There are incredible discoveries in archaeology, and those special discoveries are the oldest in history. They broke records, rewritten history, or completely changed our understanding of historical events. Some people may think that they don't have much historical and archaeological value, but their viability still amazes us. 1. With a history of 102 19 13, 20-year-old Richard prats stuffed a postcard with his address into a beer bottle and threw it into the Baltic Sea. The news prompted the discoverer to return it to him. However, beer bottles did not return to the young Germany where they drifted, but bumped all the way during the two world wars, the Great Depression and the Cold War. 100 years later, a fisherman in the Baltic Sea captured this weather-beaten drift bottle. At that time, prats was already dead. 1946 died at the age of 54. He probably didn't expect that the bottle he threw into the sea 30 years ago would break the record and fall into the hands of an unborn grandson. The oldest drift bottle has been drifting in the waters near Scotland for 98 years. It is a bottle used to monitor ocean currents. Prats's bottle was finally given to Angela Odeman, Richard's granddaughter at the age of 62. 2. Marijuana The body of a white man with blue eyes was found in a 2,700-year-old grave in China 2,700 years ago, and about 1 kg of marijuana had a pungent smell. At first, researchers thought that this still green plant was coriander. But further research shows that it is the oldest weed in the world. Researchers believe that people buried in the Gobi desert know how to smoke marijuana. All the male parts of these plants-their lodging resistance is very weak-have disappeared from underground storage. Although the remaining cannabis still has strong mental activity, scientists are most surprised to find that cannabis is not wild, but comes from a cultivated variety similar to cannabis planted today. It is not clear how this natural medicine is ingested. But other objects in the grave, such as musical instruments, riding equipment and weapons, represent the man's status. Maybe marijuana is a status symbol, or he is a doctor who uses it for medical treatment, or he is the oldest grass dealer in the world. 3.3500 years ago, Egyptian archaeologists thought that they had discovered the first known sample of meteorological report. This broken man-made stone describes a graphic event that may be the most terrible volcanic eruption in history. The Greek volcano Thera erupted 3500 years ago, and its power is unimaginable. The destructive power this time is unprecedented, destroying the advanced Minoan civilization near Crete. Other countries as far away as China have also been affected. Egypt has also been seriously affected. The 40 lines on the Storm Monument describe a large number of bodies floating on the Nile in the fierce and endless storm. If this stone tablet is a witness's description of Silas, it also changes our understanding of Pharaoh's rule. In history, Pharaoh Amos was the first king of the 18 dynasty, when Egypt's power was in its heyday. The storm tablet can be traced back to his reign. If the event described on the stone tablet is really a deadly volcanic eruption, then Amos' rule may be 50 years earlier than previously thought. 4.3800 years ago, although the art of making cheese is not new, it is rare to find old examples of cheese. In most cases, we found that fat residues indicate that some cultural relics once contained cheese. During the excavation of the ancient Xiaohe Cemetery in China (also known as "Ouedec Cemetery"), several mummies were found with cheese fragments from 3,800 years ago on their chests and necks. The verification of this yellow substance shows that this cheese is nutritious and easy to produce, similar to a fermented dairy product called Kefir. Its low salt content means that it should not be preserved for a long time, but eaten after production. But this sample is so well preserved, which may be because there are two situations when buried: First, the coffin is sealed with cowhide to prevent air from entering. Second, the soil is salty. Because cheese is easy to digest, it helps researchers to understand why in the early Bronze Age, although people didn't like lactose at that time, animal milking was so common. 