The ethnic origin of China people consists of two parts, one is the ancestor of Eurasian tribes, and the other is the ancestor of ancient Asians. Ancient Asians were the first people to leave Africa, while Eurasian people were the second to expand among the second group to leave Africa. There are two kinds of ancient Asians, one is Dwarf Black (D-YAP), which has a common ancestor with African Black (Negro), and the other is Brown Black (C-M 130). Pure-bred short blacks are Andaman in India and Vader in Southeast Asia, while pure-bred brown people no longer exist, but they are the direct ancestors of Mongols, Jurchen and Australian aborigines. Short black people and brown people became lighter when they moved from South Asia to East Asia. One of the short black people with the highest degree of evolution is the Ainu people (Xia Yiren) in Japan. They are descendants of the tattooed people and are an important foundation of the Yamato nation. In addition, Tibetans also have a large number of short and black paternal elements. The people who walked out of Africa for the second time were called Middle Eastern Tribes (F-M89), and one of them evolved into Eurasian Tribe (K-M9), and the others evolved into Mediterranean-Caucasian race, belonging to dark white race. The primitive races of Eurasian tribes belong to undifferentiated yellow race and white race, and have evolved into several branches. One of them formed the East Asian tribe (NO-M2 14), which is called the yellow race (also known as the Huaxia-Finnish race), and the other formed the Central Asian tribe (P*), belonging to the early white people. The yellow people of East Asian tribes are divided into two branches, one is the direct ancestor of Finns and some North Asians (N-M23 1), and the other is the direct ancestor of China and Southeast Asians (O-M 175). On the basis of M 175, the yellow race in East Asia has evolved into a series of ethnic groups such as Huaxia, Dongyi, Baiyue, Miaoyao, Baipu and Nandao. Tribes in Central Asia are also divided into two categories, one is Indians and their ancestors in North Asia (Q-P36), and the other is the ancestors of mainstream Europeans and Indian Aryans (R-M207). Among them, the whites who entered Europe were the main ancestors of later Germans, Slavs, Polos and Celts (of course, these peoples also had a few other sources). These people living in northern Europe are relatively pure descendants of Eurasian tribes (mainly Central Asian tribes, and a few belong to East Asian tribes). They are called Nordic (also known as Nordic race, white sea-polo race), belonging to white race, narrow white race. They belong to a different race from the Mediterranean people in southern Europe. In prehistoric times when the level of hybrids was not high, compared with pure Mediterranean and Arabs, pure Nordics-Aryans were closer to pure yellow people in East Asia. This is very important and is the basis of the following discussion. Nordic people in northern Europe and Mediterranean people in southern Europe are mixed in central Europe, forming an alpine race. It is generally believed that the Nordic people are typical Caucasians, the Alps are typical Europeans, and the Mediterranean people are close to the Middle East. The Asian yellow race and the Asian brown race separated about 65438+ 10,000 years ago, while the Asian yellow race and the Nordic white race separated on the Iranian plateau about 40,000 years ago. Traditionally, the yellow race in East Asia and the yellow race in northern Eurasia separated in Afghanistan about 35,000 years ago. However, the latest research shows that the actual separation time of the two people may be much shorter than previously understood, and the separation place is likely to be in Yunnan. In addition, it should be noted that China people also have a part of Finnish-Ural yellow blood, but they belong to different subtypes from European yellow people. These are also important. Back in China, we have to briefly summarize the blood composition of China people:

Paternal line = overwhelming yellow race (under the F line, K line)+very few short blacks (under the C line of M 168)+very few brown races (under the D line of M 168)+very few dark whites (under the F line of M 168)+very few whites (under the K line of F line).

Matriarchal line = some yellow women (N series and lower R series)+some short black women (non-African M series)+some brown women (non-African M series)+a few dark white women (non-African N series)+possibly a few white women (N series and lower R series) ((yellow composition decreases from south to north)).

The above is based on the approximate proportion of paternal Y chromosome genetic markers (father passed on to children, son passed on to grandchildren) and maternal mtDNA genetic markers (mother passed on to children, daughter passed on to offspring, but son could not pass on to offspring). But it is mainly autosomes that determine physical fitness. Autosomal is a mixture of all the direct ancestors of a person's father's family and all the direct ancestors of his mother's family, but it is easily changed and unstable by the environment. How many people in China are of Eurasian ancestry and how many are of ancient Asian ancestry is a very complicated problem, and it has not been decided yet. But what is certain is that southerners are purer yellow people than northerners, and the purest yellow people in China are in Guangdong and Guangxi, which is no problem. Although the paternal blood relationship of the Han nationality in the north and south is over 80%, and the maternal blood relationship is over 50%, according to the results of various methods of autosomal study, the Han nationality in the north, the ethnic minorities in the north, the Japanese and the Koreans have more brown components and get together, while the Han nationality in the south and Southeast Asia has more yellow components and get together, taking the Yangtze River as the boundary. This shows that southerners generally have more yellow lineages than brown and black lineages, and northerners are hard to say. (In fact, this conclusion can be drawn from the distribution of all kinds of mitochondrial DNA inherited from the maternal line). Due to the large-scale migration of the northern Han nationality to the south in history, today's southern Han nationality blends more ancient Asian descent and distinguishes it from Southeast Asians. Of course, climate will also affect the reflection of autosomes, and this aggregation also has climate factors.

