1. Guanmin (Guan, Gong, Guan Temple, Nanhai Temple-Guanmin Temple)
Guan Min (1349- 1368), a native of Huanglian, Shunde County, Guangdong Province, was born for nine years (1349). He died in the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), and was the deputy governor of Wu Dun. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Guan Min's family "made a fortune, trained soldiers, got together to protect the country and defend the country, and had strict constraints, so that his hometown could rely on it."
(1) Note 1: Qing Xianfeng, edited by Guo Rucheng of Shunde County. Guan Min, Zhang Zhongxian and Dunford from Liu Long Huanglian are among them. Bandits appeared in Shunde in Yuan Dynasty, and the ocean south of Shunde was a den of thieves. In Huang Lian in the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Min "made a fortune, trained soldiers, gathered people to protect his hometown and keep it safe", and competed with the powerful pirate groups Lu Shishan and Su Shilu. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, initiated the first year of Hongwu, and recruited Liao Yongzhong, a general from the south, to Guangzhou. Guan Min, Zhang Zhongxian and Dunford immediately surrendered to Liao Yongzhong on behalf of local armed forces. In the struggle between Liao Yongzhong and several major pirate groups, the local armed forces led by Guan Min successively wiped out hundreds of pirates, and Guan Min was also retaliated by the pirate groups. The pirates besieged Huang Lian, and "Li Min died in battle, with more than 20 people in each family", and even his cousin Huang Jupu was killed. Later, Zhang Zhongxian, in the battle with pirates, "personally killed hundreds of people and died at dusk."
(2) Note 2: Guan Minchuan sees Huang Zuo's Guangdong Tongzhi. In the first year of Hongwu, Ming Taizu Liao Yongzhong granted him the right of inspection, but it was not an official position. "The thief is called gathering people to surround his hometown." Min died in the countryside. This "thief title" reflects the local people's views on his inspection right, and there is no way to verify it now. But after his death, the Ming government gave him the deputy commander-in-chief of Wu Dun Dawei's military command post, "to show loyalty in his hometown, so that he could set up a temple to worship in his old age." Another "Guangdong Comrade"? Geography has a record of Zhong Yi Pavilion in Huanglian Township, Shunde. There is a plaque in the pavilion that says "Zhong Yi Township".
(3) Note 3, The Record of Wu Ming Back to the 57th Home > 06 Historical Collection-1725 > 03 Bieshi-100 > 5 1- Records of Wu Zong of Ming Dynasty-> 59- Records of Ming Dynasty Back to rebuild Guanmin Temple, a captain and deputy commander of military forces □ Hong.
(4) Note 4: Chronology of Dunyi Temple in Huanglian Township and Chronology of Dunyi Temple in Huanglian Township are records of the establishment of contemporary temples. According to Guan's genealogy, Guan Min was born in the ninth year (1349) and died in the first year of Hongwu (1368), so he was only 20 years old when he died. Guan Min has no children and no daughters, but his father has only one son and three daughters, and was adopted by another room. Therefore, to understand the family relationship in his settlement, we need to start from his grandfather's generation. According to the genealogy, his grandfather Chen Liang originally lived in Shannan Township, Nanhai. "The Yuan Dynasty moved its capital to Maoyu, Huang Lian, and today it runs through Tung Chung Township, Shunde County, with its capital in Fort Huang Lian. He is from Jiuyuan, Liu Jia, and his surname is Wu Sheng. He lives in Zhongguofang, Zhong Yi Township, Huanglian. "
(Note) This was compiled in wiki on May 27th, 20 17: the entry "wiki/ Guan Min" was added. Frankly speaking, after the Ming Dynasty, it was probably Min who gave Huanglian the title of zhongyi township, followed by Min Temple and Guan Min Temple, all of which were temples and models established by the Ming Dynasty to unify Guangdong and educate local people. This is another story.
2. Guanmin Temple Ci
Four Ku Encyclopedias, Xi An Ji, Xi Jiu. Ming, Sun Xu, author.
Guan Min Temple Ci Ming, Sun Yan.
The wind in Ying Ying is like a dragon hall, the sea is like a shadow, and clouds are flowing.
Sichuan pepper is becoming more and more popular. It is delicious in the middle and made of cinnamon pulp.
The new palace is in my hometown, and the boat is late. I am very sad.
Loyalty to zero has been highlighted, and the atmosphere of the trapped group has not been broken.
Picking Qingling to make waves and extending the moon to smoke gardens.
It's sad to build this lonely tree by changing its name, like leaving the mountain behind with the wind.
Loquat is green, golden bucket is yellow, and Millennium is summer. Wait for this state.
Clouds and rain with flags will help you be upright and punish traitors.
High back, alas, hou can forget! "
This is a sentence by Sun Da, a Guangdong poet, which is included in Sikuquanshu and the last sentence in his works. Originally, I wanted to translate it into modern poetry, but now I forget to do only clauses and paragraphs. In the poem, the author expresses the scene of attending a friend's memorial activity in his hometown, and also expresses his feelings about the people, events and scenery in his hometown. The last paragraph expresses the unforgettable memory of Guan Min's loyalty, which can be described as a thousand years of honesty and can punish traitors.
In fact, among the brothers who participated in the recovery of Guangdong and surrendered to Daming, Sun Guan is an example of a writer and martial artist. In Shunde's hometown (note that there was no Shunde at that time), Guan Min left Zhong Yi Township and Guan Min Temple after his martyrdom, and the poet of Sun Da left this poem about Guan Min Temple.
Sun, a great poet, as an aide, specially played in the imperial court, eulogized Guan Min who died for Daming, canonized Huang Lian as his hometown, and set up a temple to worship Guan Min to educate the people of Guangdong. Now, Sun Guan is dead. Guan Min Temple (Guan Gong Min Ci) no longer exists. The rest are Huanglian, the hometown of Zhong Yi, and the lovely Shunde people who live here.
I'll talk about coptis later. Now Huanglian is a tourist town, one of the representative places of Lingnan water town and dragon boat culture. In 20 19, the government and the people reopened the Huanglian Historical Materials Museum, rejuvenating and continuing their glory in Shunde.
Look at the historical materials of Huang Lian, find the sites of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, ancestral temples and rural temples, as well as cheerful dragon boats and many tourists from Huang Lian every Dragon Boat Festival. This must be a pleasure. If you have time, go to Shunde and Huanglian to find the unique charm of this small town in Lingnan.
3. Guanmin Temple in Huanglian (Guanmin Temple, Zhong Yi Temple in Nanhai-Guanmin Temple, demolished)
From Guangdong Guanshi Genealogy and Daming Hui Dian
According to Shunde County Records, Guanmin Temple is located in Huanglian Township. Min, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he called the people to defend their country and go to the countryside. Many people surrendered, but few died. A letter was sent to a captain in Wu Dun and a deputy commander in the military department to build a shrine, which was dedicated in autumn and September. See "Da Ming Hui Dian". (Nanhai Zhong Yi Temple: Wu Hong, Chusi, Nanhai Min, Guanmin)
The genealogy of Huanglian Guanshi records: the tenth Guanmin, the word is quite clever. Julian Waghann went south, saved his hometown, and pacified Longtan from the dragon, and all three were eliminated, all in the hands of the king. Liao Yongzhong, the general of the Southern Expedition, invited to build a shrine and dedicated it to the founding heroes. Hou, deputy commander of a captain's military division. Make you loyal. Guangxi, in autumn and September every year, is sacrificed by the county, and Huang (Huang Lian) belongs to the township, which is tax-free for more than 30 miles. It records the heroes of the Ming Dynasty, and Fu Zhizhong of Guangzhou has spread all the way to the South China Sea. Old county annals, Shunde annals, pavilions and pavilions. Sacrificial etiquette, family tradition shows loyalty. He was arrested for nine years, sealed and ordered to have a teacher, and sacrificed to Kyoto at the age of nine. Heroes through the ages, Kirin and sacrifice. The regulations of the Ministry of Silver Wood, the country of mountains and rivers, the saving of dry counties, and the issuance of governors.
