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Bohai kingdom
Bohai Kingdom (669-926) was a local national regime established by the Mohong nationality in ancient north during the Tang Dynasty. It was founded in 698 (the first year of Wu Zetian), formerly known as "Shock Country". Seven years later (A.D. 705), it belonged to the Tang Dynasty, and fifteen years later (A.D. 7 13), it was canonized as "Bohai Kingdom". In 926 AD, it was destroyed by the Khitan State and spread to the 15th, which lasted for 229 years.
In the development process of more than 200 years, Bohai Kingdom fully imitated the feudal civilization of the Tang Dynasty, relied on the wisdom, hard work and courage of the Bohai people, nurtured a developed national economy and splendid Bohai culture, promoted the further development of the northeast frontier, and enriched the historical content of China's reunification. Created the brilliance of "Haidong Guo Sheng".
At its peak, the Bohai Sea reached the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang in the north, the coast of tatar strait and Sakhalin Island in the east, the Sea of Japan in the west, Baicheng and Daan near the border between Jilin and Inner Mongolia in the west, and Xianxing in Korea in the south. There are five Beijing, fifteen prefectures, sixty-two states and more than 130 counties. At that time, it was a big force in the northeast.
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The Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) was one of the dynasties in the history of China and the last dynasty established by the Han nationality in the history of China.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, political corruption and Yuan Shundi's rule led to the Red Scarf Army Uprising. A little monk in rags joined the Red Scarf Army. Later, he became the leader of this army. He fought in the south and fought in the north, eventually driving the Mongols back to the grassland and establishing the Ming Dynasty. The young monk is Zhu Yuanzhang. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty with Yingtianfu as the capital, Daming as the country name and Hongwu as the year name. Zhu Yuanzhang is Ming Taizu.
Sixteen emperors were handed down from the Ming Dynasty. The territory of the Ming Dynasty once included today's mainland 18 provinces, and detention centers were also set up in Northeast China and East Xinjiang. Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) was the capital city in the early Ming Dynasty, and Shuntianfu (now Beijing) was the capital city when Judy of Ming Taizu changed Yingtianfu to Yingtianfu.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the national strength was strong, and it once entered Mongolia in the north and conquered Annan in the south. Ming Yingzong acceded to the throne when he was young, and North Korea's "Sanyang" Yang Pu, Yang Shiqi and Yang Rong presided over the political situation and "made peace at home". In the seventh year of orthodoxy, eunuch Wang Zhen began to usurp power; In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy, the civil fort changed, and the military superiority since Yongle was destroyed, but Emperor Jingtai appointed Yu Qian to defeat Valla and defend the country. Hongzhi period was a period of political clarity in the Ming Dynasty, which was called "Hongzhi rejuvenating the country" in history. Zheng De and Jiajing Dynasties began to decline gradually, and social contradictions sprouted, facing the invasion of Mongolia and Japan. In the early years of Wanli, it flourished with the assistance of the famous minister Zhang. The economic scale of the Ming dynasty, including the annual income of the contemporary court, is the first in the world. It was only in the middle of Wanli that the emperor was lazy, officials were corrupt, Jurchen outside the customs rose, and the Ming Dynasty began to decline. During the apocalypse, the eunuch party dictatorship accelerated the development of this process. During the Chongzhen period, civil strife occurred in many places, and the late Jin army also broke through the Great Wall and entered the customs. In A.D. 1644, Dashun Army captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished. However, several Nanming regimes established in South China by the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty lasted for several decades, and were completely wiped out by the Qing army in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1680).
The economy and culture of Ming Dynasty belong to a relatively developed stage in the history of China. In the early Ming Dynasty, the centralization of monarchy was strengthened, and the emperor monopolized the power. However, after Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial power began to weaken, and there was a power struggle between the cabinet and eunuchs. Since the Ming Dynasty, with the Renaissance, geographical discovery and religious reform, the status of the West in the world has gradually become equal to that of the East. At the same time, western learning came to China with a group of missionaries, which opened a window and opportunity for the cultural exchange between the East and the West.
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In the Qing Dynasty (1644-191year China was colonized), the ruler was Manchu Ai Xinjue Roche. 16 16 (forty-four years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), Nurhachi was called Khan after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and was later called Jin. Its capital was in Hetuala (now Xinbin County, Liaoning Province, China), and then it was moved to Liaoyang and Shenyang. 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), Huang Taiji changed his title to Qing and proclaimed himself emperor. 1644, the peasant army led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in the Ming Dynasty, and Li Zicheng established Dashun in Beijing. The Qing army surrendered to Wu Sangui and defeated the peasant army in Li Zicheng under his leadership. Then Dourgen welcomed the emperor shunzhi into the customs and moved the capital to Beijing. 19 1 1 (Xuantong three years) After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, various provinces successively declared independence. 19 12 The Qing Emperor Puyi abdicated and the Qing Dynasty perished. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, * * * experienced ten emperors for 268 years.
The territory of Qing dynasty
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, its territory spanned Qingji in the west, Dabakash Lake in the northwest, Siberia in the north, Xing 'an Mountains and Sakhalin Island in the northeast, the Pacific Ocean in the east, Taiwan Province Province and its affiliated islands such as Diaoyu Island and chiwei yu in the southeast, and the South China Sea Islands in the south, making it the largest country in Asia. Later, with the signing of a series of unequal treaties, a lot of land was lost. The northern part of Heilongjiang, the eastern part of Wusuli River, Sakhalin Island were occupied by Russia, Taiwan Province Province was occupied by Japan, the Qingji area east of Balkhash Lake was occupied by Russia, and so on ... 1759 (twenty-four years of Qianlong) recorded that the largest territory area of the Qing Dynasty was1380,000 square kilometers.
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the Great Wall
The Great Wall has a long history and a magnificent project, which is a rare miracle in the world. Those who have not reached the Great Wall are not heroes. The Great Wall crisscrosses the vast land of our great motherland. It is like a dragon, crossing towering mountains, vast grasslands, vast deserts and heading for the vast sea. According to historical documents, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall. If you add up the Great Wall built in past dynasties, it is about 10 Wan Li. The length of the Great Wall in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties exceeded 1 Wan Li. At present, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, cities and autonomous regions have the remains of the ancient Great Wall and beacon towers. Among them, the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region alone reaches 3 Vandory.
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Agriculture is an industry that produces food and industrial raw materials by cultivating animals and plants. Agriculture belongs to the primary industry, and the science of studying agriculture is agronomy. The working object of agriculture is living animals and plants, and the products obtained are animals and plants themselves. We call the Song sector, which uses the growth and development laws of animals, plants and other organisms to obtain products through artificial cultivation, agriculture. Agriculture is the basic product that supports the construction and development of national economy.
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