Before analyzing the physical characteristics of China people, it is necessary to list the physical characteristics of some new Asians (pure yellow people), ancient Asians (short black people and brown people), Nordic people (Nordic people) and Mediterranean people (including Middle Easterners) as follows:

1. Pure yellow people have brown eyes, double eyelids, big eyes, medium eyes, middle nose, wide nose, oval face, soft facial lines, dark brown hair, straight hair and long head, medium cheekbones, light brown skin, medium slender, without bowlegs, less body hair and the largest brain capacity.

2. Ancient Asians had black eyes, single eyelids, small eyes, shallow eyes, flat noses, flat noses, narrow faces and no three-dimensional sense. Pure black hair, curly hair, short head, high cheekbones, dark skin, short stature, thick legs, developed hair and average brain capacity.

Nordic people have blue-gray eyes, double eyelids and big eyes. The eyes are located in the center of the eye socket. The nose is round, and it is between 14. Facial lines are soft and golden, hair is straight and head is long. The cheekbones are fair, the skin is tall and strong, there is no body hair with bowlegs, and the brain capacity is medium.

4. Mediterranean people have brown eyes, double eyelids, big eyes, medium eyes, deep eye sockets, high nose bridge, aquiline nose, oval face, strong three-dimensional sense, brown hair, curly hair, long head, high cheekbones, light brown skin, medium build, strong without bowlegs, developed body hair and average brain capacity.

It should be noted that in anthropology, the colors of eyes, skin and hair are generally not used as the fundamental basis for judging race, because these are easy to change during prehistoric evolution. Even in the modern society where the role of evolutionary natural selection is greatly reduced, the height and thinness of a nation are relatively easy to change. So these are not basic racial characteristics. The fundamental difference in judging racial differences mainly lies in human bones, especially in measuring skull data, because bones, especially skulls, are relatively stable and are not easily changed by the environment. In this way, we can find that apart from the close relatives of some marginalized Indians in North Asia (later formed the Alps where Nordic and Mediterranean people live together), the pure yellow people in East Asia and the pure white people in Northern Europe and India are actually the closest races in the whole Eurasia! This is proved not only in genetic science, but also in physical observation.

Having written here, I have accumulated the above basic knowledge, and now I can begin to solve the question raised by the topic: Since the ancestors of the Nordic people are so close to those of China, why do China people look different from the Nordic people? Why don't China people have strong physique, high nose and deep eyes, blond hair and blue eyes, and white skin?