Appendix 1: Guanminggong Temple "Stand up to the outside world and be loyal to the world"
20 17-04-28 was published in history by Southern Metropolis Daily.
Original website:/space-308742-do-blog-ID-408021.html.
What I know about Huanglian Guanmin Temple (Shunde blog) was published in 2020-12/23.
In the 1950s, there was a Guanmin Temple in Guandi Village of Huanglian Community. Guan Min, who is enshrined in the temple, is a character with a lot of stories. In the Yuan Dynasty, Liang, the predecessor of our village, married Guan Min's own sister. Seeing that his brother-in-law is a good man, Guan Min has no land to make a living, so he zoned a large piece of cultivated land at the edge of the village for him to make a living. This is now Huanglian Beitou Village, which shows that Guan Min is an upright person. According to relevant historical records:
Bandits appeared in Shunde in Yuan Dynasty, and the ocean south of Shunde was a den of thieves. In Huang Lian in the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Min "made a fortune, trained soldiers, gathered people to protect his hometown and keep it safe", and competed with two powerful pirate groups, Lu Shishan and Su Shilu. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, initiated the first year of Hongwu, and recruited Liao Yongzhong, a general from the south, to Guangzhou. Guan Min, Zhang Zhongxian and Dunford surrendered to Liao Yongzhong on behalf of local armed forces. In the struggle between Liao Yongzhong and several pirate groups, the local armed forces led by Guan Min successively wiped out hundreds of pirates, and Guan Min was also retaliated by the pirate groups. Pirates besieged Huanglian, "Li Min died in battle, with more than 20 people in one family".
? There is also a legend in Huanglian: Guan Min died in a war with pirates and his body fell into the wide Xijiang River. People are worried that his body will follow Shui Piao to the sea, that is, they can't find it, so they have to go back disappointed. Unexpectedly, Guan Min's body drifted back to Huanglian against the current. This is the legendary Huanglian "body against the current". General Liao Yongzhong played Guan Min's deeds in the imperial court. In order to show his loyalty, Ming Taizu, Ming Taizu, dedicated Guan Min to loyalty and gave Guan Yin several loyalty halls as a memorial, while Huanglian Township was named zhongyi township. After the completion of Guan Minzhong's Yi Temple, it became the largest, most qualified and most famous sacrificial ancestral temple in Shunde because it was sealed by the emperor, with archways and flagpole clips. Huanglian Township is also called Zhong Yi Township.
When I was in primary school in the early 1950s, a primary school teacher named Xiao Junjian died of old age. He, Huang Lian, is a stranger without a family. His body was buried in Kannonji. Several classmates and I made a special trip to Kannonji to see Xiao off. At that time, there was a tall and mighty statue of Min in Kannonji, which was located on a wide white stone pedestal. There is a legend in Huanglian: there is a bottomless well under the statue of Guan Min, and an iron chain hangs straight in the well. Someone wants to rub it. There is no such thing. At that time, I was a good boy, and I didn't go anywhere except studying at home, so this was the only time I went to Guanmin Temple.
In the late 1950s, I went to Liu Le Middle School to study, but I knew little about rural affairs. Perhaps it is because Fanshun County needed blue bricks when building Daliang Auditorium or Hexagonal Hall in the era of Liu Le Gong She [there was no brick factory burning red bricks at that time]. If Daguanmin Temple is demolished to the ground, there is still no trace to be found, which is still very embarrassing. In recent years, people with Guan surname in Huang Lian had a meeting to rebuild Guan Min Temple, but it was difficult to discuss because of its wide coverage.
