It also includes the development history of modern acupuncture, the brief history of modern Chinese medicine, the history of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) came into being in primitive society. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the theory of TCM basically took shape, and branches of anatomy and medicine appeared, adopting "four diagnoses". Treatment methods include Bian Shi, acupuncture, decoction, moxibustion, dredging, gas distribution, wishing and so on. In the Western Han Dynasty, yin and yang and five elements were used to explain human physiology, and "medical workers", gold needles and bronze keys appeared.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous physician, appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He has long understood the "eight cardinal principles" (yin and yang, exterior and interior, deficiency and excess, cold and heat) and summed up the "eight methods". Hua Tuo is famous for his mastery of surgery and anesthesia, and he also founded the "Five Birds Play" of fitness gymnastics. In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao summarized the theories and experiences of his predecessors and collected more than 5,000 prescriptions for treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Because of his highest medical ethics, he was honored as the "King of Medicine".
After the Tang Dynasty, China's medical theory and works were widely spread to Korea, Japan, Central Asia and West Asia. During the Song Dynasty, the government of the Song Dynasty established Hanlin Medical College, and the medical discipline was almost complete, which unified the disorder of acupoints caused by copying in China and published the illustrated classics. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Chinese medicine began to decline. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the school of febrile diseases appeared, which gradually replaced the school of classical Chinese medicine.
Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, written at the end of Ming Dynasty, marked the decline of TCM pharmacology. At the same time, both Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine are influenced by Chinese medicine. In North Korea, oriental medicine has also made great progress. For example, the Treasure of Oriental Medicine written by Xu Jun.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has been invaded by western powers, and its national fortune has been weakened. At the same time, the influx of modern medicine (western medicine) has seriously impacted the development of Chinese medicine. Many people in China advocate medical modernization, and traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly challenged. People began to look at it with the thinking mode of western medicine system, and Chinese medicine fell into a dispute of keeping or abolishing. The same is true of Japanese traditional Chinese medicine and Korean medicine, both of which belong to China's medical system. Since SARS in 2003, classical Chinese medicine began to show signs of recovery.
During the Cultural Revolution, Chinese medicine, as a medical paradigm of "serving the present with the past", was supported and developed by China's production party policy. Modern Chinese medicine is still one of the commonly used methods to treat diseases in China.
Internationally, acupuncture has aroused great interest in the medical field. According to the World Health Organization, acupuncture has been proved to be effective in relieving postoperative pain, nausea during pregnancy, nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, toothache and so on, and the side effects are very low. However, for chronic pain, back pain and headache, the data are vague or controversial.
WHO believes that the effectiveness of many acupuncture and some herbs has been strongly supported by scientific double-blind research, but other traditional therapies still need further research, and the safety and danger of traditional therapies that have not yet been studied cannot be ignored [8]. On May 26th, 2002, WHO published the "Global Traditional Medicine Research Strategy for 2002-2005", inviting more than 80 countries around the world to incorporate alternative medicine into their medical policies. A brief history of modern meridian innovation
In the 1990s, China successively carried out two national climbing projects: the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-96) and the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-98).
1996 The Morphology and Anatomical Structure of Fractal Meridian by Deng Yu et al. (Non-interstitial Meridian, Non-tube Meridian Full of Cells) is a highly unified fractal meridian with self-regulation, body fluid regulation and nerve regulation.
1996 meridian of "gap dimension" in Zhang Shengyu (error)
1995
Neurology: it is believed that the transmission of sensation along meridians is the result of the transmission of excitement between neurons. 1995?
Body fluid theory: it is believed that qi and blood in meridians of traditional Chinese medicine refer to various body fluids in the human body, and meridians are the channels through which body fluids run, and the movement of body fluids stimulates nerves to produce sensory conduction along meridians.
Energy theory: Meridian is considered as the transmission channel of some physical energy and information.
Meng Jingbi (isotope tracer)
1985, isotope tracer imaging method in de Vernejoul, France; In addition, Nieboyer, France studied skin electricity.
1984, Xie Haoran, anatomical observation on the structure of human meridian gap
From 65438 to 0984, Eore in Hungary studied meridians with carbon dioxide analyzer.
In 1980, Zhang Baozhen and others adopted the methods of naked eye observation and vascular perfusion.
Meng Zhaowei 1978 The Third Balance System of Meridian
1972 wangtong put forward the hypothesis that the essence of meridians is double reflection.
In the 1970s, Japanese scholar Hiroshi Benshan observed the temperature changes on the meridian induction line with the method of liquid crystal film.
1970, J.Borsarello of France used infrared thermal imaging to study meridians.
1956 Nogierop's research on China auricular acupuncture point atlas and its function,
1955 Kazuo Nakatani and others have achieved the results of "Research on Collateral Meridian Guidance", and Sasakawa's "Collateral Meridian Guidance Point" and "Collateral Meridian Guidance"
1952, Kuro Fujita put forward a hypothesis about meridians.
