One of the Eight Shames in China's History: Guan Yi Du Nan
In the late Western Jin Dynasty, Xiongnu troops attacked the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, captured Di Chin, and finally destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty.
After the Eight Kings Rebellion, the national strength of the Western Jin Dynasty was weak, which led the Huns to take advantage of the situation to transfer troops south and occupy the Central Plains. In the first year of Yongxing (304), Liu Yuan, a Xiongnu, set up an army in Zuoguocheng (now Lishi, Shanxi) and established the Han regime.
In the third year of Yongjia (3 1 1), Liu Yuan led an army to attack Luoyang twice and was repelled by the Western Jin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongjia, Liu Cong, the son of Liu Yuan, sent Schleswig, Wang Mi and Liu Yao to attack the Western Jin Dynasty, annihilated the main force of 8 Jin Army in the battle of Ningping City, and then attacked for the third time. Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, was breached, and Jin Huaidi was captured, killing more than 30,000 people. In the fourth year of lite (3 16), Liu Yao invaded Chang 'an again, captured Emperor Yi of the Jin Dynasty, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished.
The "Yongjia Rebellion" is an important event that the Central Plains once again moved from unification to division after a short period of reunification. After the Yongjia Rebellion, the rulers led the Han people in the Central Plains to cross the river from Luoyang, the capital, to Jiankang (now Nanjing), which is known as the Yongjia Rebellion in history. This is the first large-scale southward migration event in the history of China.
The second of the eight disgraces in the history of China: the shame of Jingkang.
In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), the Jin Dynasty sent troops to the south, captured Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and took away the emblem and the Qin emperor, which led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. The history is called "the shame of Jingkang" and "the difficulty of Jingkang".
In the seventh year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 125), Jin Jun attacked the Song Dynasty from east to west. The east road was led by Gan and Li Bu to attack Yanjing, and the west road was led by Taiyuan. Jinbing East Road broke Yanjing, crossed the Yellow River and went south to Bianjing. With a genial smile, Song Huizong gave the Zen position to Prince Zhao Heng to replace Song Qinzong.
In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), in the first month, Wan Yanhan led the East Route Army to Bianjingmen, forcing Song Yihe to withdraw, demanding five million and two thousand gold coins and ceding Zhongshan, Hejian and Taiyuan. In August of the same year, 8 jin j attacked Song in two ways; In November, Jin Jun joined forces to conquer Bianjing. Song Qinzong went to Jin people's camp to make peace and was detained by Jin people.
In addition to Qin Hui, more than 3,000 people, including the royal family, harem concubines and courtiers, went north to Xu Jin in large numbers, and the capital was looted. The difficulty of Jingkang directly led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The Third of the Eight Shames in China's History: The Battle of Yashan
Yashan naval battle, also known as Yamen Battle, Yamen Battle, Yashan Battle, Yamen Naval Battle in Song and Yuan Dynasties, etc. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), a large-scale naval battle between Song Jun and the Mongolian army in Yashan was also a rare naval battle in ancient China.
Yashan Mountain is located in Yamen Town, about 50 kilometers south of Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. It is the place where Yinzhou Lake goes to sea and the entrance and exit of tidal fluctuation. There are Cliff Mountain in the east and Tangping Mountain in the west, and the veins of the two mountains extend southward into the sea. For example, a door is tied with a nozzle, just like a half-open door, so it is also called yamen. The Battle of Yashan is directly related to the survival of the Southern Song Dynasty, so it is also the decisive battle of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At the end of the war, the Yuan army was outnumbered, and Song Jun was wiped out.
When the Southern Song Dynasty destroyed the country, Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea behind his little emperor Zhao Min, followed by many loyal ministers, and hundreds of soldiers and civilians jumped into the sea to die. After this campaign, the downfall of Zhao and Song Dynasties also meant the complete extinction of the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Mongolian Yuan finally unified all China.
Four of the Eight Shames in China's History: the Change of Civil Engineering.
The civil revolution took place in the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (1449), and Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen were defeated and captured in the Northern Expedition of Vara. The change of civil engineering, also known as the change of civil fort, is a disaster of civil engineering.
Tumubao is a castle, located in Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is located in the line from Juyongguan to Datong Great Wall, and it is an integral part of the Great Wall defense system.
