First, the confusing life experience The young Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng was the first reigning and all-powerful emperor in the autocratic era of China for thousands of years. The pampered monarchs, princesses, princesses and relatives of the six countries all bowed to their knees in fear. However, Qin Shihuang, who is proud of the world, is extremely fragile because he has always been secretive about his life experience.
Zheng (259 BC ~ 265438 BC+00 BC), son of King Zhuang Xiang. Originally known as Zhao, Sima Zhen of the Tang Dynasty said in Records of the First Qin Emperor that the ancestors of Qin and Zhao were proud of Zhao, so they were surnamed Zhao, and later more. Some scholars say that he is the son of King Xiang of Qin. However, there is another story about Zheng's life: his illegitimate child. In this regard, later generations are controversial. Who is Qin Shihuang's biological father? Is an eternal mystery. Who created this mystery? It is precisely Taishigong-Sima Qian.
According to historical records, in 259 BC, Qin attacked Handan, the capital of Zhao, and Ping Yuanjun of Zhao asked Wei Xinling and Chun Shenjun of Chu for help. With the help of Wei and Chu, Zhao defeated Qin. According to the usual practice, the State of Qin wanted to send one of the princes and grandchildren to Handan as a hostage, so the alien of the State of Qin was sent to Zhao as a hostage. When the stranger arrived in Handan, there were many onlookers. One of them saw the stranger and said, "This strange commodity can live in!" " ! The person who said this sentence was Lv Buwei, a famous businessman in the Warring States Period.
Lv Buwei, as a businessman of speculative politics, would be far-sighted if he only helped a poor workshop boy to be crowned heir to the throne. His calculation and ingenuity can be said to be rare in the history of China. Because of his appearance, an emperor was born, the history of China's unification and the bloody tyranny of the Qin Dynasty were taken as a warning by future generations. History always plays a big joke on human beings on the contingency of stories.
Lv Buwei is a patriotic man, and he is called "Yang Zhai Everyone". He became a rich businessman by doing speculative business. This time, he came to Handan from Yangzhai and met a stranger. Lv Buwei naturally knows the story of making people, and also knows the frustration of making people. Knowing that Mrs. Huayang, who was deeply loved by Ann, had no children, he made up his mind to find a way to get Mrs. Huayang to adopt an alien as his son. If Prince Guo Jun succeeds to the throne, the foreigner can become a prince in a proper way. At that time, I was able to use these special political capitals to earn all the wealth in the world. So Lv Buwei took the initiative to make friends with strangers and donated 500 yuan to him to meet his needs. Zhao's strangers were very grateful for the sudden care they received. They soon became close friends with him and poured out their pains to him.
At that time, Lv Buwei had a concubine named Evonne. Evonne was originally a beautiful woman. She was born beautiful and unfortunately fell into the world of mortals. After that, she went out with Lu It was not until this beautiful woman was pregnant with Lu's flesh and blood that she was accepted as a concubine.
Lu then attracted strangers, held a big banquet and asked girls to dance at the banquet. As the old saying goes, Yun Jiu is a matchmaker. Zi Chu was immediately fascinated and got up to celebrate Lv Buwei's birthday. In his words, he intends to give this woman to him.
Lv Buwei suddenly wanted to be furious with makes, but he had put all his eggs in one basket for makes. How can he not find a woman? In addition, Evonne was pregnant, and it is said that Lv Buwei used a now-lost medical skill to secretly determine that the womb was a male fetus. If his son is likely to become the king of Qin. Then your future position is immeasurable. Lv Buwei reasoned, and finally gave Evonne to the makes.
After marrying a stranger, Zhao Ji was deeply loved by him, but he never revealed his pregnancy. Ten months later (until the first month of 259 BC), the stranger had his first son. Strange to say, it happened that this day was the first day of the first lunar month, so he was named Zheng and named Zhao, the later Qin Shihuang. History has proved that this Zhao Zheng has opened a new era in the history of China.