Things in the world, the past will always pass. Looking ahead, some history will always be forgotten and lost in the long river of history. It depends on whether future generations have the intention to record. Now many communities have set up village history museums to let future generations know their history, and Huanglian has also set up a village history museum, which is a very positive work.
Appendix III, National Identity of Local Society in Pearl River Delta
State and Etiquette: National Identity of Local Society in the Pearl River Delta from the Mid-Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty
(excerpt)
"However, it is difficult to explain the complementary relationship between local and central authorities in etiquette by discussing regional society in a vague way. The following is a slightly complicated example, hoping to make this argument clear. This example is the experience of He Zhen, a Guangdong scholar at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He was later named Dongguan Bo by Ming Taizu. It reflects the inseparable relationship between land property and sacrifice.
Guan Minchuan Huang Zuo's Guangdong Tongzhi. [19] In the first year of Hongwu, Liao Yongzhong, a general of the Ming Dynasty, granted him the right of inspection, but it was not an official position. "The thief is called gathering people to surround his hometown." Min died in the countryside. This "thief title" reflects the local people's views on his inspection right, and there is no way to verify it now. But after his death, the Ming government gave him the deputy commander-in-chief of Wu Dun Dawei's military command post, "to show loyalty in his hometown, so that he could set up a temple to worship in his old age." Another "Guangdong Tongzhi Jade Emperor Records" has a record of Zhong Yi Township Pavilion in Shunde Huanglian Township. There is a plaque in the pavilion that says "Zhong Yi Township". [20] Sun's Chronicle of Dunyi Temple in Huanglian Township is a record of the creation of contemporary temples. [2 1] According to Guan's Genealogy, Guan Min was born in the ninth year (1349) and died in the first year of Hongwu (1368), so his death was only 20 years old. Guan Min has no children and no daughters, but his father has only one son and three daughters, and was adopted by another room. [22] Therefore, to understand the family relationship in his settlement, we need to start from his grandfather's generation.
According to the genealogy, his grandfather Chen Liang originally lived in Shannan Township, Nanhai. "The Yuan Dynasty moved its capital to Maoyu, Huang Lian, and today it runs through Tung Chung Township, Shunde County, with its capital in Fort Huang Lian. He is from Jiuyuan, Liu Jia, and his surname is Wu Sheng. He lives in Zhongguofang, Zhong Yi Township, Huanglian. " In its heyday, the lineages of the following generations are as shown in the following figure (from right to left in generational order):
After the second generation, this family with Chen Liang as its ancestor was divided into three rooms. The Four Ancestors of Changfang (1369 ~ 1425) "was awarded the Beijing Prize for many times ... In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394), he advocated gathering Jieshi guardians in righteousness"; Pu (1346 ~), the eldest son of Fannie Mae III, "Tian entered the official position for 2 1 hectares, and then fled, so he died"; Three rooms and three rooms have no children, but they were canonized by the court for helping the Ming government to pacify Guangdong. At the same time, Guan Min obviously has a considerable amount of permanent property, and her sister also married with her when she got married. Therefore, in this family, Guan Min's room has both temples and rich property. At this time, as family ancestral temple has not yet been established, family sacrifices are likely to be centered on Guan Min's temple. However, since Guan Min has already passed away, only the feather platform under the long room and the second room can inherit his sacrificial incense and property. However, the eldest son of Changfang was piled up as a military household, as if there was another household registration. These two semesters will either set up another household registration or be exiled to Beijing. In this way, Guan Min's temple sacrifice and property were obviously inherited by the adopted Yuli. At the same time, because the second son was adopted by his brother, the property of Guan Yu and Dou Yuan and the family sacrifice centered on Guanmin Temple were controlled by the descendants of Yi. This example reflects the close relationship between inheritance, land control and ceremony. "
Appendix IV, (Shunde Blog) Notes of Huanglian Guan Min Shi Hai, Guan Min, Zhang Zhongxian and Liang Chengzhi.
