During the Western Jin Dynasty, Wuhu lived in the northern and western border areas of the Western Jin Dynasty and was semi-closed to the Jin Dynasty. Due to the corruption of the court in Jin Dynasty and the brutality of the officials in Han Dynasty, after the Eight Kings Rebellion, five husbands came to mobilize troops one after another, which is called "Five Rebellions" in history. After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, wars raged in North China, and looting and slaughter continued. The economy has been severely damaged, which has affected the ethnic, cultural, political and military development of China. The Yongjia disaster brought great pain to the people, and most of them fled to Liangzhou, Liaodong and Jiangnan, which gradually prospered the economy and culture of these areas. In the melee between countries, the former Qin emperor Fu Jian once unified North China, but when he went south to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was defeated in the battle of Feishui. Later, in Guandong and the empty Guanzhong, all ethnic groups rebelled one after another. Coupled with the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty completely collapsed and the north was once again in chaos. After the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, after the management of Tuoba GUI, Tuoba Si and Tuoba Tao, North China was finally unified in 439 and entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The internal migration of northern ethnic groups has promoted ethnic integration, which is of great significance in the development of China, a multi-ethnic country. At the same time, in order to enhance their strength, monarchs of various countries have also implemented some policies to develop production in their respective regions, which has formed a local stable situation in the context of the turmoil in North China. The great ethnic integration in this period lasted until the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and finally it was completely integrated in the Sui Dynasty.
The nomadic people in the north went south and entered the agricultural areas of the Han nationality, which was bound to be assimilated by the advanced society. This is the so-called China. Of course, it is a slow process, and so is the sinicization of Xiongnu and other ethnic groups.
From the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the southern Huns entered Shanxi, to the early Western Jin Dynasty, the Huns moved south, which lasted for more than 200 years, and the Huns gradually became Chinese. So that the regime established by the Huns was called "Han" and was one of the "Sixteen Countries". About Cao Cao's later years, the Xiongnu aristocrat changed his surname to Liu because the previous generation was the grandson of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Liu Yuan, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, made great efforts in learning the traditional culture of the Han nationality. He studied Shi Mao, Shi Jingyi and History of Ma under the famous Confucian scholar Cui You, and especially liked Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period. Can recite Sun and Wu's art of war, and be familiar with hundred schools of thought, Historical Records and Hanshu. He is quite conceited, claiming to be a debater in the early Han Dynasty, combining Lu Jia, Zhou Bo and Guan Ying. In 304, he fought against Jin, and in order to win the support of the Han people, he declared that he was "the nephew of the Han people and was about a brother". Therefore, he founded the country with "Han", called himself Hanwang, and worshipped the late ruler as the filial piety emperor to show that his regime was the continuation of the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Yuan appointed Cui You, his teacher of Confucian classics, as an ancient scholar, and Lu Zhi, the great-grandson of Lu Zhi, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was appointed as the teacher of his son Liu Cong. It is not difficult to see that Liu Yuan, the founder of the first regime in the Sixteen Countries, was deeply Chinese.
After the founding of Zhao, Xerox, a Jie nationality, was also deeply sinicized. He realized that Jieren's strength was limited. In order to consolidate the post-Zhao regime, he had to win the cooperation of the Han people and make full use of their governance strategies. He re-used Zhang Bin, a Han Chinese, as a teacher, obeyed his orders, ordered Hu people not to insult well-dressed Han people (Han people), and sent officials to persuade farmers and mulberry workers everywhere. He can't read, but he likes listening to lectures and reading history books. Although he is in the army, he does not slack off. He established imperial academy and County Chinese Studies, used Confucian Classics to train talents, including the children of General Jiezu, established a system of filial piety, and used Confucianism to select officials.
Fu Jian, the former monarch of Qin established by Zhou Wang, made good use of Wang Meng, a scholar of Han nationality, reformed politics and developed economy and culture in accordance with the Chinese law, and appreciated and supported Wang Meng's proposition of "killing the country with courtesy and confusing the country with the rule of law". He extensively studied imperial academy, went to imperial academy to inspect students' merits and demerits in Confucian classics, rewarded Confucian scholars and won the support of Han literati. He told Dr. Elvis that I visited Imperial College London three times in a month, found talents, and personally rewarded them. Its purpose is to prevent the humble opinions of Duke Zhou and Confucius from being lost in my hands and catch up with Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. Wang Biao replied that your majesty, SHEN WOO, set things right, created a beautiful state of emergency and promoted Confucianism. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty are not worth comparing.
There are many such examples. What they have in common is that Hu people have been sinicized, and Confucianism in the Central Plains has played a key role. He Ziquan, an expert in the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, said: At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, as the upper gentry crossed the river to the south, their metaphysics was also brought to the river. In the past, scholars who had little influence stayed in the north, and in the Han Dynasty, they still maintained the tradition of attaching importance to Confucian classics. The Hu regime occupied the north by force, and to establish the Central Plains, it is necessary to be familiar with the Confucian tradition, advocate the culture of the Central Plains, and rule the Han by Han. Under this background, Emperor Hu had fruitful cooperation with Han gentry, and Confucianism showed great vitality and assimilation.
National assimilation is always two-way. At the same time, the conference semifinals were sinicized, which means that the Han people are Hu Hua. The so-called Hu Hua of the Han people means that in the long-term communication, the Han people imperceptibly absorbed the customs of the Hu people in their production and life. This change began in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. "The Five Elements of History of the Later Han Dynasty" wrote: "The Emperor Ling loves Khufu, Zhang Hu, Hu Chuang, Zuo Hu, Fan Hu, Hu Zi, Hu Di and Hu Dance, and all the princes and nobles in Kyoto contend for it." You see, the emperor was interested in all the lifestyles of the Hu people, including their clothes, tents, high-grade furniture, food, musical instruments, dancing and so on. Due to the emperor's advocacy, the dignitaries in Kyoto followed suit, and the wind of Han Chinese Hu Hua rose. This trend reached its climax in the period of Wuhu and Sixteen Countries.
What is particularly worth mentioning is the "Hu Bed"-the high chair invented by Hu people. Han people in the Central Plains have always been used to sitting on the floor, kneeling or sitting cross-legged, and have no habit of sitting on chairs or stools. Therefore, the seven sages of the bamboo forest called the sitting posture with their feet stretched forward "sitting in the basket", which is a very disrespectful and rude move. The chair invented by Hu people is called "Hu bed" by Han people. It also has some nicknames: rope bed, top chair, transfer bed, easy chair, folding back, reclining bed. Hu Chuang became popular from north to south, which promoted the rise of high-legged furniture and finally changed the habit of sitting on the floor of Han people. The word "feast" is closely related to the custom of sitting on the floor. When giving a banquet, spread a big "mat" on the ground, then spread a small "mat" as a cushion, with a low table in the middle. This kind of banquet can still be seen in Japan and Korea. After the popularity of Hu Chuang and high-legged furniture, people no longer sit on the floor and feast on a high table, but the word "banquet" has been used all the time, but it has lost its original intention.