Jiangnan is known as the "land of plenty", with a long history of fishery and aquaculture. After the founding of New China, fishery production resumed rapidly. At that time, fishing was the main thing. Later, with the success of artificial reproduction of the "four big fish", it gradually turned from fishing to aquaculture. Since the reform and opening up, based on the household contract responsibility system and the construction of commercial fish bases, the vast number of fishery scientific and technological personnel have summarized and popularized the modes of high yield, intensive farming and comprehensive development of various aquaculture water surfaces, and fishery production has entered a period of rapid development with intensive farming and high yield as the mainstay. In the early 1980s, the long-standing problem of "difficulty in eating fish" was completely solved. With the deepening of reform and the liberalization of aquatic products prices, local governments and aquatic products departments have adjusted their work priorities in time. On the one hand, they stepped up the development of aquatic products processing and market circulation, tapped the market potential of aquatic products, vigorously promoted the technologies of round catching, round releasing and polyculture according to market demand, and gradually shifted the aquatic products market from seasonal centralized sales to perennial fresh sales and deep-processed products sales; On the other hand, introduce and popularize famous and excellent new breeding varieties to promote the development of fishery in the direction of high yield, high quality and high efficiency. Especially after entering the 1990s, the province's fishery industry insisted on taking the construction of seedling project as the leading factor, taking optimizing the structure, improving the quality of aquatic products and the sustainable development of fishery as the main content, and taking the industrialization construction as the goal, and fishery production entered a new stage of rapid development with quality as the leading factor.

Hunan is one of the "Top Ten Fishery Provinces in China".

Hunan's overall fishery strength is strong, and it has become one of the "Top Ten Fishery Provinces in China". Fishery development has changed from "focusing on catching" to "focusing on raising", and artificial farming has changed from laissez-faire and extensive management to intensive management with intensive cultivation, high yield and high efficiency. Fishery economy has developed from a self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy to an industrialized commodity economy, and the seller's market under the planned economy system has become a buyer's market under the market economy system. 1998, the output of aquatic products in the whole province reached 1 167800 tons, an increase of 26 times compared with 43400 tons in 1949; The output value was 7.957 billion yuan (constant price 1990), 226 times higher than that of 03 million yuan (constant price 1949). The per capita possession of aquatic products reached 17.97 kg, which was 1 1 times higher than 1949/0.45 kg. Although Hunan fishery was hit by the catastrophic floods in the history from 65438 to 0998, the per capita net income of fishermen's families still reached 2407 yuan, taking the lead in running towards a well-off life.

Hunan fishery plays an increasingly important role in agriculture, rural areas and national economy. The development of fishery has played an important role in developing agricultural resources, adjusting agricultural structure, opening up local financial resources and increasing farmers' income. From 1998, the total fishery output value of the whole province is 7.957 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 1 1.7%, which is one of the fastest, most stable and most advantageous industries in Hunan's rural economy. The total fishery output value of 28 counties (cities, districts) in the province exceeds 100 million yuan, accounting for more than 10% of the total agricultural output value. Among them, the total fishery output value of Xiangyin, Huarong, Yuanjiang, Hanshou, Dingcheng and other counties and cities is over 300 million yuan, accounting for about 20% of the total agricultural output value. 1998, there were 0/819 rural fishing grounds in the whole province, with an annual output of188,000 tons, realizing a profit of 289 million yuan, and the cumulative income of villages increased by 7821-0/10,000 yuan, making it a two-level financial resource in rural areas. As one of the twelve key agricultural projects of the provincial government, fish farming in rice fields has become an effective way for people in remote and poor areas to get rid of poverty and become rich. In a word, aquatic products have developed into the third largest agricultural product in Hunan after rice and pig sacrifice, and fishery has become the most dynamic pillar industry and economic growth point in Hunan's agriculture and rural economy.

Reform and opening up have added vitality and vigor to the development of fisheries.

