Normalization of Sino-US relations

(1) In the 1970s, for the benefit of its global strategy, the United States advocated gradually ending Sino-US confrontation and began to adjust its China policy. In order to resist the threat of the Soviet Union and reduce the obstacles to solving the problem of Taiwan Province Province, the China administration is also prepared to improve its relations with the United States on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

(2) 1972, US President Nixon visited China, and China and the United States issued the Sino-US Joint Communique in Shanghai. Since then, more than 20 years of confrontation between China and the United States have ended and relations between the two countries have begun to normalize.

(3) 1978, the United States agreed to the three principles of "breaking off diplomatic relations, withdrawing troops and abrogating the treaty" on the issue of Taiwan Province Province, and China and the United States issued a joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations. (4) China and the United States established formal diplomatic relations from 65438 to 0979.

3. The tortuous development of Sino-US relations

(1) On the issue of Taiwan Province Province, the United States is partial to Taiwan Province Province in an attempt to create "two China" and "one China, one Taiwan" internationally, which hinders the peaceful reunification of China and seriously affects the normal development of Sino-US relations.

(2)1On May 8, 1999, the US-led NATO brazenly attacked China's embassy in Yugoslavia with missiles, which brought Sino-US relations to the lowest point.

(3) On April 1 2006, US military aircraft crashed into and destroyed China military aircraft off the southeast coast of China, which made Sino-US relations deteriorate for a time.

(4) In April 2005, the Japan-US Security Agreement listed the situation in the Taiwan Strait as the content of military cooperation. ……

Long-term historical development shows that as long as the United States abides by the principles of the three joint communiques and respects China's sovereignty and the feelings of the China people, Sino-US relations will develop healthily. The healthy development of Sino-US relations is a win-win situation for both China and the United States, and is also conducive to the peaceful development of the world.

Third, the stage characteristics of Sino-US relations.

(1) followed Britain and France and got their hands on China. From the middle of19th century, the United States followed Britain and France to join the war of aggression against China. Smuggling opium to China forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-US Treaty of Seeking Government in order to seize the privilege of invading China. 65438+ Taiwan Province Province coveted our territory in the 1960s.

Reason: As a fledgling, the economic and military strength are not rivals of Britain and France; Committed to the development of the western region; Busy in solving the contradiction between the domestic north and south economic systems.

(2) "Open Door" invaded China independently. In order to deepen and expand the rights and interests of American invasion of China, 1899, the United States put forward an "open door" policy, that is, on the premise of recognizing the rights and interests of foreign powers invading China, it demanded "all benefits sharing". This policy shows that the United States has an independent policy of invading China.

Reasons: After the second industrial revolution, the industrial output value ranked first in the world, and the strength of the United States rose; The end of the Spanish-American War gave the United States a base for invading China.

(3) Help Li and Chiang Kai-shek to control China. After the failure of the Revolution of 1911, China entered the period of Northern Warlords' rule, and imperialist countries sought agents in China. During the First World War, the United States supported Li and actively supported Chiang Kai-shek's regime in the late 1920s, thus achieving the goal of controlling China for more than 20 years. During this period, American merchandise exports to China (193 1 year) ranked first.

(4) During World War II, China and the United States cooperated. 194 1 The Pacific War broke out and the United States fought the war. In order to defeat the common enemy, China and the United States have established cooperative relations. The United States assisted China in the war of resistance from military and economic aspects, and China's war of resistance effectively cooperated with the United States in its war against Japan in the Pacific battlefield.

(5) To help Chiang fight against the Communist Party and control China. After the end of World War II, the economic strength and military strength of the United States were greatly enhanced. With its powerful strength, the United States tries to dominate the world. In order to control China, the United States carried out an anti-communist policy of supporting Chiang Kai-shek and paid for guns to help Chiang Kai-shek launch an anti-communist and anti-people civil war. 1950 Sent the Seventh Fleet into the Strait of Taiwan Province Province to obstruct China's liberation of Taiwan Province Province.

Reasons: the United States has further strengthened its strength and pursued hegemonism in the world; In order to curb the development of * * * in China;

(6) Political isolation, economic blockade and confrontation. 1949 when the new country was founded, the western world, led by the United States, refused to recognize it and imposed a military siege, diplomatic isolation and economic blockade on the newly born People's Republic of China (PRC), which led to an all-round confrontation between China and the United States.

