Etiquette story of ancient civilization in China

1, Ceng Zi quits.

"Ceng Zi is not at his seat" is a very famous story in the Book of Filial Piety. Ceng Zi is a disciple of Confucius. Once he sat next to Confucius, and Confucius asked him, "The king of the sages has supreme virtue, and he needs mysterious theories to teach people all over the world and make people live in harmony. There is no dissatisfaction between the monarch and the minister." Do you know what they are? " Hearing this, Ceng Zi understood that Confucius wanted to point out the deepest truth in his heart, so he immediately stood up from the mat where he was sitting, walked outside the mat and respectfully replied, "I'm not smart enough. How can I know?" Please ask the teacher to teach me these truths. "

Here, "avoiding the seat" is a very polite behavior. When Ceng Zi heard that the teacher was going to teach him, he stood up and went to the mat to ask the teacher for advice to show his respect for the teacher. Ceng Zi's polite stories are told by later generations, and many people learn from him.

2. Chengmen Sydney

Shi Yang (1053- 1 135) was a gifted scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty and a musician in Nanjianfu (now Fujian). After winning the Jinshi, he gave up being an official and continued his studies.

Cheng Hao (1032- 1085) and Cheng Yi (1033- 1 107) were famous scholars, philosophers and educators at that time, and they were both founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. Their theory was inherited by Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty and was called the School.

Shi Yang admired Cheng Cheng's knowledge and went to the school in Hao Cheng to learn from his teacher. Four years later, Cheng Hao died, and he continued to learn from Cheng Yi. At this time, he is 40 years old, still respecting teachers and studying hard. One day, it snowed heavily and it was freezing. When Shi Yang encountered a problem, he braved the cold wind to ask his classmate You Zuo (1053- 1 123) to go to the teacher's house for advice. When he came to the teacher's house, he found the teacher asleep in the chair. He couldn't bear to disturb him, for fear of affecting the teacher's rest, so he stood quietly outside and waited. When the teacher woke up, the snow under their feet was one foot deep and covered with snow. The teacher invited Shi Yang and others into the room to give them a lecture.

Later, "Chengmen Sydney" became a widely circulated model of respecting teachers.

3. Sean is a master

Sean was a strategist of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty. His ancestors were Koreans. After Qin destroyed Korea, he decided to avenge South Korea. Once, because of the attempted assassination of Qin Shihuang, he was hunted down and took refuge in Xiapi.

Sean has nothing to do next time. One day, while walking on Xiapi Bridge, he met an old man wearing a coarse cloth and a short coat. He walked beside Sean and deliberately dropped his shoes under the bridge. Then he turned to Sean and said, "Son! Get off the bridge and pick up my shoes! " Sean was shocked and wanted to give him a beating, but when he saw that he was an old man, he held back his anger and picked up the shoes under the bridge. The old man ordered again: "put on your shoes!" " "Sean thought that since he picked up the shoes, he might as well put them on, so he knelt on the ground and put them on himself. The old man put out his foot and asked Sean to help him put it on. Then he left with a smile. Sean has been watching his whereabouts with surprised eyes. The old man walked down the corridor, then turned to Sean and said, "You are a child who can be trained to be a successful person. Meet me here at dawn in the morning five days later! " Sean knelt down and said, "Yes." At first light on the fifth day, Sean arrived at Xiapi Bridge. Unexpectedly, the old man was already waiting there. When he saw Zhang Liang, he said angrily, "Why are you late for your date with the old man? Come back the next morning on the fifth day! " Say that finish and left. On the morning of the fifth day, as soon as the chicken crowed, Sean rushed over, but the old man was waiting there again. When he saw Zhang Liang, he said angrily, "Why did you fall behind me again? "Come early in five days!" Then he left again. On the fifth day, Sean arrived at the bridge before midnight. After a long wait, the old man came. He said happily, "Great." Then he took out a book, pointed to it and said, "If you study this book carefully, you can be the emperor's teacher!" " ! In ten years, the world will change and you will be rich. In the next 13 years, you will meet me at the foot of Gucheng Mountain in Jibei County, where there is a yellow stone that belongs to me. "The old man said and went away.

At dawn in the morning, Sean took out his book and read it. It turned out to be Sun Tzu's Art of War (assisted by Zhou Wuwang)! Sean cherishes it very much, often reads it carefully, and studies and studies it repeatedly.

10 years later, Chen Sheng and others rose up against the state of Qin, and more than 100 people responded. Pei Gong Liu Bang led thousands of troops and captured some places west of Xiapi. Sean joined him and became his subordinate. From then on, Sean often made suggestions to Pei according to Sun Tzu's Art of War. Pei thought it was very good and often adopted his strategies. Later, he became Liu Bang's strategist who strategized and won thousands of miles. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he was named Liu Hou. Sean will never forget the old man who taught him the art of war. 13 years later, when he followed Liu Bang through Jibei, he saw a yellow stone at the foot of the ancient city mountain and took it back, calling it "Huang Shigong", which was a treasure and sacrificed on time. After Sean died, his family buried Yellowstone National Park with him.

