In ancient words, Yang stands for Shan Zhinan, north of the water. Common sense tells us that if a place is in the south of the mountain and the north of the river, it is generally sunny, with weak cold wind in winter and convenient life. So, people choose? Yang? Successful city building is a common practice in ancient times. Shan Zhinan is the sun, the north of the mountain is the Yinhe River, and the north of the Yanghe River is the Yinhe River. The ancients named the city after it.
1, Duluo in Xia Dynasty
In the 2nd/kloc-0th century BC, the third emperor of Xia Dynasty, Yu's grandson Taikang, moved the capital of Xia Dynasty from Yangzhai to Shibuya. According to literature records and archaeological excavations, the specific location is located in Erlitou, Yanshi, east of Luoyang City. Taikang is a fatuous monarch, indifferent to politics and fond of hunting. In the lower reaches of the Yellow River, there was a tribal leader named Hou Yi. Once Taikang went hunting in the south of Luoshui, and Hou Yi led the troops to block his way home. Taikang had to go into exile on the south bank of Luoshui. Hou Yi made Zhong Kang, Taikang's younger brother, king. After Zhong Kang's death, Hou Yi seized the throne of Xia Dynasty. Later, Taikang's nephew resumed the rule of the Xia Dynasty and moved the Xia capital to Yangzhai. After several migrations, Xia Jie, the last king of Xia Dynasty, moved the capital to the corner.
2. Duluo in Shang Dynasty
The ancestors of Shang tribe helped Dayu to control water, and lived not far from Luoshui, and later they were named Shang (today's Shang area). In the 6th century BC/KLOC-0, Shang Tang defeated Xia Jie and established the Shang Dynasty. Shang Tang moved its capital to Xibo. Xibo is about 30 kilometers east of the old city of Luoyang, which is divided into north and south. The Shang Dynasty established its capital here for about 230 years, and then moved to Xingyang.
Luoyang is the capital of Western Zhou Dynasty.
The ancestors of Zhou tribe used to live in Luoyang. Sima Qian once said that the houses in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties are between the river (Yellow River) and Luoshui. Because the ancestors of Zhou tribe were good at planting, they were sealed in Guanzhong Plain (now Wudu, Shaanxi Province) and gradually became stronger. BC 1 1 century, Yin, helpless, led 800 princes in the League, crossed the Yellow River, and destroyed the Shang Dynasty. After Yin was destroyed, he first returned to Luoyang. He personally inspected the terrain, built a city for Zhou people to live in, namely Luoyi, and moved Jiuding, a symbol of state power, from Yindu to here. Subsequently, Zhou Wuwang made Haojiang its capital (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi). After Zhou Wuwang's death, his younger brother Zhou Gongdan assisted Zhou Chengwang (son of King Wu) in managing state affairs.
In order to consolidate its rule over the East and make use of Luoyang's superior geographical position and environment, Zhou Chengwang adopted the proposal of the Duke of Zhou, established the East Capital in Luoyang, and sent Duke of Zhou and Zhao Gong to organize a large-scale construction of Luoyi. After construction, two cities have been built, one is the King City and the other is Chengzhou City, both of which are quite large in scale. In this way, there were two Kyoto in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Haojiang in the west is called Zhou Zong, and Luoyi in the east is called Chengzhou. Luoyang is the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Luoyang is the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, an earthquake occurred in Guanzhong. Due to the corruption of the imperial court, Haojing was robbed. Zhou Pingwang decided to abolish Xijing and move the capital to Luoyi. Historically, the period after this was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang arrived in Luoyi under the escort of Qin Xianggong and others. Because of Qin Xianggong's meritorious service in riding a car, he was named a vassal and Qi surprisingly. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty experienced 548 years and was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty was weak in rule, with feudal lords fighting for hegemony and frequent wars. But Luoyang's economy and culture are very developed.
Luoyang, right Business is all over the world, and the sky is vast? The name of. Many canals have been built to irrigate farmland. There are many craftsmen engaged in handicraft labor such as rope making, wine making, pottery making and smelting. Many people are engaged in commercial activities and the commodity economy is very active.
Luoyang is the capital of Eastern Han Dynasty.
Liu Xiu was born in a noble family in Nanyang. After the peasant uprising army overthrew Wang Mang's regime, he won the peasant war and established the Eastern Han Dynasty. In AD 25, Liu Xiu made Luoyang his capital. He thinks Han belongs to Huo De. Avoid water, so change Luoyang into Luoyang (? Hey? And Luo, also known as Luoyang? Hey? )。 After 10 years of war, the Eastern Han Dynasty unified the whole country. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang had magnificent urban architecture and developed handicrafts and commerce. In handicraft industry, the smelting technology has reached a fairly high level, which can smelt white iron, tinplate, gray iron and decarbonized carbon steel. The use of coal as fuel is earlier than that in Europe 1000 years ago. At that time, Luoyang was the largest and most prosperous commercial city in China and the center of foreign trade.
