The first map of historical thinking, appreciation of history, the first day, the second book, knowledge points, the first unit, a prosperous and open society
Prosperous sui dynasty
First, the establishment, unification and demise of the Sui Dynasty
1, Establishment of Sui Dynasty: 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.
2. The unification of the Sui Dynasty:
Time: In 589, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and unified the north and south.
The reasons for the reunification of the Sui Dynasty are as follows: long-term division and war made the people yearn for reunification; ② North: After the great ethnic integration of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ethnic boundaries narrowed, creating conditions for the reunification of the North and the South; South: With the economic development in the south of the Yangtze River, the people in the north and south demand to end the separatist regime and strengthen cross-strait economic exchanges. (3) The Sui Dynasty managed vigorously, and its national strength was strong; The Chen dynasty ruled corruptly and its national strength was weak.
Significance: It ended more than 270 years of separatist confrontation since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and opened the Sui and Tang Dynasties for more than 320 years. Great unification? The situation has laid a foundation for the prosperity and development of economy and culture.
3. The demise of the Sui Dynasty: tyranny triggered peasant uprisings. In 6 18 AD, Emperor Yang Di was killed by the Ministry in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty perished.
Second, the economic prosperity of the Sui Dynasty-? Ruled by the emperor?
1, performance: population surge, cultivated land expansion and abundant granaries.
2. Reasons: ① National unity and social stability; (2) Emperor Wendi vigorously developed production; The ruler advocates thrift.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the country was unified and stable, the people's burden was light and the economy was prosperous. What is the history of Emperor Wen's rule? Ruled by the emperor? .
Three. The opening of the grand canal
1. Objective: To strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country.
2. Reasons for opening: ① During the more than 20 years of Emperor Wen's rule, the country was well governed, and there was a scene of economic prosperity, which enabled Emperor Yang Di to have the economic strength to open the Grand Canal. The unification of the Sui Dynasty made it possible for Yang Di to recruit millions of people. (3) Based on several ancient canals dug by the previous generation.
3. Time and people: Since 605, Emperor Yang Di has opened a Grand Canal that runs through the north and south.
4. Center and starting point: Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south.
5. Length and current situation: It is the longest canal in the ancient world with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers.
6. Four components (from north to south): Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River.
7. Connect five rivers (from north to south): Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.
8. Seven provinces and regions in circulation: (omitted)
9. The role of openness: It is conducive to maintaining national unity and centralization, and greatly promotes economic exchanges between the north and the south of China.
Why did the problem 1 in the second volume of the first grade history appear in the early Tang Dynasty? Zhenguan rule?
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was an outstanding politician in ancient China. During his reign, he focused on summing up the lessons of the Sui Dynasty and adjusting the ruling policy. He knew how to be good at people's duties, attached importance to coachable, perfected the system of three provinces and six departments in Sui Dynasty and the imperial examination system, and followed the system of land equalization since the Northern Wei Dynasty. Pay attention to reducing people's burden and developing agricultural production. Therefore, during the Zhenguan period, the country was unified, the social order was stable, the economy developed, and the national strength was strong. Zhenguan rule? . (1) Politically, Emperor Taizong learned the lessons of the demise of the Sui Dynasty, was good at employing people and being good at coachable, and inherited and developed the three provinces and six departments system of the Sui Dynasty; (2) Culturally, develop imperial examinations and attach importance to education; (3) Economically, develop production in a frivolous and generous way. (Fang, Du Ruhui,)
2. What were the four great inventions of ancient China? What's the point?
Four great inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass. Significance: It provides important conditions for the development of mankind in the fields of culture, economy and military affairs, and is a great contribution of our people to the world.
3. What is the time, purpose and content of Wang Anshi's political reform?
A: 1069, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi to preside over the political reform, hoping to achieve the goal of enriching Qiang Bing through reform. Content: Young crops method; Farmland water conservancy law; Square field average tax law; Conscription law; Jiabao law.
4. What were the measures to strengthen the autocratic monarchy in the early Ming Dynasty?
A: In the central government, the province of books was removed and the prime minister was abolished. Six ministers directly obey the emperor, and also set up a university student as the emperor's adviser. B at the local level, three departments were established, directly under the central government, and the military and political power was concentrated in the emperor. C set up specialized institutions such as Royal Guards, East Factory and West Factory to monitor officials and suppress the people; D the content of imperial examination is limited to four books and five classics, and eight-part essay is used to select scholars. Candidates can't give full play to their personal opinions and bind intellectuals' thoughts.
5. How did capitalism sprout in the middle and late Ming Dynasty?
A: After the mid-Ming Dynasty, a large number of agricultural products and handicraft products were put into the market and became commodities. There are more than 30 industrial and commercial cities in China, and many small towns and markets have emerged. Textile industry appeared in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Songjiang and other places with developed commodity economy? Machine users? . The owner has funds and looms, settings? Computer room? Hire someone to produce. What's the name of the person who works for the computer? Mechanic? Machinists receive wages from customers every day. They own the means of production. It is the early capitalists who exploit the fruits of machinists' labor, and the early workers who hire them by selling their labor. This kind? Machine users contribute, mechanics contribute? The emergence of employment relationship and employment relationship marks the emergence of capitalist relations of production.