4. Send goose feathers thousands of miles away

The story of "sending goose feathers a thousand miles away" took place in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, a minority leader in Yunnan expressed support for the Tang Dynasty and sent a special envoy to let Mian Bogao contribute swans to Emperor Taizong.

When passing by Mianyang, kind Mian Bogao released the swan from its cage and wanted to give it a bath. Unexpectedly, the swan soared into the sky. Mian Bogao was busy reaching for it, only pulling out a few goose feathers. Mian Bogao was so anxious that she stamped her feet and began to cry. His entourage advised him, "It's no use crying because it has already flown away. Let's think of a remedy. " Mian Bogao thought, also can only be so.

In Chang 'an, Mian Bogao met with Emperor Taizong and presented a gift. Emperor Taizong saw that it was a delicate satin bag and opened it. At first glance, it is just a few goose feathers and a poem. The poem says: "Swan pays tribute to Tang Dynasty, the mountain is high and the road is far. Mianyang River lost its treasure and fell on the ground crying. After the Emperor of Heaven, Mian Bogao was spared. The ceremony is light and affectionate, and the goose feathers are sent thousands of miles. " Emperor Taizong was puzzled, and Mian Bogao immediately told the story. Emperor Taizong repeatedly said, "What a treat! It's commendable! Send goose feathers a thousand miles away, and the ceremony is light and affectionate! "

This story embodies the precious virtue of the giver's honesty. Today, people use "a thousand miles to send goose feathers" to describe the gift as thin, but the affection is extremely deep.

5. Confucius respects teachers

In the spring of 52 1 BC, Confucius learned that his students had been ordered by the king of Lu to pay homage to the emperor in Luoyang, Kyoto, Zhou Dynasty. He thought it was a good opportunity to ask Laozi, the guardian of Tibetan history in Zhou Dynasty, for his knowledge of "etiquette", so he agreed with Lu and went with the palace. The day after Confucius arrived in Kyoto, he went to the Tibetan History Museum on foot to visit Laozi. Lao Zi, who is writing the Tao Te Ching, heard that the world-famous Kong Qiu came to consult, so he quickly put down his knife and pencil and adjusted his clothes. Confucius saw a healthy old man coming out of the gate, thinking it was Laozi. He hurried forward and respectfully paid tribute to one of Lao Zi's disciples. After entering the hall, Confucius bowed again before sitting down. Laozi asked Confucius why he came. Confucius left his seat and replied, "I have little knowledge and know nothing about the ancient' etiquette system', so I specially asked the teacher." Seeing that Confucius was so sincere, Lao Tzu expressed his views in detail.

After returning to Lu, Confucius' students asked him to explain Laozi's knowledge. Confucius said, "I am a good teacher, knowing the past and the present, the source of rites and music, and the return of virtue." At the same time, I praise Laozi as an example. He said: "bird, I know it can fly;" Fish, I know it can swim; Beast, I know it can run. I can weave a net to catch a running beast, I can tie a swimming fish to a hook to catch it, and I can shoot a flying bird with a good arrow. As for the dragon, I can't know how it took the wind and cloud to heaven. Lao tze, or evil! ?

6. Emperor Han Ming respects his teacher.

When Emperor Liu Zhuang was a prince, Dr. Huan Rong was his teacher. Later, he succeeded to the throne and became emperor. He once went to Taichang House in person, sat in the east of Huanrong, set up a few sticks, and listened to the teacher's instructions as he did in the past. He also called hundreds of North Korean officials and students taught by Huan Rong to the Taichang Hall to pay tribute to his disciples. When Huan Rong was ill, Ming Di sent someone to offer condolences, and even went to see the teacher himself. Every time I visit my teacher, Ming Emperor City gets off the bus as soon as he enters the street to show his respect. After entering the door, I often hold the teacher's skinny hand and cry silently for a long time. The emperor of the dynasty did this to Huan Rong, so "the assistant ministers, generals and doctors who asked for illness were afraid to come to the door by car again, and they all worshipped under the bed." After Huan Rong's death, Ming Di changed his clothes, attended the funeral in person, and made proper arrangements for his children.

7. Kong Rong lets pears.

Kong Rong (153—208), a native of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong), was a famous writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. His literary creation was highly praised by Wei Wendi Cao Pi. According to historical records, Kong Rong was not only very clever when he was young, but also a typical example of paying attention to brotherhood, mutual help and friendship.

When Kong Rong was four years old, he often ate pears with his brother. Every time, Kong Rong always takes the smallest pear. Once, my father saw it and asked, "Why do you always take the small one instead of the big one?" Kong Rong said, "I am the younger brother, and I am the youngest. I should eat the small one and let the big one be eaten by my brother! "

At an early age, Kong Rong learned the truth of mutual courtesy, mutual help, unity and friendship between brothers and sisters, which surprised the whole family. Since then, Kong Rong has spread the story of pears for thousands of years, becoming a model of unity and friendship.