First time: China was the Tang Dynasty.
Process:
In 659, Baekje attacked Silla, and Silla turned to the Tang Dynasty for help. Paisu led an army of 65,438+300,000 to levy Baekje, and Silla responded with 50,000 elite soldiers. Tang and Silla allied forces quickly defeated Baekje and captured Baekje Wang Yici alive. Fu Xin, the second son of King Yici, collected the remains in an attempt to restore the country. In 660, he turned to Japan for help and demanded the release of Prince Zhang Feng as a hostage. Qi Ming, the reigning Japanese queen, agreed to Fu Xin's request and sent him back to the Prince's side. In 66 1, she went to Kyushu to personally direct the battle with the Tang and Silla allied forces, but she died of overwork and the expedition plan ran aground.
In 662, Japan organized a large number of war preparation materials to assist Baekje. In May, General Atan Biloff led 65,438+070 crew members to Baekje. In August 663, the Japanese sent Lu to lead more than 10,000 reinforcements across the sea to Baijiangkou. At the same time, Tang and Silla allied forces decided to attack Liucheng, the state where Baekje King Zhang Feng was located. Tang generals Liu Renyuan, Liu and Silla Wang led the army to attack. Tang generals Liu, Du Shuang and Baekje surrendered and Fu Yulong led the water army from the river to the Baijiangkou in the lower reaches of Jinjiang to cooperate with the army to attack Zhouliucheng.
13, in order to meet the Japanese reinforcements, King Zhang Feng led the water army to stand by at Baijiangkou. 17, Tang and Silla's navy arrived at the same time as the Japanese captain, and the two armies fought. At that time, there were more than 400 Japanese warships, and the combined forces of Tang and Silla only had 170, and their forces were also at a disadvantage. In the three rounds of contest, neither side has achieved a decisive result. On 18, the two armies joined forces for the fourth time. Because Japan and Baekje overestimated their own advantages, despised the strength of the Tang and Silla allied forces, and killed each other blindly, and the result was a big defeat.
After the victory of the Baijiangkou naval battle, the Tang Dynasty continued to use troops against Koguryo, so it failed to punish the Japanese for joining Baekje in waging war against the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty kept in touch with the Japanese at that time, but the closeness was lower than that of Shoto Kutaishi and Emperor Kotoku and the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China. However, the Japanese side has always been worried about the use of force by the Tang Dynasty against Japan, and failed to initiate a larger-scale close contact with the Tang Dynasty, which was completely changed after the Japanese Emperor Tianwu ascended the throne. After the Japanese lost to China in the naval battle of Baijiangkou, it aroused the enthusiasm of learning from the Tang Dynasty and began to send larger and more envoys to the Tang Dynasty. The friendliest and closest cultural exchange period between China and China finally began. Until 894 AD, this once truly friendly period in Japanese history ended only when Japan stopped sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty.
The second and third times were Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan's war of aggression against Japan.
Process:
Yuan Dynasty is one of the only two China orthodox dynasties in China history, which is completely different from the traditional farming China. After the nomadic people entered the Central Plains, China was established as the core area, but it spanned both nomadic areas and fishing and hunting areas. The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Mongols who originated from the Central European grassland in northwest China. Mongolians are the most successful people in the history of nomadic peoples in the world to expand to settled ethnic groups and agricultural areas in an all-round way In their heyday, they established the Mongolian Empire across Europe and Asia. After the division of the Mongolian Empire, its fragmented fragments constitute some of the most important countries in the world system today. In fact, Mongolia's management in East Asia has created an unprecedented period of expansion and integration for China in China, while China is conservative in its territorial expansion.
Today, the geographical map of China was originally formed in China of the Yuan Dynasty, so China of the Yuan Dynasty was also an orthodox dynasty in the history of China, leaving a great legacy to China later. The Yuan Dynasty was also the only period in China's history when it actively expanded to the periphery and launched an all-out war in order to establish a unified security order. This alone is enough to make the Yuan Dynasty obviously different from all dynasties in the history of China. From the perspective of modern countries and international systems, the peripheral expansion of the Yuan Dynasty actually represents a kind of rationality in economy and security, which not only expands the scope of the core ruling system as much as possible, eliminates any potential acts of disturbing order, but also creates large-scale trade exchanges.
From the perspective of security and national development, China's foreign expansion in the Yuan Dynasty actually had a lot of modernity after the rise of capitalism and large-scale industrial production, and the second war against Japan and its defeat in the Yuan Dynasty were also major war events that affected the respective history of China and Japan. From the late Tang Dynasty to the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty by Mongols, Japan and China broke off diplomatic relations for four centuries. After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty in the Central Plains, he tried to change this situation and make Japan submit to the Mongols like other regimes and nations. In order to achieve this goal, Japan is required to surrender unconditionally. Kublai Khan sent envoys to Japan several times, but they were rejected by the Japanese government.
In A.D. 1270, Mongolian envoys arrived in Japan for the fifth time, conveying Kublai Khan's will: if Japan did not pay tribute to Mongolia, Mongolia would soon send troops. At that time, Sejong Kitajima (125 1~ 1284), the Japanese ruler, resolutely rejected this request and suppressed others. When Kublai Khan heard the news, he couldn't restrain his anger and humiliation of being sent five times and being rejected five times. Ignoring the fierce battle between Yuan and the Southern Song Dynasty, he ordered the preparation of troops, ships and grain to launch a war offensive against Japan. The Japanese army was also prepared under the order of Sejong of Kitajima.
In A.D. 1274, Kublai Khan ordered that "Xindu, general manager of Fengzhou, and Hong, general manager of Korean army and civilians, each take 1,000 boats, a boat from Lu Qing's Jizhou and a water boat, each with 300 boats, totaling 900, with foot soldiers15,000 people." To this end, Koreans and Han Chinese were forced to build ships, transport grain and serve as soldiers, and suffered greatly. However, Kublai Khan insisted on capturing Japan. "In winter and October, I entered the country, but the official army was not complete, and the arrows were exhausted, and I came back unexpectedly." In fact, the army of the Yuan Dynasty only achieved some success at the beginning of the war. Will be defeated again and again in the future.
Although the Japanese army's weapons are not as good as the Yuan Dynasty's long-range weapons, their commanders are not as experienced as the battlefield.