About 6000 years ago, the west of Shanghai became land, and the east became land for 2000 years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was once the fief of Huang Xie, the king of Chu, so it was nicknamed "Shen".
During the Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., residents in Songjiang (now Suzhou River) and coastal areas mostly made a living by fishing. They created a bamboo fishing tool called Hu, and because the river was called blasphemy at that time, the downstream area of Songjiang was called Hu, which was later changed to Shanghai. Shanghai was founded in 75 1 year (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao), and the Shanghai area belongs to Huating County (now Songjiang District), covering Hongkou in the north, the seaside in the south and Xiasha in the east.
In 99 1 year (the second year of Song Chunhua), due to the continuous shallow siltation in the upper reaches of Songjiang, the coastline moved eastward, and it was inconvenient for large ships to enter and leave, so foreign ships had to dock at "Shanghai Pu", a tributary of Songjiang (located on the Huangpu River near Dongshiliupu of the Bund today). In A.D. 1267 (the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty), a town was set up in Puxi, Shanghai, named Shanghai Town. In A.D. 1292 (the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty), the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty sent Shanghai out of Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's construction.
In modern Shanghai16th century (the middle of Ming Dynasty), Shanghai became the center of cotton textile and handicraft industry in China. In A.D. 1685 (twenty-four years of Qing Emperor Kangxi), the Qing Dynasty established a customs office in Shanghai.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, Shanghai has become a bustling port with merchants. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened as a "trade" port by the colonists.
In the following 100 years, foreign powers invaded Shanghai one after another, making Shanghai the main stronghold of imperialist political, economic and cultural aggression against China. 1949 On May 27th, Shanghai, a city with glorious revolutionary tradition, was liberated and started a new life.
The liberation of Shanghai opened a new chapter in its development. Under the leadership of China, after more than 50 years' efforts, the people of Shanghai have fundamentally changed the deformed old Shanghai under semi-colonial and semi-feudal conditions, which has brought about profound changes in Shanghai's economic and social outlook.
Especially since 1978, Shanghai's reform and opening up has been continuously strengthened. With a strong enterprising spirit, the people of Shanghai emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times and practiced boldly, and embarked on a new development path with China characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of the times and conforming to the characteristics of Shanghai's mega-cities, which has made historic changes in various fields of Shanghai's economic and social development, become the largest economic center in China and a national historical and cultural city, and is being built into an international economic and cultural city. Geographical location Shanghai is located at 3 1 degree north latitude 14 minutes east longitude 12 1 degree 29 minutes. Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, along the eastern edge of the Asian continent, at the front of the Yangtze River Delta, bordering the East China Sea in the east, Hangzhou Bay in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the west, the Yangtze River estuary in the north and the East China Sea in the north.
Shanghai is located in the middle of China's north-south arc coastline, with convenient transportation, vast hinterland and superior geographical position. This is a good river port and seaport. Climate Shanghai belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall.
Shanghai has a mild and humid climate, with shorter spring and autumn and longer winter and summer. In 2004, the annual average temperature 18. 1℃, sunshine 1929.6 hours and rainfall 1 158. 1 mm.
About 50% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the flood season from May to September, and there are three rainy seasons: spring rain, plum rain and autumn rain. Land area In the early days of liberation, Shanghai's land area was only 636 square kilometers.
10 in 958, Jiading, Baoshan, Shanghai, Songjiang, Jinshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Qingpu, Chongming and other 10 counties in Jiangsu Province were transferred to Shanghai, which expanded the jurisdiction of Shanghai to 59 10 square kilometers, which was almost10 in the early days of liberation. By the end of 2004, Shanghai had an area of 6,340.5 square kilometers, accounting for 0.06% of the national total area, with a length of120km from north to south and a width of100km from east to west.
The regional area is 5299.29 square kilometers, and the county area is 104 1.2 1 square kilometers. It governs three islands, namely Chongming Island, Changxing Island and Hengsha Island, of which Chongming Island covers an area of 104 1.2 1 km2, making it the third largest island in China.