52,000 years ago, the remains of a group of interesting people were found in a cave in South Africa. The age of these cultural relics shows that the late Stone Age in South Africa was 20,000 years earlier than previously thought. Two of the discoveries were particularly interesting: a pile of beeswax and a thin stick. This 35,000-year-old wax contains a toxic resin, which may be used to fix stone arrows on the shaft. If this is its purpose, then it is the oldest beeswax tool. The poison arrow spear was found to contain natural toxic ricinoleic acid during chemical test. Researchers believe that this poison was used in weapons 20 thousand years ago, which is the earliest known poison used by human beings. People murdered 64300 years ago 1987, Spanish archaeologists have discovered one of the oldest tombs in the world, which contains the remains of 28 different human bones. One of the skulls involved a particularly cruel incident. Although the researchers can't tell the gender, race and age of this person, they only know that this person is a young adult. But obviously, he suffered two devastating blows to the head. Because both times were located above the left orbit, it is very likely that the right-handed person attacked twice with a weapon in almost the same way. It can be seen that these wounds can't be caused by accident. Bones that have been dead for a long time don't break like living bones at all. Most likely, when the man faced the attacker, the wound caused by the weapon did not heal, which shows that the unfortunate man did not survive this encounter and became the oldest known murder victim in the world. 7. DNA that has survived for 500 thousand years. What was created more than half a million years ago is still alive? In Canada, Siberia and Antarctica, scientists dug deep into permafrost and found the oldest living things on earth. These ancient bacteria have a history of more than 500 thousand years. Although these bacteria should have died, their DNA evidence shows that they are still active. This discovery is different from anything seen in the scientific community before. After the live DNA of bacteria is separated, it is compared with the samples in the American global gene bank, which operates in a similar way to the fingerprint database. By matching with the entries in the database, researchers can identify the ancient substance of this bacterium. This bacterium can help researchers better understand the causes of cell aging, including why some cells age more slowly than others. In addition to contributing to the study of cell life, it can also help scientists determine whether similar life once existed on Mars. The shell sculpture 85,400 years ago is definitely not the work of Michelangelo or Van Gogh, but it is the oldest work of art ever discovered. Dutch researchers recently conducted a second study on 166 shells collected in Indonesia in the 1990s, and they found some interesting things. One of the shells has a history of 540 thousand years, and it is engraved with several straight cuts and an M-shaped sawtooth. When researchers try to copy sculptures, they find that it requires a lot of hand power and control. Although we don't know what sculpture means, it is obvious that it has a purpose. This shows that our ancient human ancestors may be smarter than we thought before. The discovery of other shells can even explain why homo erectus stone tools are so rare in Indonesia. The marks on the shells indicate that they are pre-prepared cutting tools, which further indicates that Indonesians may prefer shell tools to stone tools. Baby Fossils In 2006, 93,300 years ago, a child fossil was found in the valley of Ethiopia. This valley is famous for finding Lucy in 1974. Lucy and the baby belong to the same species, belonging to a primitive human called Australopithecus afarensis. However, this baby is older than an adult of 3.2 million years. This child, affectionately known as Lucy's child, is said to be a woman who died at the age of three. Although the researchers are not sure, it is suspected that the cause of death was drowning. Their only clue was that she seemed to slip in the gravel quickly when she drowned. She stayed there for millions of years until she was discovered in 2000. It was found that this skeleton was more complete than Lucy's, which caused some controversy. For example, children's shoulder blades are surprisingly similar to those of gorillas, which suggests that the upright Australopithecus afarensis may have been swinging around the tree. But scientists are not sure. It is possible that the characteristics of this gorilla are only inherited from the ancestors of primitive humans, and have not had a certain impact on children. 10.11200 million years old star is the oldest discovery, not on the earth, but in the depths of the Milky Way. When scientists stumbled across the oldest solar system in the Milky Way, they were processing a lot of information collected by Kepler's mission. Kepler -444 is a star with a history of11200 million years, which is about a quarter of the size of the sun. However, Kepler -444 burns so brightly that it can be seen with binoculars on the earth 1 17 light years away. This newly discovered star is surrounded by five seemingly dead planets. From the size of mercury to the earth, these planets are as hot as mercury. Mercury as we know it is too hot to support life. They complete an orbital year every 10 day. After studying this system, scientists determined that the planets began to orbit the sun for nearly 7 billion years before our young sun (4.5 billion years ago) began to form its own solar system.