It is between 1, 1840- 1860. 1840 after the opium war, talents in China began to really pay attention to the west. The representative figures are Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan. He is the author of Atlas of the Ocean (by Wei Yuan) and Introduction to Yinghuan (by Xu Jishe). But in the meantime, there are still considerable limitations. And it was forced out by the Chinese nation after paying a huge price.

2. It is between 1860 and 1895. After a series of military failures such as the Opium War and the Second Opium War, a large number of traditional literati and aristocratic landlords such as Li Hongzhang, Zhang Zhidong and Zuo launched a "Westernization Movement" from top to bottom. During this period, some modern military, industrial, commercial, translation and public service industries began to enter the historical stage of China. Finally, the Westernization Movement was defeated by China in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. The fundamental reason for the failure of Westernization Movement was that it was a self-help under the feudal system and could not and could not change the foundation of China society.

Major events: Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration and China Merchants Bureau were established, and Shi Jing Wentong Museum was established.

3. Between 1895 and 1898. The Reform Movement of 1898 was another attempt by China people. The failure of the Sino-Japanese War forced China people to pay attention to the system. Representative figures: Emperor Guangxu, Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong. This short and powerless reform finally failed under the suppression of conservative forces. Not only failed the political reform, but also made China's politics and official system retrogress to a certain extent, which laid the groundwork for China to be completely reduced to "semi-colonial and semi-feudal" in 1900.

Major events: 1895 Kang Youwei wrote a letter on a bus in Beijing,1June 8981,Emperor Guangxu issued "Ming Dynasty as the imperial edict",1September 28, 898, "Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days".

4.1898-1911year1month. In the darkest and most corrupt period of modern China, the Qing court also "prepared for constitutionalism", but it was nothing more than deceiving the people.

5.19110 In June, the "Revolution of 1911" overthrew the decadent rule of the Qing Dynasty, and China became the first democratic and harmonious country in Asia.

It can be said that a series of struggles and explorations in early modern times were a process of repositioning and understanding ancient China in the process of modernization.