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Lu Ye's Baoji (872-926) was the first emperor of Liao, who was called Liao Taizu in history. Jerusara's eldest son, Xiao Yan, weighs only one catty.
Yelubao machine
Han, the word, is the leader of the Khitan Diera Department. Qidan nationality. Yelv's Mashari ("Tart horse, people from also. Sally, Lang Yejun. Manage all officials. " See Liao History (volume 160). He led the troops to surrender to Huang Xiaoshi, and also conquered Yuewu, Guwu and Liuxi. The Khitans called him Ajushali (A Zi was the father and ancestor). Later, he was appointed as the headquarters of Li Yizi (the number of tribal leaders), specializing in conquering, and was promoted to Li Yizi of Dalilev (Dalilev is the residence of the overlapping department). He once led troops to northern Hebei. After Xi Dieci's rise, he was appointed as the King of North and South Vietnam (Yu Yue, a senior official with no post), and he knew all about military affairs. In the first year of Liang Kaiping (907), he was the commander-in-chief of the Khitan, with nine accounts of the royal family as ten accounts, and an official department was set up. In the second year of Liang Dynasty (9 16), the Khitan State was established, claiming to be the emperor. He led the troops to build the imperial city, and the capital later went to Beijing, where Confucius Temple, Buddhist Temple and Taoist Temple were built. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the imperial clan was gradually taken as the prime minister of the southern government, laws were enacted, and official ranks were awarded. The establishment of the North and South Second Hospital of Overlapping Acacia, Yili corydalis, became a later customization. He also ordered people to make Khitan characters and promote national culture. So far, Russian pronunciation says that China is still "Khitan", which shows its great influence. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, he set up palace guards and tribal troops at the county level, which became the main military form of Qidan. He was very talented and a general, constantly conquering the ministries of Qidan and Turkic for development, and actively participated in the political struggle in the Central Plains, encroaching on secluded places and Jiyuan, and supporting Dongdan as his subordinates. "Taizu was influenced by Khan Zen, so he founded the country, explored the east and the west, and died if he broke." (Liao History, Volume II, Mao Zuji). The various systems and scales he created laid the foundation for the development of the Khitan State. In the first year of Liao Tianxian (926), he conquered the Bohai Sea and died in Fuyu (now Siping West, Jilin Province) on his way back to the Imperial Capital, at the age of 55. Shi Shengtian (Great Sage Emperor), whose temple name was Taizu, was buried in the ancestral tomb (now southwest of Bahrain, Inner Mongolia) in the following year (927). In the 26th year (1008), Sheng Zongtong became the Great Sage of tomorrow. Chong twenty-one years (1052), and added the family background of Tian Lie the Great and Great Sage Daimyojin.
Lu Ye Abaoji was born in Miri, Lu Ye (now east of Arukerqin Banner, Inner Mongolia) in Xialai Yishile, Diela. Qidan's name is Baoji, and his words are only in his mouth. From an aristocratic family of overlapping thorns. This family has the privilege of choosing the headquarters to leave Corydalis. Moreover, from the seventh ancestor, he mastered the military power of the alliance, and his position was second only to that of the leader of the alliance. Great-grandfather Lu Ye Zris, great-grandfather Lu Ye Sala, Zuluye Vanders and father Lu Ye Sala were in charge of military affairs.
Abolish the system and call yourself emperor
When he was born, the aristocratic class in Qidan was fighting for the position of leader. Baoji's grandfather Winder was killed in a cruel political struggle, and his father and uncles also fled and hid. Grandma is very fond of Baoji, who was born at this time, but she is worried that he will be hurt by his enemies. Therefore, he is often hidden in an account elsewhere and is not allowed to see outsiders.
Baoji has been smart since she was a child. When he grows up, he is big and strong, ambitious and has high martial arts. According to Liao history, he was "nine feet long, with a sharp head and sharp eyes and a bow of 300 Jin". Trusted by his uncle Shilu, Yeluyi was appointed as a bodyguard officer. With this elite armed force, Baoji rose rapidly. After Baoji's uncle was killed, Baoji inherited his uncle Yu Yue's position (second only to Shan Yu, known as "general knowledge of military affairs", higher than Yan, mastering the military and political affairs of the alliance, equivalent to the prime minister of the Central Plains dynasty), and only defeated the tribal strongmen headed by him. Xiao Huang's guards were successively demoted, and wuyue, Gu Wu and Liu Xi were successively defeated. Praised as "Lord Shali" in Chinese (Shali, the Khitan word for "husband"), Tang Zhaozong was recovered in Tiannian (90 1) and served as the military commander of the headquarters, specializing in conquering Wei Shi, Yujue and Xi. Enter the great Dielie mansion, leaving violets behind. The following year, he led the troops 400,000 south to seek Hedong, Daibei (now northwest Shanxi) and Kejiu County. In the third year (903), he attacked the women's branch in the north, took the Huaiyuan Army in Hedong in the south, and moved to northern Hebei (now northern Hebei) slightly. When I was promoted to Vietnam, I always understood the military and became the actual manipulator of the tribal alliance. In 905, when Tang died, he met in Yunzhou (now Datong, Shanxi) at the invitation of Li Keyong, the king of Jin, and became brothers. He agreed to consult with Zhu Wen, Liu Rengong and Lu, the King of Liang, but he didn't keep his promise because he was unprofitable.
In December of the third year of Tang Tianyou (906), the martyr Khan died and was ordered to recommend Paul as Khan. According to the traditional system, Khan's position should be re-elected every three years. Bao Ji's goal is to establish lifelong system and hereditary system like the emperor of the Central Plains, so he refused to hand over power when he served as Khan for three years, and continued to work hard for the emperor's goal by sitting on the throne of Khan with his own strength and prestige. The following year (907), Baoji abandoned the traditional system of sweat selection, and with the support of his confidant, he burned firewood and sent it to heaven, that is, he respected the emperor as the Emperor of Heaven.
Brother's rebellion
This has aroused the dissatisfaction of other nobles in this family, because according to the habit, Khan implements the family election system, that is, after Khan's position is transferred to Yeleishi, Khan will be served by an adult of this family, so if the security machine does not give way, others will not have a chance to be elected. In order to fight for the right to be elected, the brothers of the Baoji family first rose up against him, thus causing the "brotherhood chaos" in history. Brothers rebelled three times. The first time was in May of 9 1 1 A.D., Lager, Dila, Shi and Anduan planned a rebellion. When Anduan's wife learned about it, she reported it to Baoji. Baoji couldn't bear to kill these brothers, so she vowed to climb the mountain with them to kill them, and then pardoned them. The two brothers were ungrateful, and the next year, under the leadership of their brother-in-law, they rebelled again. In addition to the original few people, the newly appointed younger brother Yu Yin also attended. In July of this year, Baoji's conquest was unsuccessful, and Lager led the troops to attack Pingzhou (now Lulong, Hebei Province). In 10, Lager captured Pingzhou, led the troops to stop Baoji from returning, and wanted to force him to attend Khan's re-election meeting. Instead of recklessly, Baoji led the troops south, and held a firewood burning ceremony in front of them according to traditional customs, that is, the "firewood burning ceremony", and once again served as Khan. This proves that he has been legally re-elected, leaving his brothers with no basis for rebellion. Paul put down a rebellion without bloodshed, which showed his superb ingenuity. The next day, the brothers sent someone to find Baoji to repent, but Baoji stopped pursuing it and only ordered them to repent and turn over a new leaf. However, the temptation of Khan's throne is far greater than brotherhood. Less than half a year later, in March of 9 13, the two brothers rebelled again. There was a big armed conflict this time. They first agreed to let Gege be the new Khan, and then sent Dilla and Anduan to pretend to appear in front of Baoji, hoping to hijack Baoji to attend the Khan re-election meeting they had prepared in advance. In addition to this tribe, Yi nobles also joined in. Baoji discovered their plot, solved the overlapping thorn and security, incorporated their 1000 cavalry, and then personally led the troops to hunt down thorn ge. Another ragtag army, led by Shi, went straight to Baoji's palace, burned down the trench and tent, and took away the symbol of Khan power and the account of his ancestors. Bao Ji's wife guarded the tent and led the troops to fight to the death. After the reinforcements arrived, they sent people to pursue them, but they only recovered the flag. In April, Baoji led the troops north to pursue Lager. He first sent someone to ambush and intercept in front, attacking from front to back. This time, the bodyguard pro-army played an important role and finally defeated Lager who threw the stolen account on the road. Baoji didn't pursue immediately, but rested his troops first, because he knew that Lager's men would soon miss their hometown and win without fighting until their morale was low and they didn't love each other. In May, Baoji led the troops to attack and finally captured Lager. After three counter-rebellions, Baoji basically eliminated the family's opposition, but it caused great damage to the tribe's economy. There used to be 10 thousand horses among the people, but now people have to go out. [ 1]?
Unified tribe
After the opposition of this tribe was eliminated, the opposition of the other seven tribes in Qidan still existed. They forced Baoji to give up Khan's position under the banner of restoring the old Khan election system. Bao Ji had to hand over the flag and drum first, promise to abdicate, and then make a withdrawal plan. He said to the crowd: "I have been in the position of Khan for nine years, and there are many Han people under my command." I want to lead a department to govern Seoul, can I? " Everyone agreed. When he got there, Baoji led the Han people to farm. There is salt and iron in this area, and the economy is very developed. After explaining the law, Baoji adopted his wife's plan and sent someone to tell the tribal leaders: "I have a salt pond, which is often supplied to all tribes, but everyone only knows that it is convenient to eat salt, but they don't know that the salt pond also has owners. You should come to treat me and my subordinates. " They thought it made sense, so they came with cows and wine, but they didn't expect to be cheated by Paul. Bao Ji set an ambush and killed all the tribal leaders while everyone was drunk.
After the internal and external opposition forces were eliminated, in 9 16 AD, Baoji proclaimed himself emperor, officially founded the country, named the Khitan, and established the Yuan Shen Shu. The title of the Khitan was changed several times: it was changed to Liao in 947, to Da Qidan in 983, and to Da Liao in 1066. It remained unchanged until 1 125. To avoid confusion, some books are called Liao. Yeluboji is called the Emperor of Heaven, his wife Shulu is called the Queen of the Earth, and his eldest son Yelubo is named the Prince.
Fight all over the country
After he proclaimed himself emperor, Baoji continued to expand his territory. At this time, the nomadic tribes in Mobei were very small compared with Qidan. The Bohai Sea and Korea in the east also declined. Li Keyong in the south and Zhu Wen, which just established the back beam, have been at war for many years. This situation is very beneficial for Po to expand his territory. Po wants to build a great northern country with the Yellow River in the south and Mobei in the north. To this end, he first went south, but twice.
Riding and shooting map of Liao Taizu
All ended in failure.
Bao Jigong wanted to conquer the area north of the Yellow River, and at this time, the warlords in the north also wanted to use the powerful Khitan to seek benefits for themselves, which created a good opportunity for Bao Jigong to enter the Central Plains. General Lu of New South Wales (now Zhuolu, Hebei Province) was dissatisfied with Li's conscription headquarters, so as to attack the rear beam. Send troops to surrender to the Khitan. Baoji then led the troops to launch the first Central Plains War, attacked Xinzhou and Youzhou with Lu, finally defeated Zhou Dewei and besieged Youzhou for nearly 200 days. Later, Philip Burkart's reinforcements arrived, and Baoji was forced to withdraw. Lu often kept Pingzhou and guarded an important passage south of Qidan. Soon, Zhang, the defense envoy of the town and state, killed our envoy, asked for help and dealt with Li together. Baoji went south to the Central Plains for the second time. After capturing Zhuozhou, the invasion besieged Dingzhou and fought Li in Shahe (now Wang Du, Hebei). This time, Baoji suffered heavy losses. It was catching up with the rare heavy snow. It rained for ten days and the snow on the ground was several feet thick. The qidan army was short of food and grass, and there were heavy casualties. Baoji had to withdraw. When the Khitan soldiers went out to war, they prepared their own food and forage, and the logistics personnel embedded in the army plundered materials everywhere in the war. Therefore, once the soldiers of the Central Plains besieged them or fought a protracted war, it was difficult for the Khitan soldiers to persist. Going south twice, I was defeated and returned in vain. Baoji timely adjusted its strategic direction and changed to the northwest and northeast. In the third year of Tianzan (924), Tuguhun, Tangut and Bubu were recruited again. It is planned to conquer the nomadic tribes in the north, capture the Bohai Kingdom in the northeast, eliminate the threats from both sides, and then use troops to seize Hedong and Hebei in the south. Baoji held a military meeting to deploy a new battle plan. Then he personally conquered the Tangut, Bubu and other tribes, and arrived at Guwu Mountain (now Kent Mountain) in the north. He also captured Bi Li Violet, the governor of Uighur, and the Uighur Lord Khan had to send envoys to pay tribute to apologize. The influence of Baoji extends to the Altai Mountain area in the west, and the land area is greatly expanded.
In the first year of Tianxian (926), in order to develop his power eastward, Baoji also invaded the Bohai Sea eastward. Bohai Sea is a regional ethnic regime in the northeast of China, which is superior to all northern ethnic groups politically and culturally. It is known as "Prospering the country with Haidong", but its national strength has declined at that time. Baoji concentrated all his forces and captured Fuyu City (now Nong 'an, Jilin Province), an important town in the west of Bohai Sea, and then besieged Huhan City (now Tokyo City, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province). The king led hundreds of ministers to surrender in Kaesong and soon unified the whole Bohai Sea. Bao Jigong changed Bohai Sea to Dongdan State, which means East Qidan State. Let Crown Prince Yelubi be the king of Dongdan and manage Dongdan affairs. In this way, Baoji will expand his power to the Bohai coast. At the same time, Baoji also set up official offices in Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins to carry out practical management, thus ending the division of Northeast China since the end of the Tang Dynasty and realizing reunification, which played an extremely important role in the development of local economy and culture and promoting the exchanges between people of all ethnic groups. However, on the way back to Li, Baoji died in Fuyucheng at the age of 55, and posthumous title ascended to heaven as emperor, with the temple name Liao Taizu.
Create qidan
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Baoji set out to formulate a new system. Referring to the political model of the Han nationality, 20 branches of the Yao family were reformed and new state institutions were established. In the first year of Tianzan (922), the overlapping stabbing part was divided into five hospitals and six hospitals, each of which belonged to the soldiers of the northern government, which reduced the overlapping stabbing part from the highest military chief to the next-level official of the northern prime minister's office. Completely abolish the tribal world election system and establish a hereditary throne. Create a "Voludo" (palace guard) system and establish a special imperial guard. "When you enter, stay and watch, and when you leave, you will be obedient." It has become the core force to suppress dissidents at home and expand abroad. Improve the legal system and formulate the first code of Qidan, the Criminal Law of Acts. Organize manpower to create qidan characters. In line with the principle of "governing according to customs, each in his place", the national policy is formulated. After the fall, six more were placed, and Bruen was ordered to be the master, still called Wang. When going to the Bohai Sea, I changed to Dongdan Kingdom and still used the old phase of the Bohai Sea as the right phase. The central official system is divided into north and south. "(North) Khitan is governed by the state system, while (South) Han people are treated by the Han system." Abolish the tribal world election system, let the eldest son become the crown prince, and establish the hereditary system of the throne; Perfecting the legal system and formulating the first code of Qidan-the Criminal Law of Acts; Organize manpower to create Khitan characters; In line with the principle of "governing according to customs, each in his proper place", formulate ethnic policies; The central official system is divided into the north and the south. "Vigorously absorb Chinese culture, imitate Tang Changan, and build the imperial city, that is, the later Liao entered Beijing; "Build Confucius Temple, Buddhist Temple, Taoist Temple, etc.
