There were six diversion measures that had the greatest influence on the Yellow River in ancient times, one of which caused more than 6,543,800 people to be violated.
The first great migration: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period to the end of Western Han Dynasty. During this period, the Yellow River maintained a certain river pattern, which was called "Dahe Ancient River" in history. One of the characteristics of this period is that the Yellow River experienced the process from no dike to dike, from underground river to aboveground river, from no dike to frequent flooding, and the first major diversion took place, and the river began. From the north to the river. The process of moving south. According to textual research, the record of Su Xukou, which broke out in the fifth year of King Ding Zhou (602 BC), was the first breakthrough of the Yellow River. During this period, Fushui, Zhangshui and other waters converged eastward and entered the Bohai Sea from Jinnan to today. The records of the river course in Geography of Hanshu are as follows: Xukou in Gusu-southwest of Puyang-northeast of Jinguantao County-south of Linqing-southeast of Dezhou-east of Dongguan-north of Mengcun-southwest of Huanghua.
The second great migration: from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Man was reorganized and a new dynasty was established. In A.D. 1 1 year, the Yellow River broke through Yuan City in Wei County (now Daming East, Hebei Province). Drinking water overflowed to the east of Heqing County. It is said that Wang Man claimed that his ancestral grave was not threatened by the eastward flow of the river. The flood lasted for nearly 60 years without blocking the estuary. In 69 AD, Wang Jing led the river regulation, built an ancient road between Changshoujin and Dahe in the Western Han Dynasty, and ran between the present Yellow River and Ma Jiahe until Lijin entered the sea, thus forming the Yellow River. The second big change. After Jing Wang controlled the water source, the Yellow River was relatively stable for more than 600 years.
The Third Great Migration: From the Late Tang Dynasty to the Late Northern Song Dynasty. From the late Tang Dynasty, the lower reaches of the Yellow River gradually silted up. By the beginning of 1 1 century, the Yellow River had become the "aristocratic home" of Shanghe, Huimin and Binzhou counties in Shandong Province. In the eighth year of the Qing Dynasty (1048), the Yellow River burst its banks and diverted its course, which became the third great migration and diversion, forming a situation in which the north stream and the east stream coexisted. The northern part flows between Fuyang River and South Canal, and the downstream river flows into the sea in Tianjin by Yuhe (now South Canal) and Jiehe (now Haihe River). /kloc-in 0/060, it entered the sea through the ancient road in the western section of Hanshui River and the first-class waterway of Duma River (now Ma Jiahe), which was called Ergu River in history.
The Fourth Great Migration: Southern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing was organized to go south, and the river was artificially interrupted, making the Yellow River "from Si to Huai". Since then, the Yellow River has started from the traditional northward and eastward flows and entered the southward flow period. In the following 700 years, the Yellow River flowed from the southeast to the Huaihe River as usual. But there are still some branches. 1 194, the Yellow River burst in Wuyang. This river enters Juye and Yuncheng in Shandong, and is divided into two tributaries: North Qinghe to Lijin to northern waters, Surabaya to Huaihe River to southern waters. The fifth migration: from Jinyuan to Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), the Yellow River executed the death penalty 15 times in Yuan Wu, Wu Yang, Zhongmou, Yanjin, Kaifeng, Xiangfu, Qixian, Chenliu, Tonggu, Taikang, Yanling, Fugou and other places, mainly divided into three shares, one of which started from Mounan. The other turns in Kaifeng, flows south, passes through Tong, Taikang and other places, and flows from the vortex to the Huaihe River. The diversion of the Yellow River is called the fifth great migration. After twenty-five years of Jiajing (1546), the old South River of the Yellow River began to be completely closed. After Pan Jixun's management, the river channel is basically fixed, which is the abandoned Yellow River on today's map.
The sixth great migration: Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, or the eastward advancement period of modern times. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), the Yellow River became a copper tile, passed through Zhangqiu Canal, passed through Xiaoyan River, entered Daqing River, and entered the sea from Lijin, which was divided into three branches. Therefore, the Yellow River ended its 700-year history of entering the sea from the Huaihe River and began to flow eastward from Bohai Bay into today's Yellow River.
It should be pointed out that in the 3000 years before 1948, the Yellow River flowed eastward, northward and southward in all periods. As for the diversion of the Yellow River and its changes, the reason is not clear in one or two sentences. We can usually think of it as natural and man-made reasons, so we won't analyze the details. But what needs to be said is that the Yellow River is the birthplace of Chinese culture and the motherland. Mother River needs everyone's protection.