This is mainly due to the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, and the gradual establishment and improvement of new fishery production and management mechanisms that are compatible with the market economic system, such as the implementation of the lease system, the joint-stock system, and the multiple contracting (risk contracting, bidding contracting, and collective contracting) system, which has mobilized the enthusiasm of workers, increased the capital investment for expanding reproduction, and made the development of fishery production more and more extensive. The fishing ground establishes a company, and the company is linked to the market, and the market guides farmers to change from a single production operation to a production operation. It is precisely under the impetus of reform and opening up that the province's aquatic resources have been gradually developed in all directions, the fishery industrial structure has been adjusted, and the growth mode has also changed. For example, the development and utilization of large water surfaces, including the water surfaces of large and medium-sized reservoirs, take the form of contracting, leasing and joint-stock cooperation in the management system, establish a water surface circulation mechanism, and properly separate the ownership and management rights of water surfaces. Technically, actively promote the use of new technologies to increase nutrition, from inner lakes and reservoirs to dumb rivers, streams and lakes outside the river; From partial fence to direct intensive cultivation; From house feeding and fence intensive cultivation to grain-saving fence intensive cultivation; From simple enclosure farming to multiplication farming; From single fishery to the combination of fishery, animal husbandry, fishery and poultry. 1998, the water surface of large and medium-sized aquaculture in the whole province reached173,000 hectares, and the output was146,000 tons, with a yield of 840 kilograms per hectare. Fish farming in paddy field is mainly to reform the traditional farming methods, form high-yield modes with Hunan characteristics, such as "high ridge and low furrow", "combination of field and furrow" and "rice flat fish" and popularize them, and at the same time expand the stocking varieties (hybrid carp, tilapia, white crucian carp, grass carp, etc. ). 1998 The paid-in area of fish farming in paddy field is 324,000 hectares, and the output of adult fish is 306 kilograms per hectare.

In the reform and opening up, a multi-channel fishery circulation system has been gradually established and improved. This system, that is, the integrated management system of production, supply and marketing, allows state-owned, collective and a large number of producers and individual traders to enter the market, thus forming an open, diversified, few links and multi-channel aquatic product circulation system. At the same time, the market system centered on the specialized market of aquatic products has been further established and improved. Yueyang "Dongting Fishing Capital", Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changde specialized aquatic products wholesale markets and Qiyang Dazhong Bridge and other aquatic products markets have been built one after another. 1998, the total amount of aquatic products in the province was 1002900 tons, and the commodity rate was 85.88%, which was transferred out of the province 173000 tons, of which 2900 tons were exported.

Fishery production has strong development potential.

Hunan fishery production has good prospects, great potential and sufficient development potential. This is, of course, due to the wide water surface, abundant aquatic resources and a relatively solid material foundation for fishery development. However, it mainly benefits from the intensive cultivation of bases, legal protection and scientific and technological guidance being taken in various parts of Hunan. It can be predicted that the fishery in Hunan in 2 1 century will be another important pillar industry of high yield and high efficiency in Hunan agriculture.

The first is the intensive cultivation of the base. According to the actual situation and market demand, Hunan has carefully analyzed the current situation that people's living standards are improving day by day, and low-grade products such as filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp account for more than 60% of fishery output, and put forward the measures of "compressing silver carp and bighead carp, increasing herbivorous fish, expanding omnivorous fish and interplanting rare fish" to strive to develop high-efficiency fisheries. By introducing soft loans from the World Bank, striving for state investment, mobilizing the masses to raise funds and replacing capital with industry, the province has built a commercial fish base of nearly 70,000 hectares. 1998, the water surface of intensive ponds in the whole province was135,000 hectares, accounting for 33.2% of the aquaculture water surface in the whole province, and 66 1700 tons of fresh fish were produced, accounting for 56.66% of the total output, with an average yield of 326 kg per mu, which was higher than the average yield of the whole province 134 kg.