Hydrology There are many rivers and lakes in Shanghai, with dense water networks and abundant water resources. It is a famous water town in the south of the Yangtze River, with a water area of 697 square kilometers, equivalent to 1 1% of the total area of the city. Most of the river networks in Shanghai belong to the Huangpu River system, mainly including the Huangpu River and its tributaries Suzhou River, Chuanyang River and Dianpu River.
Huangpu River originates from Taihu Lake, with a total length of 1 13km, and flows through the urban area. The river width is 300-770m, with an average of 360m. It is not frozen all year round and is the main waterway in Shanghai.
Suzhou River is 54 kilometers long in Shanghai, with an average width of 45 meters. The lakes in Shanghai are concentrated in the western depression at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The largest lake is Dianshan Lake, covering an area of 62 square kilometers.
Except for a few hills and mountains in the southwest, Shanghai is a flat plain, which is a part of the alluvial plain in the Yangtze River Delta, with an average elevation of about 4 meters. Land topography is generally slightly inclined from east to west.
Dajinshan is the highest point in Shanghai, with an altitude of 103.4m. In the early days of administrative division liberation, Shanghai was divided into 20 urban areas and10 suburbs.
By the end of 2003, there were 18 districts and 1 counties in Shanghai, including 1 18 towns, 3 townships, 100 sub-district offices and 3,293 residents' committees,1996544. Huangpu District covers an area of 12 square kilometer with a population of 620,000.
Postal code 20000 1. District people * * * is located at No.300 Yan 'an East Road.
Luwan District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Postal code 200020.
District people * * * is located in Chongqing South Road 139. Xuhui District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 890,000.
Postal code 200030. District People * * * is located at No.336 Caoxi North Road.
Changning District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 620,000. Postal code 200050.
District people * * * is located at Yuyuan Road 1320. Jing 'an District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000.
Postal code 200040. District People * * * is located at No.370 Changde Road.
Putuo District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 850,000. Postal code 200333.
District people * * * is located in Daduhe Road 1668. Zhabei District covers an area of 29 square kilometers with a population of 7 1 10,000.
Postal code 200070. District people * * * at 480 Datong Road.
Hongkou District covers an area of 23 square kilometers and has a population.
2. Shanghai Historical Materials (Detailed) Shanghai Bund 1928, Jiangnan, Wusong, 75 1 year (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao). Huating County is located in the east of Jiaxing, north of Haiyan and south of Kunshan. 1277 (14th year of Yuan Dynasty), Huating County was promoted to Huating House, and the next year it was changed to Songjiang House. By the Qing Dynasty, Songjiang Prefecture had jurisdiction over 7 counties including Huating, Loulou, Shanghai, Qingpu, Jinshan, Fengxian, Nanhui and Chuansha Fumintang. 12 18 1.7 (the 9th day of December, the 10th year of Jiading in Southern Song Dynasty) established Jiading County in the north of Wusong River, and later divided into Baoshan County. The sandbar in the Yangtze River estuary was located in Chongming Town around 907 (the beginning of the Five Dynasties), and was upgraded to Chongming State in 1277, and changed to Chongming County in 1369 (the second year of Ming Hongwu). Shanghai was originally a fishing village in the lower reaches of Wusong River, and gradually became a prosperous port in the Tang and Song Dynasties. During the reign of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1265- 1274), Shanghai Town was built, which was named after Shanghai Pu, located west of Huangpu River. 129 1 year (the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty), 1292 formally established Shanghai County, which governs five townships, namely Gaochang, Changren, Beiting, Yuhai and Xinjiang, and is located in the northeast of Huating County and on the east and west sides of Huangpu River. The newly excavated Guangfulin in Songjiang has greatly promoted the history of Shanghai.
Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai", is also called "Shen". About 6000 years ago, the west of Shanghai became land, and the east became land for 2000 years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was once the fief of Huang Xie, the king of Chu, so it was nicknamed "Shen". During the Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., residents in Songjiang (now Suzhou River) and coastal areas mostly made a living by fishing. They created a bamboo fishing tool called Hu, and because the river was called blasphemy at that time, the downstream area of Songjiang was called Hu, which was later changed to Shanghai.
Shanghai chengjian
In 75 1 year (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao), Shanghai belonged to Huating County (now Songjiang District), covering Hongkou in the north, the seaside in the south and Xiasha in the east. In 99 1 year (the second year of Song Chunhua), due to the continuous shallow siltation in the upper reaches of Songjiang, the coastline moved eastward, and it was inconvenient for large ships to enter and leave, so foreign ships had to dock at "Shanghai Pu", a tributary of Songjiang (located on the Huangpu River near Dongshiliupu of the Bund today). In A.D. 1267 (the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty), a town was set up in Puxi, Shanghai, named Shanghai Town. In A.D. 1292 (the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty), the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty sent Shanghai out of Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's construction.
Modern Shanghai
/kloc-In the 6th century (mid-Ming Dynasty), Shanghai became the center of cotton textile handicraft industry in China. In A.D. 1685 (twenty-four years of Qing Emperor Kangxi), the Qing Dynasty established a customs office in Shanghai. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, Shanghai has become a bustling port with merchants. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened as a "trade" port by the colonists. In the following 100 years, foreign powers invaded Shanghai one after another, making Shanghai the main stronghold of imperialist political, economic and cultural aggression against China. 1949 On May 27th, Shanghai, a city with glorious revolutionary tradition, was liberated and started a new life.
Historic change
The liberation of Shanghai opened a new historical chapter in its development. Under the leadership of China, after more than 50 years' efforts, the people of Shanghai have fundamentally changed the deformed old Shanghai under semi-colonial and semi-feudal conditions, which has brought about profound changes in Shanghai's economic and social outlook. Especially since 1978, Shanghai's reform and opening up has been continuously strengthened. With a strong enterprising spirit, the people of Shanghai emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times and practiced boldly, and embarked on a new development path with China characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of the times and conforming to the characteristics of Shanghai's mega-cities, which has made historic changes in various fields of Shanghai's economic and social development, become the largest economic center in China and a national historical and cultural city, and is being built into an international economic and cultural city.
3.*** In which country is the world-famous "Yongle Grand Ceremony"? It is a large-scale book compiled during Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. The book has 22,877 volumes, 60 volumes of contents, 1 1095 volumes, with about 370 million words.
There are seven or eight thousand kinds of books, including classics, history, philosophers, collections, Buddhist scriptures, Taoist scriptures, northern operas, southern operas, storytelling, engineering, agriculture and medicine. From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, it was the treasure of chinese heritage and the largest encyclopedia in the world.
It took six years to edit Yongle Dadian. In the first year of Yongle (A.D. 1403), Judy of Ming Taizu ordered Xie Jin, a bachelor of Hanlin, to compile a large book.
So Xie Jin called 147 people, and in the second year he compiled an integrated book entitled "Literary Masterpiece". Three years ago, JIMMYWALES co-developed a completely open online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Any Internet user can supplement and modify it.
Today, * * * has more than 1 10,000 explanatory entries, surpassing the Encyclopedia Britannica to become the largest encyclopedia in the world. Three years ago, British computer programmer Wells created Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. The difference between * * * and other encyclopedias is that it is not written by a few professional scholars. On the contrary, thousands of ordinary netizens around the world can visit the encyclopedia website at will and add entries to it.
* * * Recently, it has just exceeded one million entries (300,000 of which are in English, and the rest are in 40 other languages), among which Chinese has exceeded 1. 60,000.
It has become the largest encyclopedia in the world, three times that of the 233-year-old Encyclopedia Britannica. A considerable number of professional researchers have become users of * * * *, although they will be more cautious when using it.