1950, Japan reported the phenomenon of telepathy along the meridian.
A Brief History of the Original Innovation of Modern Qi Concept: the Ternary Theory of Qi —— A List of Heroes of the Original Innovation of Multi-modern Qi Concept
1996, Deng Yu et al.: Qi is a flowing "mixed unity of information, energy and matter". It is the unity of "ternary-multivariate mixture of matter-energy-information". The essence of TCM Qi is "the mixed unity of information, energy and matter" and "the mixed unity of matter, energy and information". Qi Sanyuan Theory-Pluralism
Li Dexin: Qi is the unity of matter and function.
1962, Beihai Wei: Theory of Ambiguity of Qi.
Luo Shibiao: In the early 1960s, the theory of qi (1962).
Qin Bowei: Materialism of Qi in the Late 1950s: 1959? .
Qi is a unified field theory
Huang Kunyi et al.: Theory of human body gas field.
Shao Li et al.: Theory of Qi and Entropy Flow.
Wu Banghui: The theory of sequence parameters of qi reveals the secrets of Yin and Yang, which has a long history. It emphasizes the listing of phenomena and attaches importance to superficial narration, which is the characteristic of classical Yin and Yang studies. Modern exploration has made revolutionary progress and produced many new ideas since the middle and late 1990s. Mathematical physicalization, that is, "mathematical yin and yang" has become the symbol of modern yin and yang. Yin and Yang are measured by the world's three elements "matter, energy and information" and expressed by mathematical models, which are the characteristics of modern science.
1995, Li Rongxing, Discrimination of Yin and Yang, journal of traditional chinese medicine, Liaoning, 1995, No.6. The definition of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine is more clinical.
1997, Zhao Xixin, mathematical model of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine, Henan traditional Chinese medicine, 1997, No.5.
1998, Deng Yu, et al., Scientific Essence of Yin and Yang and Its Mathematical Construction,> 1998,2:59-6 1. Journal of Mathematical Yin and Yang, Mathematical Medicine, 1999, 1.
1999, Deng Yu, et al., Fractal Set of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Journal of Mathematical Medicine, 1999, v 12, No.3. Create the concept of "Yin-Yang Fractal Set". Fractal dimension of yin and yang = 1.
2003, Lin Jianming, Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mathematics, Journal of Mathematical Medicine, 2003, issue.
Fengjun Qi, 2004, On the Mathematical Balance of Yin and Yang, China Journal of Basic Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2004,7.
2005, Zhao Zhiyong, zhaowei, Establishment of pure mathematics model of Yin and Yang in TCM and quantitative study of calculus, Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2005, 1 1.
Meng, 2007, Mathematics of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Journal of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2007, 6.
1998, the modern definition of philosophy and logic of yin and yang.
Definition 1: Yin and Yang are incompatible relations between the two concepts under the unity of opposites of the same generic concept. The connotations of Yin and Yang are mutually negative. One concept of Yin affirms the objective attribute of Yin, while the other concept of Yang regards the attribute of Yang as the objective attribute of Yin. The extension of Yin and Yang is mutually exclusive and complementary, and its sum is equal to the extension of its nearest generic concept (unity of opposites), that is, the sum or union of the extension of Yin and Yang of the two concepts.
Quantitative measurement of yin and yang: described by the index of "state function U", it can be described by "matter-energy-information" as a whole.
u=EP .
E is the index energy of kinematics or dynamics; P is an index of system disorder (order), which is closely related to entropy. (Introduction: 1980, Lei Shunqun, System Theory and Zangxiang Theory (I), journal of traditional chinese medicine, Liaoning, 1980. 1983, Continuation System Theory and Hidden Image Theory (2)-journal of traditional chinese medicine, Liaoning, 1983)
preface
Xiao Liegang, 1994. On the characteristics of five zang-organs system in viscera theory [J]. Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1994,15 (5): 211-213. This paper systematically expounds the five zang-organs system in the theory of Tibetan image, and shows that the essence of the five zang-organs system in the theory of Tibetan image is consistent with the modern system theory, but it has its own characteristics.
revolution
There are five Tibetan elephant systems: heart system, liver system, lung system, spleen system and kidney system. Five systems of fractal Tibet image.
1999, Deng Yu, et al. New English version of five series of Tibetan fractal [J]: China Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; 1999 09 The five systems of fractal Tibetan image, namely, heart system, liver system, lung system, spleen system, kidney system and Tibetan image, exceed the limitations of traditional heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and viscera.
Deng Yu et al., 1999, Fractal Collection of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Journal of Mathematical Medicine, 1999.
develop
In 2002, Deng Zhongyan was the editor-in-chief, and Deng Tietao presided over Modern Research on Basic Theoretical System of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Basic and Clinical. Heart system, liver system, lung system, …… brain system, etc.
Zhao Xi, 2005, in Journal of Hebei North University (Medical Edition): June 2, 2005, No.3. The heart system.