Reasons: The cold war broke out in the international background, and the United States and the Soviet Union competed for hegemony; China's one-sided policy; American global expansion containment strategy.

(7) China and the United States move towards reconciliation and establish diplomatic relations; The road ahead is full of twists and turns. From 65438 to 0972, President Nixon visited China, and China and the United States signed the Shanghai Communique, which ended the confrontation for more than 20 years and began the normalization of relations between the two countries. 1978, the United States agreed to the three principles of "breaking off diplomatic relations, withdrawing troops and abrogating the treaty" on the issue of Taiwan Province Province, and China and the United States issued a joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations. 1979 China and the United States establish formal diplomatic relations.

Reason: Improving Sino-US relations is the common demand of China and the United States.

United States: A. With the improvement of China's international status, the United States has to admit the development of the new China and its great role in international affairs, and the policy of isolating China has failed. B. the United States is on the defensive in the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union, and it is beneficial for the United States to consider improving relations with China.

China: A, improving Sino-US relations is very beneficial to improving China's international status and responding to threats from the Soviet Union; Improving Sino-US relations is also of great significance to solving the problem of Taiwan Province Province and realizing the great cause of national reunification.

In the 1990s, there was constant friction between the two countries. After the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the two sides began to cooperate in a wide range of fields, which played a positive role in the economic and cultural development of China and the United States. But there are also many contradictions and conflicts. The United States has never given up its hegemonic policy, and has made things difficult for China around the issues of Taiwan Province Province and human rights in Sino-US relations, resulting in the tortuous development of Sino-US relations. In particular, the issue of Taiwan Province Province has become the focus of Sino-US relations.

Fourth, the relationship between the U.S. imperialist policy of aggression against China and its global strategy.

(1)1In the first half of the 9th century, the U.S. foreign strategic expansion focused on its expansion in the United States, with "Monroe Doctrine" as its basic policy. Shortly after independence, the United States could not compete with the European powers, but could only follow the western powers on the issue of aggression against China.

(2)1In the late 9th century, American foreign strategy was to establish hegemony in the western hemisphere. At the same time, actively participate in the activities of imperialism to carve up the world, put forward the policy of "open door and equal opportunity" and share the rights and interests with the great powers in China.

(3) After World War I, the United States dominated world affairs by virtue of its strong economic strength, and pursued "Jinyuan diplomacy" around the world. In the policy of invading China, it revived the old decline of open door, and the essence of the "open door" policy was the concrete application of its foreign policy in China.

(4) After World War II, the United States pursued a global hegemonic policy and tried to dominate the world. Therefore, the policy of "supporting Chiang Kai-shek against the Communist Party" was implemented in China. Trying to control China.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The new development of American hegemonism

(1) Pursuing new interventionism: The so-called "new interventionism" refers to an ideological and policy proposition that appears in the current international environment under the pretext of humanitarianism and defending the common values of the West, with military intervention in other countries' internal affairs as a means, and with the goal of promoting hegemonism and building a new international relations order that is beneficial to the West. Its essence is to use the excuse of "humanitarian intervention" to promote the strategy of American leading the world.

(2) Global expansion: ① In Europe, the United States introduced new strategic concepts through NATO's eastward expansion, squeezed Russian strategic space, and gradually "incorporated" Yuan Hua into the western sphere of influence headed by the United States; Through the Kosovo war, we want to get rid of Yugoslav leaders, control the Balkans, weaken Russia, and further strengthen our control over Western Europe. ② In the Asia-Pacific region, by strengthening the US-Japan military alliance, the scope of US-Japan military cooperation will be expanded to the whole Asia-Pacific region, including Taiwan Province Province of China, and the "TMD" system will be developed in cooperation with Japan, even attempting to cover Taiwan Province Province, with the aim of containing China. (3) In the Middle East, on the one hand, a large number of military forces were sent to the region through the Gulf War, the Afghan War and the Iraq War to strengthen its military presence here, on the other hand, political, economic and military infiltration was carried out into the Caucasus-Caspian Sea-Central Asia region through the "Partnership for Peace Program" and oil exploitation rights.