/space-308742-do-blog-id-408030 . html
Notes of Huanglian Guanmin Shihai (Shunde blog) Uncle in the Green Garden? Published on February 25th, 2020-65438.
Guan min
Guan Min is from Huanglian, Shunde. Tongzhi, Guangdong: According to the genealogy of Guan family in Jingzhongfang, Huang Lian, Shunde, Guan Min was the tenth grandson of Jing Qigong, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty who moved south to Guangdong.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, bandits fled everywhere, local tyrants held on and controlled all parties, waiting for the opportunity to change. Guan Min donated money, trained soldiers, defended his hometown and relied on the people. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Liao Yongzhong, the general of the Southern Expedition, was stationed in Guangzhou, and Guan Min led the troops to join the army, and captured Lu Shishan and Su Shilu, the giant bandits in Longtan Township. After the Yu Party counterattacked, Guan Min died, and more than 20 people in his family were killed by the knife. Liao Yongzhong, the general of the Southern Expedition, served in the imperial court because of his loyalty and courage. In the Ming Dynasty, Liang Wudi gave Guan Min the title of "Deputy Commander of the Military Forces Division of Wu Dun" and the title of "Zhong Yi Township" in Huanglian Township, and built a "Loyalty Pavilion" and a "Dunyi Hall", offering sacrifices in autumn and September every year to show loyalty. Zhong Yi Town is exempted from military officers for three years, and farmland over 30 hectares is exempted for one year. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), the imperial court built the Wu Dun Temple in Guandi Village of Huanglian. Sun Kun, a famous poet in Shunde who was in charge of the county's education at that time (equivalent to the current Foshan Education Director), once praised his virtue in his poem: "Clouds and flags are raining heavily, and life is frugal."
In addition to Guangdong Tongzhi, Ming Hui Dian, Loyal Officials in the Early Ming Dynasty, Tong Mingjian, Chen Menglei's Collection of Ancient and Modern Books in Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou Loyalty Biography, Shunde County Records and Nanhai County Records also recorded Guan Min's life story.
The Ming Dynasty imperial court promulgated the code "Ming Hui Dian", which made uniform provisions on the "righteous gods" sacrificed in various places: there were 335 people in China, including heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, Confucius, sages, kings of past dynasties, founding heroes, etc. Among them, Guangdong's "righteous gods" 15 people, including Guan Min, became the "righteous gods" who went to the altar to enjoy human sacrifices. This shows his social influence at that time.
According to the Hong Kong Guanshi Genealogy, Weng Zhongyi, the tenth ancestor, helped Taizu to help the world, was ordered to level Lingnan, died in battle, and was built in the early Ming Dynasty, so there is no record, so it is not praised. A few years later, Emperor Gao leveled the desert, and my ancestors were loyal to the country. Although he is dead, he still has poise. In the ghost array, the flag gathers mosquitoes and flies to push the word "official and people", which is a great victory for the pioneers in the army. The emperor asked the strategist the word "build by laying bricks or stones with mosquitoes and flies", only to know that it was the name of my ancestor. The emperor wants to seal the count and discuss the inheritance. This is the dream of the night emperor. My ancestors didn't want to attack India, just wanted to get drunk every year. So Ming Di ordered the temple to be built in Huanglian. He was named "Wu Dun", whose full name is "the commander of military forces is loyal, righteous, afraid of the country and Guan Gong". Sacrifice him every year in the Spring and Autumn Period, and send clothes and towels to his descendants for worship.