Lu Ye Abao is proficient in Chinese and employs talented Han people such as Han Zhigu, Han and Kang as counselors. He adopted Han's construction strategy, set up counties, battlefields and taxes, and imitated Han's system to manage a large number of Han people captured and plundered in the war. Since then, the feudal elements of Khitan society have developed rapidly, while the slavery elements still account for an important proportion. He established an elite and loyal pro-army "Abdominal Department" to fight against Shi Wei, Xi and other black cars, and established a strict instrument and health system. The contradiction between the development of imperial power and the conservative Qidan slave owners and nobles became increasingly acute. His brothers Lager, Dila, Shi, Anduan and Yu Yue successively launched rebellions and were suppressed. In 9 16, ministers and subordinate departments of Yelushi Congress were called the Great Sage and the Great Emperor of Tomorrow. Subsequently, he personally recruited Turkic, Tuyuhun, Tangut and other departments, moved to the north, and captured many people and animals. In the second year of Shenshu (9 17), Li, the king of Jin, sent a general from Xinzhou to the Liao country. In three years, Ren Kang was appointed as an ambassador, and built the Imperial City in the north of the Yellow River (later called Shangjing, now Zuo Qi, Bahrain, Inner Mongolia). After six years of law, NSW made Wang Yuling surrender. Liao Taizu's two expeditions to the south were pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro. Farmland, villages, city walls, mining and metallurgy, workshops, temples and Confucius temples have appeared on the grassland north of the Great Wall. Then further strengthen the political power construction, and on the basis of taking into account the old customs, introduce Chinese grammar to strengthen the rule of imperial power. According to the differences in economic life between the Khitan people and the Han people, tribes and counties are treated according to customs. Due to the increasing number of Han people, North Korea has set up a special Han children's department to take charge of affairs.
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occupation
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, in the year of Guangfu (AD 90 1), Lu Ye Bao Ji under the rule of Khan was forced to leave the Viola by the Commissioner, and even broke the ten guards, the Jue and Shuai ruled Lage and captured many people.
In the last year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 902), Lu Ye Abao led 400,000 troops to attack Hedong without attacking the north, captured nine counties, and harvested 95,000 camels, horses, cattle, sheep and other livestock. Longhua Prefecture was built on the south bank of the Yellow River, where the captured Han people moved.
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Personal realization
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Baoji reformed the old ruling system of Qidan and established a new state institution with reference to the political model of Han nationality. Abolish the tribal world election system, let the eldest son become the crown prince, and establish the hereditary system of the throne; Perfecting the legal system and formulating the first code of Qidan-the Criminal Law of Acts; Organize manpower to create Khitan characters; In line with the principle of "governing according to customs, each in his proper place", formulate ethnic policies; The central official system is divided into north and south. "(North) Khitan is governed by the state system, (South) Han people are treated by the Chinese system"; Vigorously absorb Han culture, imitate Tang Chang 'an, and build an imperial city, that is, the later Liao entered Beijing; Build Confucius Temple, Buddhist Temple, Taoist Temple, etc. While carrying out political, economic and cultural construction at home, Yale also strives to expand abroad. Since the first year of Shenshu (9 16), the Turks, Tuguhun, Tangut and Shatuo have successively surrendered, winning a great victory, making the kingdom of Qidan gain great prestige. In the third year of Tianzan (924), Tuguhun, Tangut and Bubu were recruited again. In the first year of Tianxian (926), the Bohai Sea was destroyed in the east. In July, Banshi died on the way to Fuyufu (now Siping West, Jilin).