In Wu Wang for ten years, at the age of three, Qin attacked Handan, the capital of Zhao, with a fierce offensive. Zhao Jun and his subjects were very anxious. They advocated killing Zi Chu. Zi Chu and Lv Buwei agreed to give six hundred catties of gold to the officials who were in charge of monitoring him, and fled to Qin Jun overnight. When Wei sent troops to save Zhao, the army of Qin returned home and followed * back to Qin smoothly.
Historical records such as Historical Records and History as a Mirror show that Qin Shihuang was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei. However, many scholars disagree with this statement. For example, The Postscript of Wang Shizhen's Reading in Ming Dynasty doubts the authenticity of the record in Biography of Lv Buwei, and puts forward two reasons: First, Lv Buwei deliberately fabricated the story that he was the father of Qin Shihuang for his own prosperity; Second, the public in Lv Buwei called Qin Shihuang an illegitimate child to vent their anger, and fabricated this statement. Guo Moruo's Ten Criticism also suspects that Lv Buwei is the father of the government of the King of Qin, and points out three doubts: First, there is no circumstantial evidence except historical records, which is not included in the national policy. Second, the story of He Chun Shen Jun and Nu Wa is like a rigid printed matter, and it is a novel with great plot. Thirdly, there is also a story in Biography of Lv Buwei that his wife is Zhao Weizhi's daughter, which obviously contradicts the above story. Guo Zhikun's Biography of Qin Shihuang gave a tit-for-tat response to Guo Moruo's three questions. He believes that, first, many records in Historical Records are not included in the Warring States Policy, so the authenticity of Historical Records is maintained without circumstantial evidence; Secondly, the story of Chunhe Nuwa originated from the Warring States Policy? Chuze. The story contained in Historical Records is similar to this, and the authenticity recorded in Historical Records cannot be denied. It can only show that this means of struggle was used by many politicians at that time. Third, there is no contradiction. Sima Qian said that Lv Buwei dedicated the best dancer in Handan to Zi Chu, which is completely reasonable.
Historical Records and Zi Tong Zhi Jian think that Lv Buwei and Qin Shihuang have a father-son relationship because:
First, it can be explained that Qin Shihuang was not a direct descendant of the Qin royal family, and those who opposed Qin Shihuang found a good reason to rebel.
Secondly, Lv Buwei adopted the strategy of defeating the political struggle of Chang Xin Hou, in an attempt to win the support of Qin Shihuang with his father and son, and enhance his own struggle strength.
Third, destroy Qin and six countries. Lv Buwei, a man of the Six Kingdoms, did not move a single soldier, but used his stratagem to push his son to the throne of Qin and seize his own country. Therefore, the anger of destroying the country can be eliminated.
Fourthly, most materials after the Han Dynasty think that Zheng is the son, looking for historical basis for the Han Dynasty and Qin Dynasty. Their logic is that it is natural for Qin to die quickly because his inner palace is so filthy and how to govern a country well.
However, some people speculate that this can't be Lv Buwei's illegitimate child:
First of all, from Zi Chu's point of view, even if there is Lv Buwei's conspiracy, its real possibility is slim. Because when Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, was in power, he would not necessarily pass the throne to Zi Chu, let alone imagine Zi Chu's future son.
Second, considering the political date of birth, if Evonne was pregnant before entering the palace, then Qin Shihuang would be born prematurely (less than 10 months), and Zi Chu would not realize it.
Thirdly, from the perspective of its origin, there is a great fourth chapter of Historical Records, which records that after Qin destroyed Zhao, the king of Qin visited Handan and killed all the people who had enemies with his mother's family. Since Evonne was born in a rich family, how could she first become Lv Buwei's concubine and then be treated as a stranger's wife? In this way, there is no story of Zhao Ji pregnant with Lv Buwei's child and then marrying another person.
Tai Shigong's final solution is:
First, abandon unreliable historical materials.