The ethnic origin of China people consists of two parts, one is the origin of Eurasian tribes, and the other is the origin of ancient Asians. Ancient Asians were the first people to leave Africa, while Eurasian people were the second to expand among the second group to leave Africa. There are two kinds of ancient Asians, one is Dwarf Black (D-YAP), which has a common ancestor with African Black (Negro), and the other is Brown Black (C-M 130). Pure-bred short blacks are Andaman in India and Vader in Southeast Asia, while pure-bred brown people no longer exist, but they are the direct ancestors of Mongols, Jurchen and Australian aborigines. Short black people and brown people became lighter when they moved from South Asia to East Asia. One of the short black people with the highest degree of evolution is the Ainu people (Xia Yiren) in Japan. They are descendants of the tattooed people and are an important foundation of the Yamato nation. In addition, Tibetans also have a large number of short and black paternal elements. The people who walked out of Africa for the second time were called Middle Eastern Tribes (F-M89), and one of them evolved into Eurasian Tribe (K-M9), and the others evolved into Mediterranean-Caucasian race, belonging to dark white race. The primitive races of Eurasian tribes belong to undifferentiated yellow race and white race, and have evolved into several branches. One of them formed the East Asian tribe (NO-M2 14), which is called the yellow race (also known as the Huaxia-Finnish race), and the other formed the Central Asian tribe (P*), belonging to the early white people. The yellow people of East Asian tribes are divided into two branches, one is the direct ancestor of Finns and some North Asians (N-M23 1), and the other is the direct ancestor of China and Southeast Asians (O-M 175). On the basis of M 175, the yellow race in East Asia has evolved into a series of ethnic groups such as Huaxia, Dongyi, Baiyue, Miaoyao, Baipu and Nandao. Tribes in Central Asia are also divided into two categories, one is Indians and their ancestors in North Asia (Q-P36), and the other is the ancestors of mainstream Europeans and Indian Aryans (R-M207). Among them, the whites who entered Europe were the main ancestors of later Germans, Slavs, Polos and Celts (of course, these peoples also had a few other sources). These people living in northern Europe are relatively pure descendants of Eurasian tribes (mainly Central Asian tribes, and a few belong to East Asian tribes). They are called Nordic (also known as Nordic race, white sea-polo race), belonging to white race, narrow white race. They belong to a different race from the Mediterranean people in southern Europe. In prehistoric times when the level of hybrids was not high, compared with pure Mediterranean and Arabs, pure Nordics-Aryans were closer to pure yellow people in East Asia. This is very important and is the basis of the following discussion. Nordic people in northern Europe and Mediterranean people in southern Europe are mixed in central Europe, forming an alpine race. It is generally believed that the Nordic people are typical Caucasians, the Alps are typical Europeans, and the Mediterranean people are close to the Middle East. The Asian yellow race and the Asian brown race separated about 65438+ 10,000 years ago, while the Asian yellow race and the Nordic white race separated on the Iranian plateau about 40,000 years ago. Traditionally, the yellow race in East Asia and the yellow race in northern Eurasia separated in Afghanistan about 35,000 years ago. However, the latest research shows that the actual separation time of the two people may be much shorter than previously understood, and the separation place is likely to be in Yunnan. In addition, it should be noted that China people also have a part of Finnish-Ural yellow blood, but they are different subtypes from European yellow people. These are also important. Back in China, we have to briefly summarize the blood composition of China people:

In fact, the paternal ancestors of China people are still relatively tall and strong, but not as tall as white people (referring to northern Europeans). There are two laws in biology. One is that the higher the altitude, the bigger and stronger the species evolved, and vice versa. Another is that temperate regions have the largest number of ethnic groups, while tropical and cold zones are relatively short. In the early stage of human race formation, it is very important to be selected by the external natural environment. After China's ancestors went out of Africa, they had long-term evolution on the Iranian-Afghan mid-latitude plateau, then entered the Yunnan mid-low latitude plateau through India and Myanmar, and finally spread to all parts of China, replacing the Asian ancient humans who originally lived in China. Among them, the Chinese people have long lived on the mid-latitude plateau in western Gansu. After the common ancestors of Nordic and Indian people separated from those of China people on the Iranian plateau, they entered the middle and high latitude plateau of Central Asia and evolved for a long time. The common ancestor of the Nordic Indian Aryans then separated from the ancestors of the Indians and entered Europe or India in two batches. The first batch of Kroma farmers in Western Europe entered Europe, and the second batch of Indo-Europeans who entered Europe nearly 20,000 years later entered from the southern Russian grassland as conquerors.

Another part of Indo-Europeans went south to India, Iran and Afghanistan, which is the famous Aryan. Between these two groups of northern Europeans, there is a group of middle eastern farmers who entered Europe in the era of agricultural expansion. They brought the Mediterranean genes of Europeans, and even some genes of African blacks (but they belong to different subtypes from Bantu blacks). It should also be reminded that the latitude of Europe is higher than that of East Asia. Prehistoric Europe not only had a high latitude, but also experienced a cold ice age. Some physical characteristics of Mediterranean people were formed to some extent because of this ice age, and farmers in Kroma were also affected a little. Mediterranean people live in the hot Middle East for a longer time, so the characteristics of high nose and deep purpose are more prominent. After the Indo-Europeans conquered Europe 6000 years ago, all Europeans' facial features looked very similar because of their mixed blood with the conquered farmers in Kroma and the Middle East, and the convergent evolution under the same geographical and climatic conditions in the same area.

In the Middle Ages, the climate in Europe was still very cold until the formation of the modern Atlantic warm current. Although the Nordic people have lived in the cold northern European high latitude plain for a long time, their national characteristics are mainly formed in the temperate plateau area, so they are not short-lived. China's paternal ancestors also evolved on the plateau, so the congenital figure is not short and thin, but the latitude is not as high as the Nordic people, and the climate conditions are warmer than the Nordic people, so the congenital foundation is not as tall and strong as the Nordic people. Eating habits and nutritional status are also very important to the formation of human race. However, the image of China people in future generations has been greatly reduced because of being mixed with short and emaciated ancient Asian women. However, apart from the innate basis of the race, it is also closely related to the climatic conditions, eating habits and nutritional status after the formation of the race. China people have always been one of the largest races in the world in ancient northern China, no less than Europeans. However, in some periods in European history, people were much shorter than today because of malnutrition.