In fact, if the standard of the best encyclopedia is only that the content must be correct, then * * * does have some problems. In the world of * * *, any registered member can change the content of the encyclopedia at will, and users on the website once claimed that "* * * cannot guarantee the accuracy or even correctness of the information it publishes." Nevertheless, with the growth of * * *, the infinite enthusiasm of users covers up the small problem of inaccurate information.
On average, 1900 users make at least 100 content modifications on each wiki series website every month. These "* * * main authors" monitor every change of every item they are interested in, and they don't take a penny. Each of these people has their own watch list, and once someone intentionally destroys or violates the information neutrality regulations of the website, they will immediately correct the information.
More complicated situations also happen from time to time. On some sensitive topics, there are often questions about how to express them, such as Kerry's recent record of serving in the Vietnam War. To this end, Wells, the founder of the website, opened a discussion forum and a series of formal dispute resolution mechanisms. Wells registered a non-profit foundation in Florida. It has no full-time employees and no fixed sources of funds, such as venture capital. However, in 2004 alone, Wells earned more than $654.38 million from fans of * *, which was enough for them to buy and update servers.
* * * Official English website: * * Official Simplified Chinese website: * * Official Traditional Chinese website:.
4. Introduce the historical facts about Shanghai. During the Spring and Autumn Period (320-238 BC), Huang Xie (Huangchuan, Henan), one of the four sons of the Warring States, was named Chun Shen Jun.
1292, the Yuan Dynasty established Shanghai County.
1832, Lin zexu was transferred to the governor of Jiangsu, leading many people to dredge Wusong River, Huangpu River, Zhaojiabang, Puhuitang and other water systems.
1843, Shanghai opened.
1872, Shen Bao was established.
1874, rickshaws enter Shanghai.
185 1 year, the knife club rebelled.
1908, tram operation.
1922, Sun Yat-sen put forward the "Great Shanghai Plan".
1928, Shanghai Special City separated from Shanghai County.
1932, (1 28/month) Songhu Anti-Japanese War.
1937, (August 13th) Songhu Anti-Japanese War.
From 65438 to 0938, Wen Wei Po was founded.
1949, Shanghai was liberated, with Marshal Chen Yi as mayor and Liberation Daily published.
1956, complete the public-private partnership.
1958, Shanghai County, Baoshan County, Jiading County, Chuansha County, Nanhui County, Songjiang County, Qingpu County, Fengxian County, Jinshan County and Chongming County of Jiangsu Province were included in Shanghai, and Shanghai TV Station was established.
1986, Shanghai TV Festival was founded.
1990, Pudong development, Shanghai Stock Exchange established.
Shanghai securities news was founded in 199 1.
1993, Shanghai International Film Festival was founded, and Shanghai Oriental TV Station was established.
1993 Shanghai Metro 1 Line Xujiahui to Xinlonghua (now Shanghai South Railway Station) was opened to traffic.
1995, Shanghai Metro 1 Line (Rail Transit 1 Line) was completed and opened to traffic (Shanghai Railway Station-Jinjiang Paradise).
In 2000, China Shanghai International Art Festival was established, and Heather District was merged into Huangpu District.
1999, Shanghai Pudong International Airport was completed and opened.
In 2005, Yangshan Deepwater Port was completed, Donghai Bridge was opened to traffic, and Shanghai South Railway Station was completed.
In 2009, Nanhui District was merged into Pudong New Area, and the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel Bridge was opened to traffic.
In 20 10, Shanghai World Expo was held and Hongqiao transportation hub was put into use.
5. Shanghai ferry information Shanghai ferry * * *, free encyclopedia jump to: navigation, search
Shanghai is divided into Pudong and Puxi by Huangpu River, and Chongming Island (Chongming Island, Changxing Island and hengsha island) is separated from Shanghai by the Yangtze River, so ferries play an important role in Shanghai's public transportation.
19 10, the first official ferry on Huangpu River was set off by Tanggonghao Post Office in Pudong.