Second, the most credible historical materials are mostly used to compile biographies and tables, including Qin Shihuang, Qin Zhuang Township and Wang Zi. That's the kind.
Third, historical materials with low credit but preservation value are kept in biographies, and there are hidden argots for readers to taste.
Why is it worthwhile to sacrifice her body? Because Zi Chu got Evonne from Lv Buwei, it was about 47 years earlier than King Qin Zhao's March. Although Sima Qian expressed doubts about the pregnancy time in this statement, he obviously dared not deny the possibility of the existence of special cases. Also, another possibility needs to be considered. After Zi Chu gets Zhao Ji, she may not touch her for a month for some reason. Zhao Jihuai was King Zhao of Qin in forty-seven years, and the battle of Changping broke out in April 2008. Zi Chu may get sick because of fear, or he may be imprisoned by Zhao. During this period, Lv Buwei was pregnant with Evonne. As a proton prisoner, it's really possible, and Zi Chu doesn't know about it. Moreover, there may be some information distortion during the dissemination of this matter, and the time is wrong? There is another possible proof. After Qin defeated Zhao, Handan, the king of Qin, had a grudge against the Queen Mother's family when Zhao was born. Are they all buried?
There are different opinions about the mystery of Qin Shihuang's life experience, which is only for future generations to speculate.
Second, make great efforts to unify China's political succession. Although you are the king of the country, it is nominal. All state power is monopolized by Empress Zhao, and she has to ask everything. At this time, Lv Buwei, the prime minister, became more and more ambitious and his power was expanding. Guan Zhong, who is regarded as the monarch's elder, is no longer a tycoon, but a rich man. There were 10,000 slaves alone, and he became the richest man and powerful minister in the world at that time, just like another emperor with financial power. Only he is not satisfied. In order to make his name immortal and expand his influence, he called thousands of people to collect historical materials and compiled the famous Lv Chunqiu.
When Zi Chu, the king of Qin Zhuang Xiang, died, Evonne was in his thirties, which was a good time for romantic love. She lives alone, unwilling to be lonely and widowed. A few months later, he called Lv Buwei into the palace in the name of discussing state affairs. They used to be husband and wife, but now they just renew their previous alliance to entertain their sex. Lv Buwei also thinks highly of his work, so he has no scruples. From then on, Lv Buwei and Evonne were not husband and wife, but husband and wife. Sima Qian wrote this story in only two sentences: The King of Qin was young, and the Queen Mother had been having an affair with Lv Buwei. The first emperor was strong, but the queen mother was immoral.
However, no matter how high the wall is, scandals about Evonne and Lv Buwei soon spread inside and outside the palace, and people made it ugly. Lv Buwei is alert to this. He knew that he was brilliant and domineering and ascended the throne. If he knew about it, he would lose 10 thousand heads. Yes, I will refrain from entering the palace without authorization. Evonne is so lonely that he can't be banned. He often sends someone to call him into the palace to play at night. Lv Buwei, on the other hand, has unspeakable sufferings, so whenever he gets a call from Evonne, he makes excuses to refuse. Later, after careful consideration, I came up with a plan for the golden cicada: to find a person who can replace his queen Zhao. So he found a street hooligan named Wang and asked him to pretend to be a eunuch and enter the palace. When he was clean, he bribed the executioner and let false eunuch in for the pleasure of Empress Zhao.
