Painted pottery of Yangshao culture: Yangshao culture is about 7000 years ago, which is the most prosperous period of painted pottery in Neolithic age in China. It is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, centered on the Loess Plateau, covering Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Ningxia and other places. The pottery-making technology of Yangshao culture is quite mature, and the utensils are neat and exquisite, mostly fine clay red pottery and mixed sand red pottery, while gray pottery and black pottery are rare. Its decoration is mainly painted, and the utensils are painted with exquisite color patterns, which reflects a part of people's life and the ingenuity of artistic creation at that time. There are also polishing, printing and other decorative techniques. There are cups, bowls, pots, cans, urns, pots, bottles, retort, cookers, tripods, lids and brackets. The most prominent bottle is the bottom bottle with double ear tips, with smooth and symmetrical lines and great artistic beauty. Due to the differences in time span and geographical distribution, Yangshao culture must be classified and distinguished, mainly including Banpo type and Miaodigou type.
Banpo painted pottery was first discovered in Xi 'an Banpo, with a history of 7000 years. It is a type of painted pottery culture with early history, outstanding characteristics and great influence in China. The ruins of Banpo painted pottery are on the banks of the river, so Banpo painted pottery includes water-drawing pointed-bottom bottles, gourds and long-necked bottles, as well as pots and cans, which are roughly similar to those of today. The early decorative patterns of Banpo painted pottery are mostly scattered compositions. That is to say, in the shape of a device, decoration often occupies only a small part of the surface of the device, and the pattern is generally the reproduction of natural form. The image of Banpo decorative pattern is lovely, which shows the innocence of human childhood and the cordial relationship with nature. If you appreciate it carefully, you can feel the harmony between man and nature, which can be said to be a record of the original life of Banpo people. Decorative images mainly depict animals that people came into contact with at that time, including running deer, fish pattern, face pattern, frog pattern, bird pattern, pig pattern and patterns composed of two or three of the above patterns. There are also some simple patterns such as broken lines, triangles, meshes and so on. Miaodigou painted pottery Miaodigou painted pottery mainly includes pots, bowls and cans. There are also gourd-shaped bottles similar to Banpo in the early and middle stages. Miaodigou painted pottery is much more mature than Banpo. The dots, lines and surfaces are properly matched, and the space is spacious and bright. Lively points and lines are interspersed between curved surfaces, which makes the pattern have a distinct sense of rhythm and a strong sense of rhythm. The continuous organizational structure of the two sides is the concretization of the beat, which makes it more musical. This reflects the original calm and calm mentality.
[Painted pottery of Majiayao culture] The pottery-making industry of Majiayao culture is very developed. Its painted pottery inherits the hearty style of Yangshao culture temple bottom ditch, but it is more detailed, forming a gorgeous and elegant artistic style, which has further developed than Yangshao culture and reached the peak of artistic achievement. Most pottery is formed by the method of clay lath construction. Pottery is orange, and the surface of pottery is polished very delicately. Among many Majiayao cultural relics, there are kilns and pottery kilns, pigments, stone slabs for grinding pigments, painted pottery plates and so on. The early painted pottery of Majiayao culture was mainly painted in pure black; In the middle stage, the pattern is drawn alternately in pure black and black red; Later, black and red were used to draw patterns. The pottery-making process of Majiayao culture has begun to use slow wheels to trim the blank, and to draw concentric circles, chords and parallel lines with wheels, showing skillful painting skills. The large-scale production of painted pottery shows that the social division of labor in this period has long been specialized, and specialized pottery craftsmen have appeared. The development of painted pottery is a remarkable feature of Majiayao culture. Among all the painted pottery cultures found in China, Majiayao culture has the highest proportion of painted pottery, and its indoor color is particularly developed, with distinctive characteristics of the times.
Intermediate painted pottery Intermediate painted pottery is mostly pot and pot. The shape is full and ball-like, the foot is adducted and the abdomen is nearly straight. Because the lower part of the shape is adducted, the decoration is concentrated in the upper part. Intermediate painted pottery is developed on the basis of Majiayao, which is richer than Majiayao. The rotating structural ornamentation on the fullness, the black and red colors, the change of line thickness, the coordination of sawtooth pattern and triangle pattern, and the small patterns in the big pattern form her prosperous, graceful and luxurious style. The rotating and continuous structure makes several big circles reverse each other, back to back, and connect with each other, resulting in the effect of mutual echo, successive filing and continuous, showing a comprehensive and lingering momentum. Coupled with the modeling * * *, it constitutes a magnificent momentum. The middle stage is the peak stage of painted pottery culture in China, showing the characteristics of broadness, maturity and perfection. Racecourse painted pottery 1924 was found in Minhe Racecourse Plateau in Qinghai, mainly distributed in Qinghai and Gansu. Its shape basically follows the shape of intermediate painted pottery, but compared with intermediate painted pottery, it looks tall and beautiful. A single-ear cylindrical cup appeared, and the shapes of ears and buttons were varied. Its age is about 2350 ~ 2050 BC. Decorative patterns include concentric circles, diamonds, humanoid frogs, parallel lines, palindromes and hook-and-loop patterns. In addition, painted pottery has also been unearthed in Dawenkou culture, Daxi culture, Qujialing culture, Qijia culture and other sites, but there is a certain gap between them in quantity, scale and artistic level. In ancient pottery, there is also a kind of painted pottery, which draws decorative patterns after the pottery is fired.