(Guan Min is Zhang's wife and uncle)
Zhang Zhongxian: Resolute, knowledgeable, far-sighted, loyal to the country. At that time, I defended my hometown with my wife and uncle Guan Min. After Guan Min's death, Zhang Zhongxian followed "Nanxiong Hou" Zhao Yong to crusade against Dongguan Cao Zhen. Zhang Zhongxian took the lead in sailing, seized the enemy port, broke the thief forward, and the official ship took advantage of the situation, which was unstoppable. It is obvious to all that thieves are defeated without fighting. Zhao Yong deeply loved his courage and admired his strength, so he promoted Zhang Zhongxian to be the "white sand governor". Later, he was sent to lead the army to break the Dongguan dilemma. Zhang Zhongxian went to Haikou by boat, and the thief army was afraid of his courage and attacked together. Zhang Zhongxian was fearless, calmly confronted the enemy, fought hard for a day, killed hundreds of enemies, and finally died in the battlefield, finally pacifying the enemy. Zhao Yongjia lamented that his loyalty had failed. Since then, officials and virtuous people have sent people to pay homage to him. 150 years later, before Jiajing B was born (1535), the court gave him a "loyalty plaque". 200 years later, Wanli celebrated the Year of the Sea (1599), and was given the plaque "Linghai Loyalty". His deeds are recorded in the chronicle, and his family is better represented. There is a "loyal minister shrine" in Huanglian, and the sacrificial specifications are consistent with Guan Min's. In addition, Zhang Zhongxian, Guan Min and Guan Yancheng were commended and presented by Zhongshu Province, and published the Zhong Yi Township Directory to publicize the four townships.
Liang Chengzhi (Liang is Guan Min's cousin)
Huanglian Liang Chengzhi, born with a literary name and a good name, is the descendant of the third son Liang Zhen. Liang is the son of Liang Zhen. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Liang married Guan Min's sister, and Guan Jia gave her the beach house as a dowry. From then on, Liang lived in Huang Lian.
Liang Chengzhi lost his father and devoted himself to serving his mother. Liang Chengzhi was heartbroken when his mother suffered from eye diseases for a long time. He cried for a day and a night, and then washed his mother's eyes with tears. Fourteen days later, his mother's eyes recovered, which surprised the whole village. People call him "a scholar who washes his eyes". His son Deng Liang is a Qianlong juren, his grandson Liang Zhaobang is an academician, and his great-grandson Liang Shouchang is a Jiaqing juren.
There are occasional disputes in the countryside. Liang Chengzhi convinced people with words, gentle and easy-going, compatible with justice and reason, and resolved hatred. The villagers all call him a good man. [The above content is provided by Key]
Appendix V, About Huanglian and Guandi
Guandi: Now it's in Guandi's Huanglian Central Park, near the original Guandi Temple. Guandi is adjacent to Beitou (surnamed Liang) and Chongkou (surnamed Zhang). It turned out that the dragon boat in Nanchang Gongci (Guandi Public Welfare Hall) has become a highway, and now Guandi's dragon boat is buried in the Tianhou Palace opposite the Chongkou River. Guandi also has memorial sites related to Min, namely "Gonggong Lane" (in which there is a rebuilt plaque), "Loyalty" plaque (opposite to the temple), "Longxi Lane" (Longxi Hall) related to Guan's surname, and the only remaining three ancestral temples: Nanchang Gongci, Xizhuang Gongci and Tianzu Temple. The main dragon boat is placed next to the original Guanmin Temple. Nanchang Gongci (Guandi Public Welfare Hall) held Guandi celebration.
Huang Lian Village History Museum and Huang Lian: In Huang Lian Village History Museum, the statue of Guan Min was newly erected on 20 19. It is a great blessing for Huang Lian to regain its former aura and become a famous cultural tourism town in Lingnan. Two articles in Shunde's blog also show that these historical stories are actually deeply rooted in people's hearts. Coupled with "Historical Records of Huanglian" 1993 released a few days ago, the images of Huanglian and Guanmin are more stereoscopic.
The following is a brief introduction of Coptis chinensis (see the following two articles)
Guan Min and Shunde Huanglian (Ⅱ)
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Historical materials of coptis chinensis 1993 12
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Thanks for reading.