There are many shops and vendors in the market. Some businessmen come from the mainland, some from frontier minority areas and some from abroad. Luoyang is also the cultural center of the country. Scholars from all over the country gathered in Luoyang. At that time, there was a imperial academy in Luoyang, which was equivalent to a national university. At most, there were more than 30,000 students. Luoyang also had the largest library in China at that time? Dongguan. The famous national observatory? The gv 10 was also built here. Many works and inventions were born in Luoyang, such as the armillary sphere and seismograph invented by Zhang Heng, the paper-making technique improved by Cai Lun, the (Hanshu) written by Ban Gu and so on. Buddhism was formally introduced into China in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Baima Temple is the first temple formally established after Buddhism was introduced into China, and it is the center of Buddhism's early spread in China. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, except Dong Zhuo moved to Chang 'an for 6 years and Cao Cao moved to Xuchang for 24 years, the capital of Luoyang was 14 emperor 166.
6. Cao Wei made Luoyang his capital.
Cao Cao was originally the commander-in-chief of the northern army in charge of public security in Luoyang, and was later promoted to Jinan for actively suppressing the Yellow Scarf Army. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, his consort Dong Cheng and some ministers returned to Luoyang from Chang 'an with Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. When Luoyang was in ruins, Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Han Xian to the program (Xuchang) and made him a vassal. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang. Cao Pi, his son, abolished Emperor Han, changed his country name to Wei, made Luoyang his capital and changed Luoyang to Luoyang. Cao Wei spent 46 years in Luoding.
7. Make Luoyang its capital.
In 265 AD, Sima Yan, the grandson of Sima Yi, forced Cao Huan to abdicate and become emperor on his own. Change the country name to Jin, known as the Western Jin in history, and still take Luoyang as its capital. In the Western Jin Dynasty, it was in Luoding capital in May1year. During the period of Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasty, the capital of Luoyang was rebuilt and its former prosperity was restored. There are many busy businesses in this city. Luoyang's trade with western countries, northern minorities and Japan has increased.
Culturally, imperial academy was restored during the Cao Wei period. ? Jian' an seven sons? And then what? Seven sages of bamboo forest? And left many excellent literary works. Chen Shou wrote the annals of the Three Kingdoms in Luoyang. Ma Jun created a rollover (waterwheel) and a guide car in Luoyang. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the ruling clique was very corrupt. They are uglier than the emperors of past dynasties, and they persecute the working people more than the scourge. Later, what happened inside the court? Eight Kings Rebellion? Luoyang was severely damaged again. In 304 AD, Xiongnu was in the north.
Noble Liu Yuan calls himself Hanwang. In 3 1 1 year, Liu Yuan's son Liu Cong captured Luoyang and killed Jin Huaidi. Five years later, Chang 'an was captured and Emperor Chen was killed, and the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by 5 1.
8. The Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang.
During the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the northern Xianbei Tuoba nationality gradually flourished. In 368 AD, they established the State of Wei in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi Province), which was called Northern Wei or Wei Yuan in history. The Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North by force, which started the Northern and Southern Dynasties, as opposed to the Eastern Jin Dynasty established by the nobles of the Western Jin Dynasty. After the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, Emperor Tuoba Hong of Wei Xiaowen decided to move the capital to Luoyang after investigation and comparison. However, ministers are reluctant to move the capital. Emperor Xiaowen of Wei marched south in the name of Qi and transferred troops south. The army arrived in Luoyang and rested for three days.
Ministers saw the prosperity of Luoyang and agreed to move the capital. After Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang (AD 494), he carried out a series of reforms in Chinese, wearing Hanfu and changing his surname to Han, which promoted the great integration of northern nationalities. He also severely punished corrupt officials, restored the economy and developed production. Luoyang has resumed development with a population of 400,000. In terms of ideology. Emperor Xiaowen of Wei advocated Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. During the 42 years when Luoyang was the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples in Luoyang. The largest is Yongning Temple. There is a wooden tower in the temple, which is 100 feet high. It is said that it can be seen hundreds of miles away. The Longmen Grottoes, which are famous at home and abroad, were also excavated during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Jia Sixie's "Qi Yao Min Shu" and Li Daoyuan's "Water Mirror Notes" are also works of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 534 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Western Wei Dynasty (in Chang 'an) and the Eastern Wei Dynasty (in Yecheng).
9. Luoyang was the capital of the Sui Dynasty.
In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui forced the Emperor of Northern Zhou Dynasty to abdicate and stand on his own feet as emperor, changing his country name to Sui and making Chang 'an his capital. In 589 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty completed the great cause of reunification, ending the 270-year division since the Western Jin Dynasty.
In 604 AD, Yang Guang, the son of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, killed his father and became emperor himself. This is Emperor Yang Di. Yang Di knew that Luoyang was a military place. In the second year of his accession to the throne, he recruited millions of migrant workers to build Luoyang City, the eastern capital, and to build the eastern capital of Sui on a large scale. Yang Di immediately moved the civil and military officials and the palace to Luoyang. Luoyang has once again become the economic, political and cultural center of the country, with a population of over one million, and entered an unprecedented period of prosperity. Yang Di also built the Grand Canal around Luoyang. The grand canal runs through the north and south, with a total length of about 2000 kilometers. At that time, Luoyang had convenient land and water transportation, developed handicrafts and commerce, and became an influential industrial and commercial metropolis in the world.