First of all, the characteristics of "high nose and deep eyes" are compared with the flat facial features of modern orientals. Pure yellow people can actually be called "high nose and deep eyes", but they are not as exaggerated as Mediterranean people in the Middle East and southern Europe. "High nose and deep eyes" was originally the characteristic of M89' s Middle Eastern tribe descendants (it should come from African ancestors), but the evolution of Mediterranean-Caucasian race is a bit exaggerated. The descendants of M9 Eurasian tribes are much softer, which should be related to the evolution of Eurasian tribes at high latitudes for a period of time. However, compared with the cake-faced ancient Asians, pure yellow people have obvious characteristics of Eurasian yellow people and white people, and their facial features are much stronger. There are basically no pure yellow people in Asia today, but we can refer to some Southeast Asians with more yellow blood and some North American Indians between yellow people and whites. Some ethnic groups in Southeast Asia are purer yellow people than the Han people in the south (of course, some people have mixed in short black people and brown people, but the proportion is slightly lower).

Southern Han nationality is a purer yellow race than northern Han nationality. Among the Han people, the yellow race is the least, and the native northwest Han people (Xinjiang Han people belong to the Central Plains immigrants, which is another matter) are the most short, black and brown people. In addition, Sichuan in the south is a little special, with more short and black blood than other southerners. This is because Sichuan is the hometown of Miao people in history, and they belong to the short black race. Korean people are similar to Han people in northwest China. However, all kinds of northern Hu people (including Manchu and Mongolian except Bai Hu) and Japanese in history basically do not belong to the yellow race in the strict sense. Even today's Guangdong and Guangxi people are not pure yellow people, but there are more yellow ingredients than other China people. Many people slander Cantonese as "Malays". As everyone knows, some "Malay characteristics" of Cantonese people are just some reflections of the original appearance characteristics of the ancestors of the yellow race.

The pie face and small eyes of northerners and Koreans are the characteristics of brown aborigines! I am from Jiangnan, not from Guangdong. I have no intention of beautifying Guangdong and uglifying the north. For Cantonese and Fujian people, there is no need to think about "Arabian Persian descent" without thinking about seeing a higher nose and a deeper eye socket. Appropriate high nose and deep eyes are the characteristics of primitive yellow people. Today's China people have lost the appearance of the ancestors of the yellow race because of mixing with the ancient Asians with flat faces. On the other side of the old hemisphere, the Ainu people in Japan also experienced the cold ice age, and appeared the facial features with high nose and deep eyes similar to those in the Mediterranean, so that they were mistaken for Caucasians for a long time. Yellow people in East Asia lived in warm Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong until the end of the Ice Age, so they were not affected by the Ice Age and formed ethnic characteristics similar to those of Mediterranean-Caucasians in Europe and the Middle East. Moreover, due to the great integration of China's yellow paternal ancestors and ancient Asian women in East Asia, the Eurasian characteristics of the mixed-race China people were greatly weakened, and the appearance characteristics similar to those of the Nordic ancestors finally disappeared in the senses.

More unfortunately, maternal lineage has a greater influence on a person's physique than paternal lineage. Because the information that a man inherits from his mother has one more autosomal information than that inherited from his father (the information carried by the Y chromosome can be ignored compared with that carried by the X chromosome. X chromosome usually has no special function and will be mixed with autosomal, so it can generally be regarded as autosomal, forming a genetic advantage of 23: 22. This is an important reason why the actual descent of Han people, especially the southern Han people, is more inclined to Europeans, while the appearance is inclined to Mongols, Manchus and Japanese with absolute superiority in ancient Asian descent. Of course, the convergent evolution under similar climate environment in the same area is also one of the important reasons. Similarly, the similarity between northern Europeans and southern Europeans and Middle Easterners is mainly due to the similar maternal lineage. Indians and China people generally belong to the type of "white father and black mother" (pure yellow people are actually a branch of white people), while North Africans are just the opposite. They belong to the type of "black father and white mother".

Here again, China people, especially southerners, are definitely closer to Europeans than the Japanese. If you see some more European Japanese, please don't feel inferior. The proportion of Japanese who really hang out in Europe and America should not be high. They look more like Europeans, because they have more Xia Yi descent (Japanese Xia Yi's paternal descendants account for 35%, and the matriarchal nature is more). As I said above, the appearance of Xiayi people is similar to Caucasians, which is the result of convergence and evolution with Middle Eastern and Southern Europeans in the same ice age, but the genes are different. The so-called Xia Yiren is a variety of short black people at high latitudes in Southeast Asia.