Strong and skilled in sex, the queen mother is extremely lucky to him. Soon, the Queen Mother found herself pregnant with a baby. She's already a widow, and she's pregnant halfway, so it won't be a shame to tell anyone. The most important thing is that the government knows. So in order to avoid people's eyes and ears, the queen mother moved out of the palace and lived in Dazheng Palace on the grounds that divination was ominous and she wanted to avoid it. Here, Zhao Ji gave birth to two boys. The power of absurdity is also growing due to the favor of the queen mother, who was named a long-term letter. Because of his special relationship with Evonne, he once became a political upstart with thousands of children, and everything was up to him. (Biography of Historical Records and Lv Buwei)
In addition, he also had close contact with North Korean officials and met many important officials in the imperial court. In this way, peace in Lv Buwei poses a great threat to the regime. He is brilliant in politics and knows the actions of the Shandong and Hou parties like the back of his hand, but he is quite shrewd and can't show his emotions. On the surface, the government turned a deaf ear to the parties such as Lu and Hou, but in fact, it always paid attention to their activities and waited for an opportunity to eradicate them.
In 238 BC, he was 22 years old. According to the old system of Qin State, he had to hold a coronation ceremony before he could lead the government. But Lv Buwei gave him problems everywhere, in order to deter his prestige. However, in the face of the difficulties and arrogance of the two reactionary groups, the ambitious government remained calm and quietly, and he held the coronation ceremony as planned casually.
As the saying goes: the sky is not high, and people's hearts are the highest. This fallacy won the favor of the empress dowager and gave birth to two boys in succession. But if the empress dowager dies in the future, the court will certainly spare him, so he secretly has the heart of usurping the throne. So, shortly after the government was pro-government, Miao launched a riot and prepared to kill the government and seize power. As a result, he was captured alive by the government emperor who had been on guard for a long time, tortured by the car crack, and the nine families were completely destroyed. His colleagues were killed more than 20 people, involving as many as 4,000 people, but the government was not soft. Even the illegitimate children of Queen Zhao and Samuel were not spared. Empress Zhao was reduced in salary, her seal was withdrawn, and she was placed under house arrest in the farthest Lama Temple. Persuaded by ministers, Ying Zheng returned to Xianyang with Empress Zhao.
After the party was purged, the most powerful Lushi clique was placed in front of the government. Who knew that Lushi Party was his menace, and unless it was purged, he would always face the threat of regime collapse. The original intends to use this absurd case to kill Lv Buwei and get rid of the Lushi Group. However, as we all know, Lv Buwei's outstanding achievements in assisting the late king to inherit the throne may lead to bad things, so the government has not moved Lv Buwei for the time being.
In the second year of getting rid of Miao, Ying Zheng was relieved of his post as prime minister in lightning speed and drove him out of Xianyang, but he was unprepared and unable to fight back. Later, in order to prevent collusion with other countries, Zheng sent someone to send him a suicide note, saying, What did you do for the State of Qin? Qin Yu eats 100,000 households. Why did you kiss Qin? Known as Guanzhong. His family moved to Shudu! (Biography of Historical Records and Lv Buwei) At that time, Shu was in exile and the whereabouts of the prisoners were unknown. At this time, Zheng ordered to go to Shu, with the aim of eradicating Shu and letting him take his family with him. This can explain everything. Lv Buwei, who received the letter, knew that disaster was coming, so he drank and died.
At this point, the two factions of Lu and Hou were completely eliminated, and in 238 BC, the court officially ruled.
After sweeping the six countries and unifying China's political enemies, the government began to wage war against the six eastern countries. He inherited the heritage of his ancestors and carried it forward. It turned out that when he was cleaning up the anti-Party, he first carried forward the former Wang Yifeng, courtesy corporal, and recruited talents. At that time, Qin was full of talents.
Judging from the overall domestic situation, after Shang Yang's political reform, Qin's economy and military affairs were incomparable to those of the other six countries. But in terms of strategy, Qin continued to pursue the strategy of making friends with the former king and attacking the latter king. All these made Qin unify the six countries.
Ying Zheng then recruited talents and employed two very important people, namely Liao Wei and Reese. These two figures had a profound influence on the history of China until later.