The second is legal protection. Hunan fishery production began to step into the stage of fishing according to law and promoting fishing by law. With the promulgation and implementation of 1996 People's Republic of China (PRC) Fisheries Law, Hunan Province has also formulated the Fisheries Regulations of Hunan Province, as well as a series of local laws and regulations and a number of fishery policies, such as the Measures for the Collection and Use of Protection Fees for the Proliferation of Fishery Resources in Hunan Province. The Measures for the Safety Supervision and Management of Fishing Vessels and Fishing Ports in Hunan Province and the Measures for the Collection and Management of Funds for the Development and Construction of New Fish Ponds provide a legal basis for fishery production and operation.

Professional fishery law enforcement teams have been gradually established and improved. At present, the province has a total of 129 fishery agencies at all levels and 750 fishery managers, which has laid a basic organizational foundation for managing fishing according to law. Fishermen fully publicize fishery laws, regulations and relevant scientific knowledge, carry out special actions to control harmful fishing gear such as electric fish, poisonous fish, fried fish, netting and ecstasy, implement the system of closed fishing areas and closed fishing periods and the monitoring and supervision mechanism of fishery environmental protection, curb the retreat of aquatic resources and the pollution of fishery waters, promote the recovery of aquatic resources and increase the natural fishing output. Protect the germplasm resources and diversity of aquatic organisms and promote the sustainable development of fisheries. In particular, the protection of aquatic wildlife resources has been strengthened and promoted through the establishment of Zhangjiajie national giant salamander nature reserve and giant salamander rescue center. At the same time, through the implementation of the above-mentioned laws and policies, various revenue channels such as new fish pond development and construction fund, sewage fee and fishery resource protection fee have been opened up, and a solid investment mechanism for fishery development has been established to ensure the rapid and healthy development of fishery production.

The third is the technology pioneer. Fisheries and aquatic products science and technology in Hunan have grown from scratch, and gratifying research results have been achieved in recent years. According to statistics, the province has obtained more than 100 achievements in aquatic scientific research, education and popularization recognized by technical departments at or above the provincial level, including 3 national science conference awards, 2 national invention awards, 5 national scientific and technological progress awards, more than 60 provincial scientific and technological progress awards and 10 provincial "Harvest Plan" awards. More than 90% of the above scientific research results have been applied to practice, and the scientific and technological contribution rate of fishery production has reached 36%. The province's science and technology extension service system has been gradually established and improved, and high-yield breeding new varieties and new technology projects led by the "Harvest Plan" have been promoted, with a cumulative implementation area of 80,000 hectares, a total increase of more than 80 million kilograms of fresh fish, and a social fishery output value of nearly 700 million yuan. Because of its radiation, the output of pond culture in the whole province has been greatly improved. The popularization of domestic fish artificial propagation technology, grass carp disease-resistant variety breeding, large-scale intensive high-yield comprehensive culture technology in ponds and "fulminant" fish disease prevention technology has promoted the great development of fishery production. The research results of embryo development, artificial propagation, industrial breeding technology and turtle feed preparation technology of famous aquatic products such as soft-shelled turtle and soft-shelled turtle have filled the gaps in China and the province and reached the advanced level of domestic counterparts. The research results of bullfrog compound feed and snakehead oral liquid have won the national patent right. The popularization and application of practical technologies, such as rapid industrialized turtle breeding technology, high-yield paddy field model breeding technology and high-yield lake breeding technology, have had a great influence throughout the country. By 1998, Hunan has a professional aquatic science and technology team of more than 1900 people, with 1 5 provincial and municipal aquatic research institutes, 9 provincial and municipal aquatic technology extension stations, 392 township aquatic technology extension stations, and 87 1 township aquatic technology extension personnel, initially forming a provincial and municipal aquatic technology extension personnel.

Closely related to this is the gradual improvement of the fishery seedling system. Since the construction of Hunan Fish Breeding Farm and Trionyx sinensis Breeding Farm, the aquatic seedling supply system with provincial breeding farms as the leader, city and state breeding farms as the main body, county and city breeding farms as the foundation, and special variety breeding bases as the focus has been improved day by day. In 1998, there were two seed farms in China, and 16 seed farms at the prefecture level. There were 72 seed farms in the whole province, which produced 24.7 billion fry and 5.3 billion fish, ensuring the needs of fishery production and development.

