Since the Han Dynasty, the Iron Coupon of Dan Shu has been handed down from generation to generation, almost in every dynasty and generation. The "iron coupon" was originally engraved on the coupon surface, and then filled with cinnabar, so it was called "Dan Shu Tie Qi". Liang wrote in silver, that is, "silver coupon". The Sui Dynasty used gold to write, also known as "golden vouchers" and "golden books", so later generations also called "iron vouchers" as "iron vouchers for golden books".
The Ming Dynasty is no exception. In the history of the Ming Dynasty, there were several different names of iron coupons-world coupons, patent coupons, public coupons, blog coupons, waiting coupons, hero coupons and so on.
Secretary of Shi Ming Imperial House: "Iron Ticket for Heroes: In the second year of Hongwu, Taizu wanted to seal the hero, and it was discussed as an iron ticket, but it was not customized. In other words, Taizhou people collected the iron coupons presented by Wang Tangchong and sent envoys to get them, but they lost money because of their style. Its system is like a tile, the first is seven. Public second class: one foot high and one foot six inches and five minutes wide; One is nine inches five minutes high and one foot six inches wide. Hou third class: one is nine inches high and one foot five inches and five minutes wide; One is eight inches and five minutes high and one foot and five inches wide; One is eight inches high and one foot four inches wide for five minutes. Second class: one is seven inches five minutes high and one foot three inches five minutes wide; One is six inches and five minutes high and one foot and two inches and five minutes wide. Carve a detailed resume and human feelings, and record his achievements; In order to prevent going too far, we should engrave the figures of exoneration and mitigation. These words are embedded in gold. Every 97 pairs are divided into two parts, the left is awarded to the hero, and the right is hidden in the inner government, so that they can be combined into one to win the trust of others. Six chivalrous men in three years, twenty-eight Hou, iron ticket. Male: Li Shanchang, Xu Da, Li Wenzhong, Shengfeng, Deng Yu, Chang Mao. Hou: Tang He, Tang Shengzong, Lu Zhongheng, Zhou Dexing, Hua Yunlong, Gu Shi, Geng Bingwen,,, Zheng Yuchun, Fei Ju, Wu Liang, Wu Zhen,,,,,,, Kang Duo, Zhu Liangzu, Fu Youde, Hu Mei, Han Zheng, Huang Bin. Twenty-five years later, the iron coupons were restructured and given to Fu Youde, Geng Bingwen and the late Mu Shiying. At the beginning of Yongle, there were also donors who donated to Jingnan. "
"Wanli Industry Edited, the inside and outside of the ticket are yellow": "Gong, Hou and Bobai all gave iron coupons, shaped like tiles, engraved on the surface, and the number of times the body and descendants were saved from death. Quality is like jade, not like iron. All the words are gold. There are two passes on the left and right, one for the owner to collect and store, and the other for the Tibetan government to seal and take pictures. The so-called exemption from death, except rebellion, is exempt from all capital crimes. However, after the exemption, it will be leather Jueglu, and it is not allowed to continue sealing. Cover his life. This is to ask the Spyker lords, and they all say the same thing. "
The existing "Danshu Iron Voucher" in Ming Dynasty was presented to Levin Boliwen, a local official in Qinghai Province, in the second year of Tianshun in Ming Yingzong (AD 1458). Iron coupons are now in the Qinghai Provincial Museum. 1999 I was lucky enough to see it with my own eyes when I went to Tibet and passed through Xining. This coupon is 36.5cm high, 22cm wide and weighs 1.3 kg. There is a typo 195 on the front, in which "... I have eaten a thousand stones, but I still swear to you: if I commit a capital crime other than treason, I will spare you once to reward you ..." On the back of the coupon, there is a line in regular script: "If you commit a crime, Mi Lu will not give it at all." Compared with the provisions of the earl's "iron ticket" in Ming Shi Yu Fu Zhi Si and the yellow inside and outside of the left and right tickets compiled in Wan Lu, it proves that the Historical Records is basically accurate.
1 On September 2, 1996, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued a set of 4 special stamps1collection of ancient archives in China, and the third one was designed using the physical photo of this "iron coupon".
In the Ming Dynasty, not all titles were given to Mi Lu, but Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming) was knighted. Biography of Wang Shouren in Ming Dynasty: "On meritorious service, Dr. Te Li Guanglu, Zhu Guo and Xinjian Bo. One year old inherits a thousand stones. However, iron coupons are not given. Lao Lu does not give it. "
There are also a few people who have been robbed of coupons, such as Li Shanchang, the first hero in the early Ming Dynasty, who was knighted when he died, and Guo Xun, the great-grandson of Wu Dinghou. ...
The earliest existing "iron coupon" is the "iron coupon given by King Wu Yue of Tang Dynasty" recorded in Records of Imperial Government in Ming Dynasty IV, which is now in the National Museum of China. I haven't seen this object with my own eyes. Now, an excerpt from Zhou's "The Earliest Medal-Danshu Iron Coupon" says: "The earliest existing iron coupon is the iron coupon, which has a history of more than 1,000 years. This "iron coupon" was given to me by Tang Zhaozong Ye Li in 897 AD, Qian Miao, the ambassador of Zhenhai Town. Iron coupon' is made of iron and shaped like a tile. It is 29.8cm long, 52cm wide, 2.4 1cm thick and weighs about 132. There are 350 gold characters embedded in it, and the text is 25 lines, each line is 14 words. The full text is very clumsy, and most of the cash characters are stripped. Its main content is to record the achievements of King Qian Miao of wuyue in conquering Dong Chang. "