Liao Wei is proficient in the art of war and has repeatedly made outstanding achievements. After Lv Buwei was purged by the government, Liao Wei came to Qin State and bravely remonstrated with Qin Shihuang. He proposed bribing important officials of various countries to make them corrupt, causing their internal paralysis and incompetence, and then conquering them by force. His strategy was adopted by the winning government. Zheng appreciates, respects and loves him very much. In life, I also let Liao Wei enjoy the same treatment as me. However, Liao Wei believes that the bee of the King of Qin is quasi-long-eyed, with a chest like an eagle and a voice like a jackal, which is evidence of ruthlessness and the heart of a tiger and a wolf. When he is in danger, he condescends. Once he succeeds, he turns his back on people and kills people mercilessly. For a man from a cloth background like me, he flattered me too much. If Qin can win the world in the future, it is difficult to guarantee that everyone will not become his slaves. I won't stay in Qin for long. Later, Liao Wei tried to escape several times, but the government managed to get him down, and worshipped him as the captain of the country. This was one of the three chief executives of the central government of the Qin Dynasty, so the world also called him Liao Wei. So, why is this dropout so concerned about Liao Wei? In fact, Zheng's cleverness is reflected in this point. He is worldly because he can monopolize talents. Liao Wei mentioned here is the person who later planned to unify the six countries.
Li Si was recommended to Zheng by. In 237 BC, in order to prevent and eliminate the spies sent by the six countries to the State of Qin, the State of Qin issued a marching order. Later, Li Si wrote an admonition to Zheng, and Zheng Xinran accepted Li Si's opinion.
It can be seen from here that Zheng is a very good person who uses people. He uses wizards, has a clear mind when things go wrong, and is polite to corporal. This can be said to be his most precious side, and it is also one of the reasons why he can win the world.
From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, the imperial court started a ten-year unified war, and Lisi became the concrete executor of the Liao Wei Plan.
South Korea was the first vassal state to be wiped out. In the 14th year of Qin Dynasty, in 233 BC, South Korea ceded territory and became a vassal state. Three years later, Qin captured the king of South Korea and destroyed South Korea.
Then he attacked Zhao and captured the king of Zhao. Gong Zijia fled to Dai Jun (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and was called Dai Wang. In the twenty-fifth year of the King of Qin, Dai Wang was also captured, and Zhao finally perished.
In the twentieth year of the King of Qin, Wang Jianling led the troops to attack Yan. To the west of Yishui, Qin defeated Yan and Dai. It occupied Ji Cheng, the capital of Yan (now southwest of Beijing). The prince fled to Liaodong County. Later, the prince had to kill Taizi Dan, who sent Jing Ke to assassinate the king of Qin, and dedicated his head to Qin Jun for peace. In the twenty-fifth year of the King of Qin, the last Wang Yixi of the State of Yan was captured and the State of Yan perished. At the same time, Wei was destroyed by Qin Jun.
At that time, Qin was not without defeat. For example, in the twenty-third year of the King of Qin, Qin Jun attacked the State of Chu, and was defeated by the Chu army because of too few troops. But for Qin, a failure will not affect Qin's vitality. After a little rectification, the king of Qin sent veteran Wang Jian to war, followed his advice and gave 600,000 troops. It took Wang Jian three years to finally win the State of Chu.
Qi was finally wiped out. From the beginning, Qi didn't recognize his situation. When Qin fought against the other five countries, Qi not only stood by and made an alliance with Qin, but didn't realize that his fate would be the same as the other five countries. Therefore, Qi did not make any preparations for war. In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Dynasty, the King of Qi suddenly woke up, sent troops to fight against Qin, and broke off diplomatic relations with Qin, but it was too late. Wang Ben, the general of the State of Qin, led an army to attack the State of Qi after destroying the State of Yan, and captured the King of Qi alive in World War I. ..
In just ten years, the King of Qin destroyed six countries, ending the division since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and establishing the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China. Zheng unified China with his wisdom and force. However, his legendary story could not be wonderful without those brave generals and counselors. As Liu Bang said, although the three are outstanding, I can use them, so I won the world. So is politics!