Turtle culture

Turtle, also known as tuanyu, is a precious edible aquatic animal. Breeding soft-shelled turtle has the advantages of low investment, high output and quick effect. 1972, the turtle was successfully hatched for the first time in Lingxian (now Yanling) fishing ground. 1974 to 1979, Xiangyin County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province and Longhu Farm cooperated with Hunan Institute of Water Resources Science to carry out the research on artificial seedling raising technology of Trionyx sinensis, explored a relatively complete set of artificial seedling raising technology, created new technologies of heating incubation and cold water catalysis, shortened the incubation time and simplified the artificial seedling raising technology. At the same time, the culture experiment of combining fish with turtle was successfully carried out.

The research on reproductive physiology of Trionyx sinensis has promoted the artificial breeding of Trionyx sinensis.

Mr. Liu Jun, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, a fish physiologist and a professor at Hunan Normal University, has been engaged in fish research for a long time and has made great achievements in turtle research. 65438-0979, Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission issued the research topic "Breeding, Management and Breeding of Trionyx sinensis". The Biology Department of Hunan Normal University and Hanshou Institute of Special Fisheries accepted this task.

1986, the scientific and technical personnel of Hunan Fisheries Research Institute began to explore the use of geothermal energy to break the dormancy law of soft-shelled turtles, so that they were not affected by low temperature in winter, supplemented by artificial feeding of soft-shelled turtles, changing their ecological and nutritional conditions, and achieving the goal of making them grow rapidly. This study was successful, and the annual output of soft-shelled turtle per square meter of water surface was 2. 12 kg. Then the growth law of Trionyx sinensis under artificial feeding conditions was studied. Under the condition of artificial feeding, the growth speed of soft-shelled turtle is accelerated. After feeding for 365-4 14 days, the average weight of soft-shelled turtle can reach 308.4-342.3g, and the survival rate can reach over 80%. At the same time, the engineering design of breeding soft-shelled turtle by geothermal energy was studied, and the prevention and treatment of red neck disease, red bottom disease, skin rot, water mold and shrinkage disease of soft-shelled turtle were studied. This series of studies provided a certain technical basis for the artificial breeding of Trionyx sinensis, and made a successful preliminary exploration for the large-scale artificial breeding of Trionyx sinensis in Hunan Province.

The successful research on turtle feed has promoted the specialization of turtle production.

Experts engaged in nutritional research of Trionyx sinensis in Hunan Fisheries Research Institute systematically studied the nutritional requirements of Trionyx sinensis and artificial compound feed technology, and put forward nutritional physiological indexes of Trionyx sinensis at different growth stages. They found that under the same conditions, raising turtles with compound feed shortened the breeding cycle by 65,438 0.5 years compared with the traditional turtle breeding technology. The feed coefficient of young turtles was 2.92, the relative growth rate was 37.53%, and the average daily gain of individuals was 0.365,438 0 grams. In this way, the growth rate of turtles was greatly improved, the production cost was reduced, and high-density intensive breeding of turtles became possible. 1990 ——1994, with 49.22 hectares of popularization and application, with an added output value of 53,797,200 yuan.

The gradual improvement and matching of artificial turtle breeding technology in Hunan is a necessary condition for the gradual transformation from extensive management to intensive management. From 65438 to 0994, Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission took "Study on Rapid and High-yield Supporting Culture Technology of Soft-shelled Turtle in Factory" as a difficult project and invited public bidding for the whole society. Hunan Fisheries Research Institute, Cili County Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau and Hengyang Bailuhu Farm Co., Ltd. jointly unveiled the tender and achieved success. This project systematically studied the breeding technology of juvenile and adult soft-shelled turtle, including feed and feeding technology, water quality control technology and disease prevention and control technology of soft-shelled turtle, which achieved the purpose of accelerating the growth of soft-shelled turtle, reducing feed coefficient, improving survival rate and increasing benefits, and provided a mature technical guarantee for the development of artificial soft-shelled turtle breeding, utilization of various energy sources and large-scale industrial breeding in China.

Return to home page