and there are not many remains of the Xia Dynasty. How can you deny it with people's delusions? It is suggested to read the historical records first, and then consult the detailed archaeological reports of the past decades, and make a detailed comparison with the relics in various places, so as to know that what Shi Qian said is true.
As for the Xia Dynasty, I understand it this way. There are records in the history books, but only a few words, and there is really no cultural relic to prove it. Many people think that the sudden development of Shang dynasty should have a process, so there was a former dynasty. In fact, a large number of cultural relics in the Shang Dynasty are late, and the early ones are basically blank. It seems that the Xia Dynasty does not necessarily exist.
Our history education began in the Xia Dynasty, so the Xia Dynasty existed, but it needs to be marked as controversial. After all, we should look at it scientifically. No evidence to prove its existence does not deny its real existence, but there is no evidence, but on the other hand, you can't say that it definitely exists. It is absurd to say that something that has not been proved must exist.
The Xia dynasty should exist, but it may not be a dynasty, but it was just a transition from primitive tribes to a royal society. The so-called abdication should also exist, but at that time it should be the clergy and priests in charge of ideology to rule the society. The abdication is the general election of the branch secretary of the brigade, and there is no need to pass on the power to the next generation. Most importantly, I may not know who the next generation is. Businessmen should be foreign invaders. They brought advanced civilization, combined with primitive indigenous culture, and started Chinese civilization. Just like the previous Huangdi tribe and later Zhou and other ethnic cultures in the northwest, they have continuously injected fresh races and cultures into Chinese civilization, forming today's Chinese civilization. Any culture and race, if not integrated with other cultures and races, will inevitably become rigid and corrupt.
Modern archaeology was obviously misled by Sima Qian's Historical Records. There were a large number of wild elephants, rhinoceroses and crocodiles in the Yellow River 4000 years ago, which shows that the climate in Henan at that time was simply the climate in Vietnam now. So why must we look for summer from the theoretical Central Plains areas such as Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi? Why can't we go north to Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Liaoning? You can't go south to Zhejiang, Sichuan or even Guangdong and Guangxi. Ironically, Shimao Ancient City and Liangchu Ancient City are not in the traditional Central Plains, and Sanxingdui is obviously more advanced in smelting technology than Shang Dynasty at the same time.
This so-called Central Plains plot makes some old pedants unwilling to believe that there is no more advanced civilization in China except the Central Plains. What are they afraid of subverting? Such a famous queen, Fu Hao, is not recorded in Historical Records. The records about summer and before summer in Historical Records can be said to be completely unfounded, and there are too many rumors. Archaeology should adopt a pioneering attitude. Too many central plains plots will lead to the stagnation of archaeological research, and the ancients have the habit of changing history and discriminating against conquered areas. Otherwise, the locations of Shimao Ancient City and Liangchu Ancient City have always been considered as barbarians in the Central Plains, and we modern people must liberate the shackles in our minds.
There is a possibility: Xia is a legend of Shang, and Xia and Shang coexist at the same time, but Xia is not in China, but in the Middle East. Shang is not a dynasty, and merchants claim to be. Up to now, all businessmen can be called businessmen. The real Chinese civilization can only be counted from the Zhou Dynasty, because the country was established on Monday and has a mature system and writing. So what is the situation of quotient?
Businessmen may just be people who travel between the east and the west, that is, traders who barter things, calling themselves businessmen. The place where they go to the west is called summer, but the East doesn't know what it is called. After a week, it's called Zhou. I think the evidence of Shang Dynasty is insufficient, but there are "Shang" people, and Xia Dynasty has no evidence, but they may not be in China.
Can ancient books recorded more than 2000 years ago be faked? More than two thousand years ago, did the ancients have textual research on modern archaeological concepts? Did Sima Qian write Xia Benji to be famous? Historical Records proved to be a faithful history. Sima Qian made a rigorous textual research on the historical facts before the Zhou Dynasty, and the history discipline was the most reliable evidence. Instead of calling it a clue. China people should not sell themselves short, but have their own cultural confidence. Chinese characters come down in one continuous line for thousands of years, naturally deduced and the system is mature and complete.
However, the history of western writing is only a few hundred years, which is completely different from the writing discovered by archaeology thousands of years ago. Although their explanation of translation is logical, it is not necessarily reliable. The dust of time has covered too many traces of civilization, and the farther away the traces of history are, the more blurred they become. But the glory of history discipline will never be erased.