At present, there are 2 1 river-crossing ferries on the Huangpu River (including 4 car ferries and 5 overnight ferries), and there are 1 1 passenger routes on the three islands. Among them, there are no direct flights between the urban area and Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha except Changxing and Hengsha.
6. Who can help me introduce the history of * * * in detail? * * Initiated by Jimmy Wells, President of Bomis.
Prior to this, he launched an encyclopedia project called Nupedia, which was set up voluntarily, but was strictly controlled. Editors all have doctorates, but they only collect a few hundred articles. Two years later, due to lack of funds and resources, the project aborted. In order not to waste these contents, in 200 1 1 year, Wales published these articles on a wiki site and invited visitors to modify them and add new contents.
This website was a great success in the first year, and so was the second year. * * * The original idea was first put forward in a conversation between Larry Sanger (then editor-in-chief of Nupedia) and computer programmer Ben Kovitz in California on February 2, 200 1 year/kloc-0.
Kovitz was one of the co-developers of wiki programs at that time (and still is). When he explained the concept of wiki to Sanger at dinner, Sanger immediately found that wiki might be the technology to create a more open encyclopedia project.
A few months before this, Sanger and his boss, the president and CEO of Bomis, Inc. in Wales, discussed how to help the development of Nupedia by establishing a more open and relaxed plan. So Sanger immediately persuaded Wales to set up a wiki in Nupedia.
The first wiki of Nupedia was launched in June, 65438+10/0, but it met with great resistance in the hands of Nupedia. Therefore, a new project named "* *" (Wikipedia) was officially launched in * * * on June 5438+1October 65438+May 5.
Servers and cables in San Diego, California, USA were donated by Wales. After three reports from the technology website Slashdot, * * * began to attract more and more attention, and Google brought thousands of new traffic every day.
English * * * reached 1 0,000 pages on February 2 and10,000 entries on September 7, 2006. In the first year of the plan, more than 20,000 entries were created, with an average of 65,438+0,500 entries per month.
On August 30, 2002, there were already 40,000 entries. The growth rate has been increasing steadily since the beginning of the plan.
Followed by the internationalization of * * *, in May 20001year, it is planned to launch the non-English * * * version of 13 (including * * * language, Chinese, Dutch, German, Esperanto, French, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Swiss). By September, three more language versions had joined the * * * family.
By the end of the year, three other language versions, including Norwegian, were announced. In February 2002, Edgar Enyedi (? Title=Edgar+Enyedy), the very active Spain * * * suddenly quit * * and set up its own encyclopedia (
Three years ago, JIMMYWALES co-developed a completely open online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Any Internet user can supplement and modify it. Today, * * * has more than 1 10,000 explanatory entries, surpassing the Encyclopedia Britannica to become the largest encyclopedia in the world.
Three years ago, British computer programmer Wells created Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. The difference between * * * and other encyclopedias is that it is not written by a few professional scholars. On the contrary, thousands of ordinary netizens around the world can visit the encyclopedia website at will and add entries to it.
The number of entries included in * * * has just exceeded one million recently (including 300,000 entries in English and the rest in 40 other languages), among which the Chinese entry 16000. It has become the largest encyclopedia in the world, three times that of the 233-year-old Encyclopedia Britannica. A considerable number of professional researchers have become users of * * * *, although they will be more cautious when using it.
In fact, if the standard of the best encyclopedia is only that the content must be correct, then * * * does have some problems. In the world of * * *, any registered member can change the encyclopedia content at will. Users on the * * * website once declared that "* * * cannot guarantee the accuracy or even correctness of the information it publishes."
Nevertheless, with the growth of * * *, the infinite enthusiasm of users covers up the small problem of inaccurate information. On average, 1900 users make at least 100 content modifications on each wiki series website every month. These "* * * main authors" monitor every change of every item they are interested in, and they don't take a penny. Each of these people has their own watch list, and once someone intentionally destroys or violates the information neutrality regulations of the website, they will immediately correct the information.