Luoyang, Tang Dou 10
In 62 1 year, Li Shimin conquered Luoyang. Luoyang was the capital of most of the Tang Dynasty, ranking second only to Chang 'an. Six emperors once moved their capital to Luoyang, and the cumulative time was about 70 years. During this period, Luoyang became the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Especially Wu Zetian, proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang 15 years. Luoyang didn't suffer much damage in the late Sui Dynasty, but it was still very prosperous in the Tang Dynasty, with a population of1400,000 at its peak. The economy of Luoyang is more developed than that of Chang 'an.
The level of handicraft industry has developed greatly. Luoyang is the processing and distribution center of silk in Tang Dynasty, and it is also the hometown of tri-color in Tang Dynasty. The Silk Road started in Luoyang, with an endless stream of ambassadors, scholars and businessmen from various countries, which strengthened cooperation and exchanges between China and foreign countries. In the Tang Dynasty, Longmen Grottoes got further development.
Step by step development. Most of the statues of Longmen Grottoes that can be seen now were excavated in the Tang Dynasty. The most famous Lushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple was excavated during the period of Wu Zetian. Luoyang is also a gathering place for scholars and bachelors from all over the country. Four outstanding men gathered in Luoyang in the early Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Gongquan, Yan Zhenqing, Yan Zhenqing, Yan Zhenqing, Wu Daozi and Xuanzang all worked and created in Luoyang. At that time, Luoyang peony was famous all over the world.
Luoyang was one of the largest cities in the East in the Tang Dynasty. On the occasion of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, politics became increasingly corrupt, social contradictions were sharp, centralization was weakened, and the separatist forces in Fanzhen expanded. In 755 AD, three towns in our time rebelled against the Tang Dynasty, captured Luoyang, claimed to be the emperor, made its capital in Luoyang and entered Chang 'an. After An Lushan returned to Luo, he was killed by his son An Qingxu, An Qingxu succeeded to the throne, An Qingxu was killed by Shi Siming, Shi Siming was still the capital of Luoyang, and the title was still Dayan. After Tang captured Chang 'an and Luoyang, Luoyang was captured by Shi Siming. Two years later, Shi Siming was killed by his son Shi Chaoyi, who committed suicide in 763 AD. The Anshi Rebellion was put down seven years later. The rebels established the Great Yan State in Luoyang, making Luoyang the central battlefield of chaos. The Tang Dynasty (including Wu Zhou) has been in Duluo for about 70 years.
Hou Liang Duluo 1 1
In the late Tang Dynasty, land annexation intensified and class struggle became increasingly acute. The imperial court was mired in factional struggle and political corruption. In 874, Wang Xianzhi led an uprising. The following year, Huang Chao responded. In 880, the rebels captured Luoyang, the eastern capital, in June 65438 +065438+10, and in February, they broke Tongguan and captured Chang 'an. But Huang Chao defected to Zhu Wen, which led to the rebels' defeat. Tang Zhaozong Ye Li named Zhu Wen King of Dongping. Later, Zhu Wen forced Tang Zhaozong to move the capital to Luoyang, and killed two emperors successively, calling himself Liang Taizu. Hou Liang has made Luoyang its capital for four years.
12, Duluo in the later Tang Dynasty
In December of the first year of Tongguang (923), it moved to Luoyang with Weizhou in Li You, with Luoyang in Xijing as the capital and Kaifeng in Tokyo as the capital. In April of the fourth year of Tongguang (926), the Tang Dynasty mutinied Li Siyuan and entered Romania, seizing the position and changing the yuan? Tiancheng is for the Ming Sect in the later Tang Dynasty. In October of the second year of Tiancheng (927), Mingzong moved the capital to Kaifeng. In April of the first year of Yingshun in the late Tang Dynasty (934), Li Congke, king of Lu, recruited troops in Luoyang and proclaimed himself emperor, which was used by the late Tang Dynasty. Luoyang is the capital of the later Tang Dynasty, and Kaifeng, Tokyo is the capital. In November of the third year of Qing Dynasty (936), Shi Jingtang, a general of the later Tang Dynasty, colluded with the Khitan to invade Luoyang, and the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty set himself on fire and died. Luoyang is the capital of the late Tang Dynasty, which lasted for 6 years and 6 months.
13, late Jin Duluo
Shi Jingtang destroyed the Tang Dynasty and the latter Jin Dynasty, that is, the emperor was located in Luoyang and was the great ancestor of the latter Jin Dynasty. In April of the second year of Tianfu (937), Jin Gaozu moved to Kaifeng, Tokyo. Luoyang was the capital of the late Jin Dynasty for six months.
In addition, other dynasties or regimes, such as Henan King (Shenyang), Western Han Dynasty (Liu Bang), Xin Man (Wang Mang), Emperor Geng Xu (), Zheng Wang and Dayan (An Lushan), all used Luoyang as their capital. In l932, Japan invaded Songhu Lake. In March of the same year, the National Government moved its capital from Nanjing to Luoyang, and in May, Shanghai ceased fighting. In 1 1 month, the National Government moved back to Nanjing.