In June of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), a Vala also invaded other people's territory first. Ming Yingzong, egged on by eunuch Wang Zhen, ignored the dissuasion of ministers. Zhu Jianshen, a two-year-old prince, was appointed Crown Prince, and his half-brother Zhu Qiyu stayed behind to lead an army to fight. Military and political affairs were arbitrary by Wang Zhen, the marching route was changed repeatedly, and the soldiers were exhausted. Kuang Yě, the minister of the Ministry of War, has repeatedly asked to enter Juyong Pass to ensure safety.
But Wang Zhen won't allow it. When the logistics troops did not continue to retreat to the civil fort, Wang Zhen ordered the camp to be moved. The hungry and unbearable soldiers were anxious and the troops were in chaos. Valla army took the opportunity to attack. The Ming army rushed to the battle, and the result was a big defeat. Sixty-six ministers, including Kuang Yě, the minister of the Ministry of War, and Wang Zuo, the minister of the Ministry of Housing, died.
At that time, the elite of the capital had fallen into the civil fort, leaving less than 100 thousand old and weak soldiers. Yu Qian urged Wang to transfer the reserve teams in Beijing and Henan, and the reserve teams in Shandong and Nanjing.
The grain transport troops from Jiangbei and Beijing provinces came to the rescue, and the people gradually settled down. They also let Yingzong go back first and let the city guard open the door. Yu Qian and other ministers made the king emperor privately, and personally refused to defend the city and sent Yingzong back to Beijing first.
In this battle, the elite troops of the Ming army were wiped out and their national strength declined. The change of civil engineering became the turning point of Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline.
Five of the Eight Shames in China's History: the Opium War.
The first Opium War was also often called the first British-Chinese war or "trade war" by Britain. It was 1840 to 1842 that Britain launched a war against China, which was also the beginning of modern history of China.
In the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium. 1June 840, there were 47 British ships and 4,000 troops.
Under the guidance of China Commercial Supervision Law, they arrived outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocked Haikou, and the Opium War began. The Opium War ended with China's failure and reparations.
China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in China's history. China began to cede territory, pay reparations and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty.
It began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, losing its independent status and promoting the disintegration of the natural economy. At the same time, the Opium War also opened a new chapter in the history of modern China people's resistance to foreign aggression.
Six of the Eight Shames in China's History: Burning Yuanmingyuan
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, they occupied Yuanmingyuan. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan.
3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire lasted for three days, and the Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins, which completely destroyed this world-famous garden and became a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.
According to statistics, there are about 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of cultural relics in Yuanmingyuan, ranging from bronze ritual vessels in China in the pre-Qin period to famous painters and painters in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and all kinds of rare treasures. Only the architectural site is left, and the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park has been established.
Seven of the Eight Shames in China's History: the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was a war of Japanese aggression against China and Korea at the end of 19. According to China's calendar, 1894, the time when the war broke out was the Sino-Japanese War, so it was called the Sino-Japanese War.
1894, the East Learning Party uprising broke out in North Korea, and the North Korean government forces were successively defeated and forced to ask for help from the sovereign state of the Qing Dynasty. Japan took the opportunity to send troops to Korea and deliberately provoked war.
1July 35, 894 (the twentieth year of Guangxu), the naval battle of Toyoda broke out and the Sino-Japanese War began. Because the Japanese had planned for a long time, the Qing Dynasty rushed to fight, and the war ended with the defeat of China and the annihilation of the Beiyang Navy. The Qing government in China was forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki on April 1895.
The result of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 brought unprecedented national crisis to the Chinese nation and greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China society.
Eight of the Eight Shames in China's History: Fengtian Incident.
The Fengtian incident was a war of aggression against China deliberately created and launched by Japan in the northeast of China on September 193 1, and it was the beginning of Japan's war of aggression against China. The Fengtian Incident is also known as the September 18th Incident and the Wicker Lake Incident.
/KOOC-0/93/KOOC-0/September/8, 2008/KOOC-0/8, under the arrangement of the Japanese Kwantung Army, the railway "guard" blew up the Nanman railway track near Shenyang Liutiao Lake (built by China and later occupied by the Japanese) and planted the Japanese. Japan used this as an excuse to shell Shenyang Beidaying. The next day, the Japanese army invaded Shenyang and successively invaded the three northeastern provinces.
1February 932, the whole northeast fell. Since then, the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime was established in the northeast of China, and began to enslave and colonize the people in the northeast for 14 years, making more than 30 million compatriots in the northeast suffer from conquered people.
The September 18th Incident also marked the starting point of the world anti-fascist war and opened the prelude to the Eastern battlefield of the Second World War.