More complicated situations also happen from time to time. On some sensitive topics, there are often questions about how to express them, such as Kerry's recent record of serving in the Vietnam War. To this end, Wells, the founder of the website, opened a discussion forum and a series of formal dispute resolution mechanisms.
Wells registered a non-profit foundation in Florida. It has no full-time employees and no fixed sources of funds, such as venture capital. However, in 2004 alone, Wells earned more than $654.38 million from fans of * *, which was enough for them to buy and update servers.
* * * Official English website:/szwb/20050322/ca1502116.
9. Seek the development history of China's traditional culture, starting from the pre-Qin dynasty, and the representative thoughts of various dynasties in China, and make a free encyclopedia.
Before the establishment of the Republic, the highest ruling regime in China was mainly family inheritance. When a family overthrew the ruling family, it was a change of dynasty. The following is a list of all the major dynasties in the history of China: 1.
Xia dynasty BC 2 100- BC 1600 2. Shang BC 1600- BC 1066 3.
Before the Zhou Dynasty 1066- 1 before 22 1. 65438 BC +0066 BC-7765438 BC+0 years 2.
770 BC-256 BC 1. 770 BC-476 BC (the Warring States period began when the three families were divided into Jin) 2.
475 BC-2265438 BC +0 years 4. 22 years before Qin dynasty 1 year -206 years ago1year.
206 BC-5 BC. 1 206 to 220 years before the Han Dynasty.
206-23 BC. New dynasty 8 years -23 years 3.
25 years in the Eastern Han Dynasty-6 years in 220 years. The reflection 220-280 1.
Cao Wei 220-265 2. Xishu 22 1-263 3.
Sun Wu. Jin dynasty 265-420 1.
Western Jin dynasty 265-3 16 2. Eastern Jin 3 17-420 8.
Sixteen countries. Zhao 304-330 2 before the Han Dynasty.
304-347 years in the Han Dynasty. Liang Qian 3 14-376
Houzhao 3 19-350 5. Yan Qian.
350-394 BC. Late Qin dynasty 384-4 16 8.
Delayed. Xiqin 385-43 1 year 10.
After cooling, 385-403 1 1. Nanliang 397-4 14 12.
Southern Yan 398-4 10 13. Xiliang 407-42 1 year 14.
Summer 407-43 1 year 15. Beiyan 407-436 16.
Beiliang 40 1 year -439 9. Southern and Northern Dynasties 420-58 1 year 1.
Southern dynasties 1. Southern Song Dynasty.
Southern dynasties Southern chaoliang 502-557 4.
557-589 in the Southern Dynasties. North Korea 1.
Northern Wei Dynasty 386-534 2. Eastern Wei dynasty 534-550 3.
Beiqi 550-577 4. Western Wei 535-557 5.
Northern Zhou 557-58 1 year 10. Sui dynasty 58 1 year -6 181year.
Tang dynasty 6 18-907 12. Five Dynasties and Ten Countries 907-979 1.
Five dynasties 907-960 1. Rear beam 907-923 2.
Late Tang 923-936 3. Late Jin Dynasty 936-946 4.
947-950 in the later Han Dynasty. Last week 95 1 year -960 2.
Ten countries (902-979) 1. Wuyue (904 -978) 2.
Minimum state [[909 -945, including 943 -945)] 3. Jingnan (906 -963) 4.
Chu State (907 -95 1 year, Ma Yin, the founder of Chu State, actually started the local separatist regime in 897) 5. Wu (904 -937) 6.
Southern Tang Dynasty (937 -975) 7. Nanhan (9 17 -97 1 year) 8.
Northern Han Dynasty (95 1 year -979) 9. Former Shu (907 -925) 10.
Houshu (934 -965) 13. Song dynasty 1.
Northern Song Dynasty 960- 1 127 2. Southern Song Dynasty1127-1279 3.
Liao 9 16- 1 125 4. Xixia 1032- 1227 5.
Jin dynasty1115-123414. Yuan dynasty1260-136815.
Ming dynasty1368-164416. Qing dynasty1644-1911year.