1810 September 2006 16, under the leadership of Hidalgo, a people's uprising broke out in dolores. Hidalgo (1753 ~1811) is a priest in Dolores town. He is familiar with the history of the French Revolution and the works of enlightenment scholars. He is close to the masses at ordinary times and actively promotes the freedom and human rights thought of the French Revolution. He sympathized with Indians, cared about the development of industrial and agricultural production in this parish, and was trusted by local residents. He joined a secret organization in Guillermo and planned to hold an anti-Spanish uprising in February 18 10 to declare Mexico's independence. However, due to the destruction of this secret organization, many participants were arrested, and Hidalgo decided to rebel in advance in order to deal with this unexpected incident. /kloc-In the early morning of September, 0/6, he rang the church bell and called on the local people to fight for freedom and land. He appealed to everyone: Are you willing to be free? The hateful Spaniards took the land of our ancestors 300 years ago. Are you willing to go all out to take it back? The crowd shouted long live independence! Down with the bad government! Destroy the Spanish bandits! This is the famous voice of dolores. Later, the Mexican people designated this day as Mexico Independence Day.
Hidalgo led the rebels to attack Spanish troops stationed in nearby cities. In order to mobilize the masses, Hidalgo ordered the abolition of slavery, the abolition of Indian taxes, and the return of all illegally seized land to Indians. A large number of lower working people have defected to the uprising team. They picked up axes, machetes and sticks, attacked the manor of big landlords everywhere, burned houses, confiscated property and executed many evil owners. From the beginning, the Mexican revolution had a distinct anti-colonial and anti-feudal nature. The uprising troops achieved great success. The uprising swept through northern Mexico and advanced to the capital, Mexico City, and the team quickly expanded to 80,000 people. However, Hidalgo lacked experience in military struggle and hesitated on the issue of military strike. He could have captured Mexico City in one fell swoop, but Hidalgo mistakenly ordered the withdrawal and lost his fighter plane. Since then, although the uprising troops have won some victories, due to the lack of strong unified military command, internal divisions have occurred from time to time, and their combat effectiveness has gradually weakened. 18 1 1 At the beginning of the year, the uprising troops were ambushed by the enemy during the transfer, and Hidalgo and several main leaders were captured and sacrificed. After Hidalgo's death, his student and comrade-in-arms morelos (1765 ~ 18 15) inherited his career. Morelos is a poor village priest and a half-breed. After he succeeded as a military leader, he learned the lesson of Hidalgo's failure. Instead of large-scale confrontation with well-equipped enemies, he adopted decentralized guerrilla warfare. After two years of fighting, the rebels controlled most of southern Mexico. 18 13 In September, morelos convened a national assembly in the area under his control, attended by landlords, bourgeois intellectuals and lower-level monks. Morelos put forward social and economic thoughts such as racial equality, abolition of church and military privileges, expropriation of church land, confiscation of the property of the rich, elimination of large real estate, encouragement of small land ownership and universal suffrage, which was the most radical bourgeois revolutionary program put forward in the Latin American War of Independence. 165438+ 10 adopted the declaration of independence in October, announcing Mexico's independence from Spain.
Ferdinand VII 18 14 After the restoration of Spain, the Spanish colonial army received a large number of reinforcements and began to counter the revolution crazily. Afraid of radical revolutionary demands, some indigenous white landlords in the rebels turned to surrender to the enemy. The rebels were defeated under the attack of the enemy. 18 15, morelos died heroically after his arrest, and the rest of the uprising troops turned to the mountains to continue guerrilla warfare. 1820 After the Spanish bourgeois revolution broke out, Mexican colonists and colonial elites were afraid that the Spanish revolution would once again cause a new upsurge of the Mexican revolutionary movement, and in order to seize the leadership of the independence movement, they put forward the idea of leaving Spain. At this time, Colonel Iduwed, a Spanish colonial army officer who had suppressed the independence movement, went out to enliven the movement with his personal ambition. Under the banner of demanding independence from Spain, he advocated maintaining the reactionary manor system and the interests of the church in Mexico. His activities won the support of the big landlords and the upper classes of the church, and his slogan of independence deceived some lower classes. 182 1 year, Iduwe usurped power and declared Mexico's independence.
After the ambitious Iduwe seized the state power, he restored the monarchy in May 1822, became Augustine I, and established the Mexican Empire. The Iduvid Empire was opposed by the Mexican people and was overthrown in less than ten months. The new Mexican Constitution of 1824 recognizes Mexico as a federal republic. Under the influence of Mexican independence movement, China and the United States also declared their independence from Spain in 182 1 and once joined Mexico. 1823 broke away from Mexico and established a federal Republic-a United province of China and the United States. 1838 The United Province of Central America is divided into five countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica.